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Monolithic Domes the Green Wave of the Future

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Monolithic Domes the Green Wave of the Future
Gretta D Wagner
John Brown University

Applied Research in Management OM 3123
Professor Kimberly Jones
May 10, 2011
Abstract
In recent years ecological activists have brought to our attention the impact we humans have placed on our planet as a whole. From pollution to global warming some type of environmental effect is brought up in our daily conversations. One major item of discussion is typically “going green”. The Monolithic Dome offers natural disaster resistance, physical damage resistance from insects and rodents, mold resistance, degradation resistance, all while offering the most economical, green energy efficient building available.

Monolithic Domes the Green Wave of the Future
The Monolithic Dome originally started out as a dream for Davis South who with his two brothers, Randy and Barry, researched, planned and built the first monolithic dome. David South had heard Buckminster Fuller talking about geodesic domes on the radio in 1956. David immediately thought I can do better. Geodesic domes are made from triangle wooden structure forms places together to form the structure of the dome in which the outer structure is then lain. David South researched this type of structure and became fascinated with it. After much discussion with his brothers Randy and Barry, the South brothers started trying to develop a stronger more reliable dome. After several years of research and numerous trials and errors the South Brothers came up with a process they used to develop the first Monolithic Dome structure. In order to prove the soundness and structural integrity of the first Monolithic dome the brothers built a potato storage facility in Shelly, Idaho in 1975.
The Monolithic Dome construction process includes: 1) pouring a ring foundation floor and attaching rebar steel reinforcements throughout the floor. 2) Attaching an air form to the foundation floor and inflating it with large blowers and installing an air lock door in order to enter and exit the air form. 3) Spraying the interior of the air form with polyurethane foam insulation and attaching the steel rebar to the inside of the poly foam insulation. 4) Spraying layers of concrete until it reaches a thickness of two to four inches inside of the polyurethane foam and letting it cure. In 1979 David, Randy and Barry South patented the Monolithic Dome process. Today the Monolithic Dome has many more accredited uses other than just being a storage facility.
The Monolithic Dome Institute is located in Italy, Texas just off of the east side of interstate 35E. There sits Bruco who consists of seven, sixty foot interlocking dome structures. Bruco houses all of the machinery used by Monolithic Dome Institute to construct the air forms used in the construction of the Monolithic Domes. As you drive into the Monolithic Dome Institute you will notice a “village” consisting of approximately fifty, twenty to forty foot diameter dome. David South touts “if you build them they will come” referring to his Monolithic housing rentals. David South will be the first to tell you that these little houses are virtually indestructible. Tornados are going to roll on by without the residents ever having to worry. A fire can break out and all that will be damaged are the furnishings inside if the fire lasts that long without extinguishing itself.
The Monolithic Dome’s uses range from housing in 3 world countries to highly elaborate homes in all parts of the world, from storage facilities to schools, churches and industrial plants. Monolithic Domes are touted to be most possibly the greenest buildings available without spending an enormous amount of money. The actual costs involved to build a Monolithic Dome home are basically the same as a conventional built home. However, when considering building a school, church, community center, or any larger scale building the cost of building a Monolithic Dome are much more cost effective. When building a structure of comparable size to a Monolithic Dome used for a large gymnasium the costs would be considerably higher due to the additional amounts of materials needed to be used to create a building that would be as structurally sound as a Monolithic Dome. The largest Monolithic Dome in the world is located in Birmingham, Alabama and is the home of Faith Chapel Christian Center. This Monolithic Dome is 72 feet tall, and 280 feet in diameter. The interior floor area including two levels is 74,500 feet.
The conventional way of construction incorporates the use of metal, concrete, wood or a combination of any of these in order to build a structure. This type of structure most usually does not provide any green features within the construction its self. Conventional buildings are prone to air leaks, shifting, and settling. Not to mention, the fact, that rodents and insects can easily invade a conventional structure and cause structural damage. The insulation factor or the R value of a conventional building can also vary due to the type of construction materials are used and can reduce over time. Many factors that can and do affect the R-value of a structure are insulation shifting and settling, gaps in insulation, number of studs in the outside walls thus reducing the overall R value of any outside walls, and areas of condensation. Some concerns to human health resulting from conventional buildings are mold, rodents, insects, and biological processes due to the effects of the rodents and insects.
However constructing a Monolithic Dome can prevent all of these human health concerns simply by its implemented construction. Concrete cannot be eaten, by insects or rodents, and it does dot warp or rot. Due to this factor alone Monolithic Domes are suitable for any climate from the desert to the Antarctic. Monolithic Domes have the highest insulating values around at R-60 and they are energy star eligible. This is achieve by using the thermal mass of the concrete inside of the polyurethane foam to maintain a comfortable interior temperature year round with little or no heating or cooling costs.
Monolithic Domes use less concrete than conventional concrete structures. While this is true, the Monolithic Dome also provides near absolute protection from tornados, hurricanes, fires and earthquakes and is FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) approved to withstand an F5 tornado. FEMA has approved a grant for the construction of Monolithic Dome disaster shelters in Licking County Ohio. FEMA has also approved the use of grant money to construct Monolithic Dome tornado shelters in two Ohio mobile home parks. FEMA defines the term near-absolute protection as “a shelter designed and constructed in accordance with the guidance presented in the is manual provide near-absolute protection from extreme-wind events. Near-absolute protection means that, based on our knowledge of tornadoes and hurricanes, the occupants of a shelter build according to this guideline will be protected from injury or death” (p. 1-2).
The Dome meets or exceeds all of the usual building codes including fire codes, thus reducing insurance in many cases. Considering the fact that the life span of a dome can be measured in centuries, and the fact that upkeep is virtually zero, makes the Monolithic Dome an investment that can span generations.
With all of these great benefits of the Monolithic Dome, as with all products there are a few disadvantages. Engineering of the dome has seen some concern over the need to have a trained dome construction crew due to the fact that the process differs so much from the conventional build. The curved walls can result in odd shaped rooms, ill fitting furniture or wasted space. However, social disadvantages are mostly to blame for the lack of dome construction of private residences. The radical appearance of a dome, the round shape on a square lot, the cultural shock perceived by some can lead to problems with neighborhood building permits if local residents and officials are not familiar with the Monolithic Dome and its advantages. Also resale of a Monolithic Dome can be difficult due to its odd, out of the box appearance.
However when the pencil is put to the paper and all sides are equally established comparing the Monolithic Dome to a conventional style building be it a home or a gymnasium, the energy efficiency cannot compare to that of a Monolithic Dome building. Considering the soundness of the structure, natural disaster survivability, and the overall construction costs the Monolithic Dome shows a more favorable long term solution to our energy needs. Not to mention the fact that the Monolithic Dome will still be standing for years or centuries to come. References
Architecture(2010). 1975-Present Monolithic Domes. Retrieved May 10, 2011 from http://architecture.about.com/od/periodsstyles/ig/House-Styles/Monolithic-Dome.htm
Design and Construction Guidance for Community Shelters(2008). Federal Emergency
Management Agency. Retrieved May 10, 2011 from http://www.fema.gov/library/file?type=publishedFile&file=fema361_cvr_toc.pdf&fileid= 9ca6d4d0-8a0d-11dd-9484...
Domes Provide Safe, Energy-Efficient, Even Elegant Abodes(February 28, 2008). McClatchy – Tribune Business News. Retrieved May 10, 2011 from http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.jbu.edu/pqdweb?index=4&did=1436225461&SrchMode=
Low Cost Green Home(2009). Monolithic Domes. Retrieved May 10, 2011 from http://www.lowcostgreenhome.com/monolithic_domes.htm
Think Round(January 2005). The Story of David B. South and The Monolithic Dome. Retrieved
May 10, 2011 from http://www.monolithic.com/stories/january-2005-think-round-the-story-of-david-b-south.

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