...Mike Jones McDonough Town Manager 136 Keys Ferry Street McDonough, GA 30253 Re: Drinking water: Lead and Copper Rule Dear Mr. Jones, This law firm represents a group of local citizens currently residing in the city of McDonough, Georgia. Elevated levels of lead in the drinking water have the residents concerned. Many federal regulations have been established in an effort to protect drinking water in the United States. One such regulation is the Lead and Copper Rule, 40 C.F.R. § 141.2 (2011). Drinking water in America is primarily tainted lead and copper by way of plumbing materials. Resulting health problems can range from stomach ailments to brain damage. In 1991 the EPA published the Lead and Copper Rule and this rule has been updated over the years to account for growing knowledge of the effects that these chemicals have on the human body. According to WebMD, if drinking water is contaminated with lead it should not be used for, “…cooking or drinking”. The toxicity levels of lead and copper can be determined by using a test kit. The EPA cites that lead enters drinking when corrosion of pipes, solder, fittings, or brass fixtures and faucets occurs. The simple test kit has been used by many of the McDonough residents and proven that their concerns are valid. The EPA requires that systems be in place to monitor “…drinking water at customer taps. If lead concentrations exceed an action level of 15 ppb or copper concentrations exceed an action level of 1...
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...TITLE: CASE STUDY- GREAT LAKE :GREAT DECISION COURSE: BUS 499 Social /Demographic Segments: Since Great Lake is a company that is located in places , has to employ people, of different ages, diversity, and wage distribution , it has to be careful in making decision and dealing with the people because how this people use the product it an effect on the safety and health . Great lake has to take into consideration the place that the company is located, because the countries that are underdeveloped are the one using their product, TEL. Great Lake can be affected by the population using the product or where they produce the product. The Economic Segment: Great Lake has siege operation and that will affect its revenue. The reason of stopping operation is that the health hazard the product posed to the population, worker. So when considering safety issues, its income or profit will be decrease since production has to be decreased or stopped. The nation that still use leaded gasoline will be affected too if it has no resources to produce unleaded gasoline. Political/Legal/Government Segment: Laws or regulations in place by authority or environmentalists will go after Great Lake to stop producing TEL that has health hazard or safety effect on the population or people. Politician or the press will use this situation to hammer this company, Great Lake. Therefore, Great Lake will have no alternative but to reduce production or stop production completely. Technological...
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...instead of relying on petrol, hence, bringing change to the transport system. Product concept Concept A We provide the fastest –gas delivery service to your door step. You make the call, we get to you door step in seconds. You are concern about time; we make way for you to focus on your most pressing needs while we focus on providing clean and long lasting gas supply to you for various activities. Our 24/7 guaranteed services (with holiday inclusive) will lead to readily available service to customers, thus, constant supply of gas. We exchange our fully filled gas for your unfilled gas cylinder, so that there’ll be gas always available to use at the workplace, homes and other places. Concept B We provide the fastest –gas delivery service to your door step. You make the call, we get to you door step in seconds. We fill your gas cylinders to the brim and have a long last usage of the gas, all at an affordable price. Taxi drivers using gas are no exceptions. Our 24/7 guaranteed services (with holiday inclusive) will lead to readily available service to customers, thus, constant supply of gas. We exchange our fully filled gas for your unfilled gas cylinder, so that there’ll be gas always available to use at the workplace and homes. Our Concept C We provide the fastest –gas delivery service to your door step. You make the call, we get to you door step in seconds. To build rapport with our customers, we give complementary cards to our customers and also give safety measures...
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...Element: Lead Symbol: Pb Latin Name: Plumbum Atomic Number: 82 Group: 14 Period: 6 Electronic Configuration: * 1s2 2s2p6 3s2p6d10 4s2p6d10f14 5s2p6d10 6s2p2 Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,32,18,4 Shell model: Properties Of Lead (Pb) Chemical Properties of Lead * Electrochemical Equivalent: 3.865g/amp-hr * Electron Work Function: 4.25eV * Electronegativity: 2.33 (Pauling); 1.55 (Allrod Rochow) * Heat of Fusion: 4.799kJ/mol * Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers, hydrogen peroxide, acids * Ionization Potential * First: 7.416 * Second: 15.028 * Third: 31.943 * Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 24.2 Physical Properties of Lead * Atomic Mass Average: 207.2 * Boiling Point: 2013K 1740°C 3164°F * Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K-1: 29.1E-6 * Conductivity Electrical: 0.0481 106/cm Ω Thermal: 0.353 W/cmK * Density: 11.35g/cc @ 300K * Description: A very soft bluish-white metal that tarnishes in moist air. * Elastic Modulus: * Bulk: 46/GPa * Rigidity: 5.6/GPa * Youngs: 16/GPa * Enthalpy of Atomization: 194.6 kJ/mole @ 25°C * Enthalpy of Fusion: 4.77 kJ/mole * Enthalpy of Vaporization: 179.4 kJ/mole * Flammablity Class: Non-combustible solid (except as dust) * Freezing Point: see melting point * Hardness Scale * Brinell: 38.3 MN m-2 * Mohs: 1.5 * Heat of Vaporization: 177.7kJ/mol * Melting Point: 600.75K 327.6°C 621...
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...What has gone wrong probably is that we have failed to see ourselves as part of a large and invisible whole? For too long we have based our lives on a primitive feeling that our “God-given” role was to have “dominion over the fish of the sea and over the fowl of the air and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth.” ‘We have failed to understand that the earth does not belong to us, but we to the earth.’ Do you agree with this statement? Justify your answer. I agree with the statement. Man has failed to see himself as part of earth; instead he views himself as owner of earth and rules over the inferior, even a fellow man like himself. Biblically, everything was created before man. Man being intelligent was given the role to take care of the world by God. It was mere naming of animals but man has taken it to a whole new level. We think that the earth belongs to us but in actual sense we belong to the earth. Since time immemorial animals have been inferior to man. He has even likened his domestic animals to slaves. Animals have offered cheap labour force to man ever since we can remember. The horse donkey and mule have been part of labour to man. They are referred to as the beasts of burden. Having no form of authority to man, they have to bear the fact that man bears rule over them. The birds of the air have been interfered with numerous aero inventions conflicting with their natural flight environment. The beautiful creations are being harassed but to their dismay...
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...Various Types of News Structure 1. Straight News Story a. The summary lead answers the most important W’s depending on which of the W’s is the most prominent among them. b. The body consists of the elaboration of the W’s and the H. The Torres Goldies ripped the Laurel Greenies last week at the High School oval because of better team work, 65-60. (Lead) The Torres team was composed of Antonio Oropeza, captain; Rogelio Romero, forward; Seki Santos, and Dioscoro Reyes, guards.(Elaboration of the WHO) The game was held in the evening of Sept.10 in connection with the celebration of Barangay Day. The Greenies’ defeat was the first they suffered in the current invitational games. (Elaboration of the WHEN and WHO) The Goldies played smoothly. They did not shoot for the basket until they were near it. The cheering squads kept the players’ morale high.(Elaboration of the HOW) Although the final score was 65-60, there were times when the lead of the Goldies was as much as 10 points. (Further elaboration) B. News-Feature Story News-Feature should not be confused with the feature articles (features) which are sometimes called special features and printed in the features sections of the newspapers of in the magazines. Human interest and news-feature stories are classified as news since both are gathered and written daily by reporters as their regular assignments. Furthermore, both emphasize the elements of timeliness or immediacy which distinguishes news from other types of...
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...to the back of the Bridge Pod. Then, the Bio Amp cable was attached to the Bio Amp socket on the PowerLab. The three lead wires were attached to the Bio Amp cable. Other materials such as dissecting dish, metal pins, scissors, forceps, strong thread with a barbless hook, acetylcholine solution, epinephrine solution, and Frog Ringer's solutions in cold, warm, and room temperature were collected. The force transducer was zeroed by adjusting the baseline value to zero. A weight between 5 and 50 grams was hanged from the force transducer and was recorded for five seconds to calibrate the force transducer. The N value was calculated and the calibration was implemented. A double-pithed frog was dissected by making a longitudinal and lateral incision along the ventral surface of the abdomen with scissors. The tissue and the sternum was cut away to expose the thoracic cavity. The pericardium was cut away with the forceps to expose the heart. The force transducer was attached to the heart by lifting up the apex of the heart and piercing it with a hook. The tension on the thread was adjusted and the thread was left perpendicular to the table, instead of an angle. The lead wire alligator clips were attached to the pins holding the frog to record the ECG. The red lead was attached to the left forelimb, the black lead was attached to the right forelimb, and the green lead was attached to the right hindlimb. In the first exercise, the baseline heart rate was observed from the force generated...
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...1990’s , but environmental hazard’s still kill at least 3 million children under the age of 5 year. Infants are vulnerable due to their sizes, behavior, and developmental stage. These environmental factor lead can affect the infants health by causing brain damage, developmental problems. Infants have the behavior of crawling and anything / objects in their way, they put in their mouth. Infants are exposed to indoor/out door pollution, non toxic agents like cooking, smoking, air and heating. According to World Health Organization ( WHO) children are exposed to indoor air pollution on a regular basis, and it estimated that many children die from acute respiratory infection, lead poisoning ,and exposure to hazardous chemical and exposure to pesticides. The environmental factor I chose is lead poisoning. Lead poisoning is a build up of lead in the body, usually over months or years. Lead poisoning is a major environmental health hazard/ factor that affects infants in developing countries. According to the Environmental Defense and Alliance, to end childhood lead poisoning. Lead poisoning is very dangerous, it potentially affect the infants been exposed to it by causing hearing impairment, causes infertility, kidney damage, anemia, brain damage, poor development, may lead to coma and death. Studies have proved...
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...based solvents and reducing the amount of solvent based chemicals in their supply chain. He stated that customers are seeking medical devices containing green alternative components as part of their own “green” strategy. Since Danaher is highly focused on meeting the needs of its customer, it has taken the steps needed to use the “environmentally friendly” solvent as much as possible in its components. Not only is this is an example of a best practice among medical device manufacturers, but a way the company can solidify its competitive edge within the industry. One global regulatory initiative impacting Danaher has been the “Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive” enacted in 2006 in the European Union. Typically referred as the “lead free” directive, it restricts...
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...Environmental Health The environment has a symbiotic relationship to the health of individuals, families and communities. The environment must be healthy in order for achievement of optimal health (Stanhope and Lancaster, 2014). Nurses have a responsibility to understand the health environmental risks, including how and what, should be included in assessment, planning and implementing interventions to reduce or eliminate the environmental risk. In addition, nurses must be able to communicate the environmental health risks, provide needed education and advocate for public policies to mitigate the risk to health (Stanhope and Lancaster, 2014). This paper will explore the nurse’s role in environmental nursing through the review of environmental principles, explaining differences between an environmental exposure history and an environmental health exam and the four phases of a chemical exposure. Finally, author will discuss the differences between community-based and community-oriented nursing and explain the how population-based approaches are applicable to the hospital setting. Environmental Principles According to Stanhope and Lancaster (2014), nurses must know how to assess for environmental health risks in order to help the individuals, families and communities they care for. In 1995, The National Academy of Science’s Institute of Medicine (IOM) published a report calling for all nurses to have a basic understanding of environmental health principles...
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...Literature Review Background on Lead Lead is a naturally occurring metal found in small amounts (0.002%) throughout the earth’s surface and deep beneath the ground (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2014; Environmental Protection Agency, 2014; World Health Organization, 2010). It is described as a heavy, low melting, and bluish-gray metal (Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry, 2007). The toxicity of lead has been known ever since Roman times (WHO, 2010), when a Greek physician and poet, Nicander, described it as “gleaming, deadly white lead” (Needleman, 2009, p. 235) and, Dioscorides, a physician of Nero, described “lead makes the mind give away” (Needleman, 2009, p. 235). World Health Organization cites (Eisinger,...
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...injury. (La Mance, Ken 1999-2011) With petition involving allegation of a broken or not in a working condition, irrationally hazardous products, the corporations or companies may be accountable even though the individual may locate it repeatedly for all acceptable care in the design manufacture and sale of the product in question. (La Mance, Ken 1999-2011) When an individual, homeowner, apartment managers, online shopping etc need to find a qualify contractor visit Angie List. This website has a lot of creditable, honest and it back up with Angie. All the date of website is all certified, they have complaint resolution team. (Angie List, 2009) A defective product can be broken or not in a working order. The defective product can have lead paint on it. A defective product can range from VCR, CD Player, Stereo, Refrigerator, Stove, Microwave, etc. A defective product can be including in a Mc Donald, Burger King or any restaurant happy meals toys. (Sandra Scott) Why should a consumer be concerned about a defective product because under the Sale Goods Act, the product has to be explaining in writing and acceptable for that purpose? Under the CE rules, any electrical products have to meet the safety guidelines that are not including burning. If the...
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...Kevin McPheeters Instructor’ Choice Assignment Fall2012-ECO2023-Princ Economics II-372686 November 3, 2012 Plumbing In my current position, I have the chance to dabble in many of your typical industrial trades such as electrical work, carpentry, welding and plumbing. As much as I enjoy this type of work, my job requirements create limitations to my knowledge and experience. I work in a maintenance capacity; therefore it is helpful to know a little bit about a lot, as opposed to being experienced in exclusively one trade. All of the aforementioned trades are suffering a shortage of qualified employees, so the opportunity exists to get into any of them and succeed, career wise as well as monetarily. It just amounts to how hard one is willing to work on what are generally considered unglamorous trades. For the purpose of this assignment I am going to focus on opportunities in the plumbing trade. Plumbers are tradesmen that are generally qualified for a wide range of responsibilities, and also need some experience in other trades such as carpentry and welding. Plumbers can handle jobs as simple as one man unplugging a toilet all the way to an entire company dedicating its workforce to constructing a skyscraper. They can handle everything from plastic pipe and glue to cast iron pipes and a welding rig. If they are working on a house, they would need some carpentry skills for plumbing installation. Plumbers have an advantage over some of the other construction related trades...
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...Toxins in the Body Tu K Ly Devry University Toxins in the Body The human body contains toxins that originate from chemicals that occur naturally and those made by humans. These toxins normally enter the body through inhalation, consumption of contaminated food and/or water, or even absorption through the skin. Some of the toxins that persist in the human body include lead, mercury, dioxin, and furans, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The lead toxin is contained in both the indoor and outdoor air. Industries, waste incinerators, and plants manufacturing lead-acid battery usually emit that from the outdoor air. Lead-based paint is also a source of both lead contained in indoor and outdoor air. The lead present in drinking water normally comes from the corrosion of lead-containing materials found in the water supply systems. The coal-fired power plants are the leading emitters of mercury in the environment because mercury occurs naturally in coal. Gold mining is another source of mercury as it is largely used in the separation of gold from the mined ore. Waste incinerators produce mercury through the burning of disposed items containing mercury, for instance, thermometers and compact fluorescent light bulbs. Cement kilns also release mercury contained in the coal used as fuel in cement-manufacturing plants. Fish is another major source of mercury as it contains higher concentrations of mercury, which the fish takes up after...
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...point by four major systems-urban space and transportation, food and agriculture, materials, and energy. Each system raises basic issues relating to how human settlements are organized and managed. In my belief, today’s school systems are becoming more aware/educated of these systems. Society claims that they are taking action, but it is sometimes hard to tell if they really are. Others just complain about the rising gasoline prices and the strange weather. Many people want to see results now, but they do not understand that starting locally, especially in their own homes, schools, or work areas, is the key to reducing many of the world’s environmental problems. School’s are a crucial step to become environmentally friendly one school will lead to another school and another school taking those same steps. The problem is that not many people realize how easy it is to begin environmental programs at school, such as paper and food recycling programs or even commuting to school in a “green bus.” As stated above, the main problem with environmental programs and transportation is that many people think that these things are too hard to start or too hard to handle. The reality is that setting up a school recycling program is easy. It only takes a few steps to begin one. First, you must decide which materials to recycle. Many items used in school are recyclable, such as paper and food. Next, a group leader or leaders need to be established. It could be a teacher, a parent, an administrator...
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