...The most interesting concepts I learned from this course, Lifespan Development, were those topics that involved the many stages of development. This was of particular interest to me as I was able to compare the various theories and how they related to my own children’s developmental milestones. Having two typical children and one with Autism, it was fascinating to see the differences and similarities in their cognitive and moral development. One specific chapter that grabbed my attention was chapter 6, which focused on the different theories that focused on cognitive developmental milestones which were explained by Piaget and Vygotsky (Stantrock, pages 175 and 191). Piaget’s Processes of Development was noteworthy as it highlighted the different...
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...Lifespan Development and Personality Paper David Trejo PSY103 June 13, 2011 Sandy Collins Lifespan Development and Personality Paper An organized study of life’s different cycle phases of human beings is what developmental psychology sets out to accomplish. The psychological development of humans is also described through developmental psychology. Lifespan development study of humans involves psychological, behavior, and genetic alterations from birth to the end of one’s life. How one progresses through life is mainly influenced by environmental and hereditary (nature and nurture) factors that involve cognitive, physical, moral, personality, and social development (Shonkoff & Phillips, 2000). This paper will discuss the influences on physical and cognitive development of middle childhood years (6 – 12 years). As a child progresses into these years, physical, moral, cognitive, personal, and social traits are further developed. All of these traits are imperative in the personality development of humans. Understanding how humans develop traits as physical, moral, and social during the middle childhood years will give insight into lifespan development (Karpov, 2005). Physical Development Factors During childhood years, the physical development stage ranges from gross motor development skills to fine motor development skills. Hereditary...
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...Lifespan Development and Personality Marie A. Hines PSY/103 March 12, 2012 Colleen Donald Lifespan Development and Personality Early childhood development can be affected by a number of factors, and it is impossible to underestimate the immense importance of the early development of children. Erik Erikson's stage theory of psychosocial development contributed to the understanding of personality development throughout the lifespan. The lifespan development of human being involves the psychological and genetic alterations from the birth and end of the life. The progress of life is highly influenced by the hereditary and environmental factors involving the different aspects related to physical, cognitive, social, moral, and personality development (Shonkoff & Phillips, 2000). Erik Erikson felt as if middle age children between the ages of six and twelve is where they begin to develop the mental skills needed in later years.“Elementary school-aged children, who succeed in learning new, productive life skills, develop a sense of pride and competence (industry). Those who fail to develop these skills feel inadequate and unproductive (inferior)” (Carpenter & Huffman, 2010). The phase of physical development of a child is classified as gross motor skills development and fine motor skills development. Hereditary factors play an important role in the physical growth and characteristics development of the child in the middle...
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...Cognitive Development in Early Childhood Early childhood is not only a period of amazing physical growth, it is also a time of remarkable mental development. Cognitive abilities associated with memory, reasoning, problem-solving and thinking continue to emerge throughout childhood. When it comes to childhood cognitive development, it would be impossible to avoid mentioning the work of psychologist Jean Piaget. After receiving his doctoral degree at age 22, Jean Piaget began a career that would have a profound impact on both psychology and education. Through his work with Alfred Binet, Piaget developed an interest in the intellectual development of children. Based upon his observations, he concluded that children are not less intelligent than adults, they simply think differently. Albert Einstein called Piaget's discovery "so simple only a genius could have thought of it."Piaget created a theory of cognitive development that described the basic stages that children go through as they mentally mature. He believed that children are like "little scientists," actively trying to make sense of the world rather than simply soaking up information passively. Schemas One of the key concepts in Piaget's theory is the use of schemas. According to Piaget,schemas are cognitive frameworks or concepts that help people organize and interpret information. As experiences happen, this new information is used to modify, add to or completely change previously existing schemas. For example, a young...
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...Lifespan Development From infancy to late adulthood development on different levels take place. A lifespan can be long or short; children develop faster than others, this can come from heredity, some genetic deficiency or lack of parental involvement. A child development should be parallel with her chemical genetic balance, gifts and talents, proper eating habits from the mother, her environment, and under the watchful eyes of her parents. Cognitive happens when individuals knows, understand or believe what they are capable to know and understand, these cognitive development happens within stages of lifespan. People and nature goes through processes of development; there are factors which can affect physical development within middle age children. Middle Childhood Attention span is a condition known as A.D.D or Attention Deficit Disorder; children with this disorder have difficulties learning to perform physical tasks. The key factor to consider is whether the child abilities are affected by her paying attention to do what she is performing. Can she actually perform a task of building a pyramid block, or is she easily distracted by her peers on her other side playing with water colors? When a child does not have a relationship with their senses, this can affect their physical development. There can be a particular smell which causes a child to feel sick, but this smell may not bother another child, or certain noise that may make the hair on their backs stand straight up. This...
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...Personality Development Adolescence There are many factors that affect the physical, cognitive, social, moral and personality development in an adolescent. Adolescence as defined in the dictionary, is the transitional period between puberty and adulthood in human development extending mainly over the teen years (RHCD, 1980). Adolescence is the time that can bring various changes physical, social and emotional. Adolescence begins with the onset of puberty. This usually occurs during the ages of twelve to twenty years old. Puberty is the period during which the reproductive system matures. This process is characterized by the increase in sex hormones (RHCD, 1980). Heredity and the environment both plays a significant role in the development of various human traits. Genes are determinants of heredity, and each individual carries genes from the mother and father. Characteristics such as height, weight, skin color, eye and hair color are all determined through the balance of genes in the body. Genes are responsible for cognitive and mental processes as well as physical features (ehow.com). Adolescents undergo a wide range of physical changes in a very short time, which is a result of biological and hereditary factors, but environmental influences are also significant. There are rapid height and weight gains, which generally takes place earlier in girls, more body fat is generated in girls where muscles are developed in boys. Changes in hormone levels trigger the development of...
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...FUNDAMENTAL MORAL PRINCIPLES TO Page 2 STUDENTS AT DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS Introduction Educational psychology is a branch of psychology concerned with developing effective educational techniques and dealing with psychological problems in schools. It’s a study of methods of training, teaching and their effectiveness. Also, the problems experienced in learning formal material; in particular, the study of how to help people, especial school children, with their learning problems to overcome their difficulties. (Definition) Fundamental moral principles are the principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or a social group. (Definition) Moral education is an increasingly popular topic in the fields of psychology and education. It’s been constantly debated in our daily lives. For instance, increased suicide cases, juvenile crimes such as: drug abuse, gang fights, theft and also teen pregnancy and inclining abortion rates have caused many to question the morals of the upcoming generation. This is not only faced in Singapore, but many other nations are also facing serious moral issues with the children these days. Therefore, for today’s programme, I will be focusing on different age groups; children between the age 3 and 5, Primary 5 students (10-11 years old) and High School Seniors/Junior College students (16-17 years old), and teach these students about right or wrong of fundamental moral principles. To learn about cognitive development of young...
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...STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Influences on Physical and Cognitive Development Early Childhood 1-6 years old Katherine Wright STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Influences on Physical and Cognitive Development Early Childhood 1-6 years old There are eight stages of development. The first stage is infancy age 0-1 year old, the second stage is toddler stage ages 1-2 years old, the third stage is early childhood ages 2-6 years old, the fourth stage is elementary and middle school stage ages 6-12 years old, the adolescence stage ages 12-18 years is the fifth stage, the sixth stage is the young adult stage age 19-40, the seventh stage is the middle adulthood stage age 40-65, and the eighth stage is the late adulthood stage age 65 to death. The eight stages are called Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development. These stages describe how a human should develop as they pass through life .Each stage that is conquered successfully means that a person conquers new challenges. Each stage builds as you successfully complete earlier stages. If the stages aren’t successfully completed, they can resurface as problems in the future. In the second stage, which is early childhood the development process is Crisis: Initiative vs. Guilt Description: Children have newfound power at this stage as they have developed motor skills and become more and more engaged in social interaction with people around them. They now must learn to achieve a balance between eagerness for more adventure and more responsibility...
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...Childhood PSY/103 Middle Childhood There are various aspects of human development, including physical, cognitive, social, moral, and personality development. In this paper the author will discuss the middle childhood (6-12 years) stage of human development. Incorporated will be the factors that affect physical and cognitive development both hereditary and environmental. I will also discuss the factors that affect social, moral, and personality development. Developmentally, middle childhood is a big time in a child’s life. During this time, they begin their academic journey. “During middle childhood, defined by psychologists as the period between 6 and 12 years of age children develop the emotional, cognitive, and social skills necessary to become educable members of society” (Campbell, 2011). They are growing and changing in so many ways. Children begin learning how to relate to others outside the home. They also learn to respect others and how to treat others properly. A child’s physical and cognitive development can be affected by many things. Genetics, nutrition, home environment, income, and parenting affect how a child will develop during middle childhood. Culture also comes into play when a person looks at social, moral, and personality development. All of these things will affect how a child thinks and feels about the world around him or her. Genes have an effect on middle childhood development. Everything from height and weight to hair color are determined by genes...
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... Messias With reference to any aspect of Childhood Development and Educational Psychology, critically discuss what you think will be the major challenges to you as a teacher in the South African context and reflect on your own development as a learner in relation to the theory; • Developmental Stages – Piaget – Erikson – Kohlberg The way in which teachers are educated and supported to meet the challenges of the 21st century has huge influence on their ability to manage their classroom dynamics. Thus teachers need to engage with resources that enable them to provide substantial attention to learners, learning, and human development. Knowledge of the domain of educational psychology is a central resource to the teaching enterprise and to the preparation of teachers. Teacher who have knowledge of the psychology of learning, development, and instruction are better able to facilitate the learning and development of each individual student as they possess a broad and deep understanding of children, the subjects they teach, the nature of learning and schooling, and the world around them. As a student teacher specializing in the foundation phase of learning I have decided to investigate several aspects of Childhood Development and Educational Psychology. Erikson, Piaget, and Kohlberg are well known educational...
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...Lifespan and Personality Development: Middle Childhood Taylor Nail PSY/103 February 02, 2015 Michael Phillips Lifespan and Personality Development: Middle Childhood What kinds of things can affect an individual from the age of 6 to 12 years? There are many things that can affect a person of this age group (middle childhood). During the middle childhood, Social and Moral Development describes that “children either develop a sense of their own competence at a variety of tasks, especially schoolwork, or they come to believe they are not capable of success (n.d.)”. Even though this age group can determine their own success and their own identity, there are factors that can affect these individuals’ physical, cognitive and social, moral, and personality development. There are many things that can affect the physical development in young children during their middle childhood, including environmental influences. With all of the research going on these days, it all loops back around to one issue these children face in the environment; obesity. For example, more and more children are spending more time watching television, and while watching the television they are snacking or having more meal time causing them to increase in weight, ultimately affecting their physical development. This problem increases as the children grow older. “Children’s TV time and home environment factors were assessed longitudinally among 169 families with children followed from 6 to 12 years of age...
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...Infants grow and change as they progress into a preschooler, middle aged child and into adolescents. Physical growth, intellectual/cognitive growth, psychosocial changes, social development, moral development, and the personality all changes and evolves as the infant makes its way through these stages of life. During infancy, children attach to others. “Attachment, a strong, positive emotional bond that forms between an infant and one or more significant persons, is a crucial factor in enabling individuals to develop social relationships” (Feldman, 2014, p. 198).They normally form their initial primary relationship with their parents and other family members. “Research suggests an association between an infant’s attachment pattern and his or her social and emotional competence as an adult” (Feldman, 2014, p. 198). Through the process of “reciprocal socialization, in which infants’ behaviors invite further responses from parents and other caregivers,” infant’s social world starts to take form (Feldman, 2014, p. 188). Infants express their sociability, at first, in nonverbal ways. They smile, laugh, stare, and with age make vocalizations and imitate others. A mothers’ interactions with her baby is important for the babies’ social development. As mothers’ respond appropriately to their babies’ social cues, the infant’s attachment is strengthened. A father’s expression of positive emotions is also important to the infant’s social well-being. Personality includes those...
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...initially comprehend the definition of adolescence. Adolescence is defined as “the transitional period between puberty and adulthood in human development.” Two different developments occurring during this period are cognitive and emotional developments, both of which can be associated with developmental psychological theories. Cognitive development is one type of development occurring during adolescence, related to the way in which an adolescent thinks. Post-conventional moral reasoning, according to Lawrence Kohlberg, is associated with the cognitive development in adolescence. During this stage, societal rules and conventions move from an authoritative point of view to being seen with relativity and subjectivity. Post-conventional moral reasoning is integral to the development of an adolescent as it marks the realisation of independence in society, the precedence of an individual’s own thought, and the strengthening of one’s own principles of morality and reasoning. This means that a growing sense of independence and subjectivity is established within the adolescent, integral to adulthood later on in life. Emotional development is another type of development taking place throughout adolescence. Sigmund Freud established five (5) stages of emotional development known as the physosexual stages of development. The stage of this development, relevant to adolescence is Freud’s fifth stage, known as the genital stage. During this stage, adolescents focus their sexual urges to people...
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...psychology Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory: Kohlberg’sMoral judgment data from a longitudinal study of 26 undergraduates are scored by Kohlberg’s newly revised manual and replicate his original finding that a significant percentage of subjects appear to regress from adolescence to adulthood. The persistence of relativistic regression in these data suggests the need to revise the theory. The same hypothetical moral dilemmas are also scored according to an alternative coding scheme based on the hypothesis of an adult form of cognitive development. Results indicate that the Kohlberg regressors are progressors when evaluated against a standard of commitment in relativism instead of absolute principles of justice. Real-life data on the same subjects suggest that this progression is related to actual experiences of moral conflict and choice which lead to the restructuring of moral judgment to a more dialectical mode. It is suggested that this alternative notion of postconventional development is necessary for understanding (and scoring) adult moral judgment. Piaget's theory of cognitive development: Piaget's theory of cognitive development is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence, first developed by Jean Piaget. It is primarily known as a developmental stage theory, but in fact, it deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans come gradually to acquire, construct, and use it. To Piaget, cognitive development was a progressive reorganization...
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...Social cognitive theory From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |[pic] |This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to | | |reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2010) | |Psychology | |[pic] | |Outline | |History | |Subfields | |Basic types | |Abnormal | |Biological | |Cognitive | |Comparative | |Cultural | |Differential | |Developmental | |Evolutionary | |Experimental ...
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