...Yuliana Liveris Dr. Ana Close English 102 F 04/29/2014 Enlarging Two Languages for the Education in Chicago’s School Having bilingual education in nursery school across Illinois is a valuable practice for children because it is important to acquire two languages with eloquence. Bilingualism is often related to immigration, and this element has developed particular views of approaches to bilingual education in the Chicagoland area. The most important is the distension of the young non-Native English speakers in the early learning. When the children are 3-5 years old going to preschool, Chicago public school places them into bilingual classes because they are identified as dual language learning. By using different theories from the sociological perspective, the set of interrelation of social and pedagogical purposes can be understand from the bilingual classes of preschool in Chicago. First, functionalist perspective emphasizes the interconnection between the different parts that are involved in bilingual education, and how they work together to produce a negative or positive influence. Second, the home culture as the standard focuses its viewpoint by criticizing the value of foreign culture by using the home culture inside the bilingual language and its benefits. Finally, conflict perspective focuses how society presents itself by using power and conflict over the resources and rules of the bilingual classes. Therefore, the sociology perspective can explain the increased...
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...U.S. public school, approximately 5.5 million, which represent about 11% of total number of students, and the percentage of drop outs, about 30% of ELLs, it is understandable that public opinion puts some pressure on the U.S. public school system to adopt the most efficient and adequate system for this growing minority group. The number of ELLs abandoning school has remained high for a long period of time generating serious doubts about the functionality and effectiveness of bilingual education and other programs. Two have been the main reasons attributed for this desertion from classes: the low socioeconomic level of ELLs and language differences. In this context, dual language, one modality of bilingual education, is showing to be able to make students excel in their academic performance and revert negative statistics Currently, in the United States there are two major approaches about how to teach English to those children whose primary language is different from English. The first approach is by immersing them in English only classes. This program was first implemented in California with proposition 227 in 1998 and continued to other states like Arizona and Massachusetts where bilingual education was considered ineffective. The argument is that the sooner the children are exposed or immerse into English the sooner they will grow in all academic subjects. Students with no English will be in immersion classes for no more than a year. Then, they will be taught...
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...Singapore Singapore, a country with mixed nationalities and mixed cultures, attracts numerous culture experts and enthusiasts to study on it. Here in this article, the writers would like to discuss Singapore and introduce Singapore to you from the aspects of the general knowledge of Singapore, the factors that influence the Singaporean culture, Lewis’s theory about cultural categories, Hofstede’s theory about cultural dimensions and Edward’s theory about communication styles. Brief Introduction of Singapore Singapore, officially called the Republic of Singapore, the world's busiest port, though physically small, is an economic giant. It has been Southeast Asia's most modern city for over a century. The name of Singapore comes from Malay language, which can be directly translated into the lion city. Frist of all, Singapore is located in Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia. The main island is about 42kilometres from east to west and 23 kilometers from north to south. Singapore’s total land area, including that of the smaller islands, is 697.1 square kilometers. Singapore's strategic location at the southern tip of the Malaysian peninsula has ensured its importance, which is greater than its size might seem to justify. Singapore consists of the island of Singapore and some 63 islets within its territorial waters. Like most of Southeast Asia, Singapore is generally hot and humid. It's warm and humid year round, with the temperature almost never dropping...
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...UTTARA UNIVERSITY UTTARA DHAKA SUBMITTED TO MD. RAJIB SENIOUR LECTURER OF UTTARA UNIVERSITY SUBMITTED BY UNITY 31ST C-UTTARA UNIVERSITY UNITY Members name | Id no | Aklima khatun koly | F21321111126 | Amena sultana adar | F21321111111 | Musratjahan | F21321111119 | Jarin khan | F21321111107 | SUBJECT – IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISG IN TOURISM The history of tourism The tourism industry is fast becoming an important revenue gene rator for Malaysia. It was another record breaking year as Malaysia registered 17.54 million visitors (17,546,863) in 2006, slight ly surpassing the target of 17.5 million. This is an overall increase of 6.8% compared to the previous year. Thototal tourist receipts for 2006 was RM36.2 billion, an increase of about 13% compared to 2005. This is, however, RM1.4billion less than the targeted figure of RM37.6 billion(Tourism Malaysia, 2007). 2007has been designated by the Malaysian governmentas Visit Malaysia Year with the theme“Celebrating 50 Years of nationhood”. The Prime Minister of Malaysia, YAB Dato' SeriAbdullah Haji Ahmad Badawi officially launched the Visit Malaysia Year (VMY) 2007at 8pm on 6 January 2007, during a grand ceremony...
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...Language and Culture There are many ways in which the phenomena of language and culture are intimately related. Both phenomena are unique to humans and have therefore been the subject of a great deal of anthropological, sociological, and even memetic study. Language, of course, is determined by culture, though the extent to which this is true is now under debate. The converse is also true to some degree: culture is determined by language - or rather, by the replicators that created both, memes. Language as Determined by Culture Early anthropologists, following the theory that words determine thought, believed that language and its structure were entirely dependent on the cultural context in which they existed. This was a logical extension of what is termed the Standard Social Science Model, which views the human mind as an indefinitely malleable structure capable of absorbing any sort of culture without constraints from genetic or neurological factors. In this vein, anthropologist Verne Ray conducted a study in the 1950's, giving color samples to different American Indian tribes and asking them to give the names of the colors. He concluded that the spectrum we see as "green", "yellow", etc. was an entirely arbitrary division, and each culture divided the spectrum separately. According to this hypothesis, the divisions seen between colors are a consequence of the language we learn, and do not correspond to divisions in the natural world. A similar hypothesis is upheld in the...
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...GLA Factors affecting SLA success Topic 4: Factors affecting L2 learning Conceptual objective: the students will be able to enumerate those factors connected to L2 learning success Procedural objective: the students will explore those factors that have promoted their success as language learners, making a chart and comparing it with other people Attitudinal objective: the students will develop a critical attitude towards the causal correlations between factors and learning success Attitudinal objective: the students will realize the need for further research A. Internal/ Individual B. External a. 1. Age 2. Aptitude 3. Motivation and Attitude 4. Personality 5. Cognitive Style 6. Hemisphere specialisation 7. Learning Strategies 1. Learning and Teaching Contexts 2.Teaching a second language: Effects 2.1. Input and interaction: How these elements affect learning A.1. AGE AND L2 LEARNING • Effects of age on RATE of second language learning ΚAdults are superior to children in rate of acquisition ΚOlder children learn more rapidly than younger children ΚWith regards to morphology and syntax, the adolescents do best, followed by the adults and then the children ΚGrammar differences diminish over time, and children begin to catch up, but adults outperform children in the short term Κ Where pronunciation is concerned, adults do not always progress more rapidly than children do Thus: adults learn faster than children, and this is more applicable to grammar than pronunciation, although...
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...during this process. He never missed a single call or a chat message, and was helping me even during the odd hours. He was devoted towards seeing the work done properly. He made to make my research effort a reality and a success at the same time being such a good friend in need. I convey my heartfelt thanks for all these and without him; this project would not have been a success. I would like to thank Mr. Amath at Alethea International School. His advice and suggestions were valuable contributions at the initial stages of the study. I would like to express my deep appreciation to my CEO, Mrs. Kumari Hapugala Perera at Alethea International School for her understanding during the time of the study and encouragement given towards completing my dissertation. I extend my thanks to my dear friend for the constant words of encouragement and support during this study. I convey my heartfelt gratitude to my parents, Mr. D. M. Gunarathe and Mrs. Asoka Gunarathe for being my parents and my teachers in education philosophy. They were my pillars at the time of happiness and sorrow. They encouraged me to do my higher studies after 10 years of a break while providing me an undisturbed environment at home. Throughout this process my mother had become the...
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...Explaining Student Performance Evidence from the international PISA, TIMSS and PIRLS surveys Final Report November 2005 Explaining Student Performance Evidence from the international PISA, TIMSS and PIRLS surveys Jens Henrik Haahr with Thomas Kibak Nielsen, Martin Eggert Hansen and Søren Teglgaard Jakobsen www.danishtechnology.dk jens.henrik.haahr@teknologisk.dk This study was carried out on behalf of the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Education and Culture. Views expressed represent exclusively the positions of the authors and do not necessarily correspond to those of the European Commission. Contents Index 1. .......................................................................................................................... 2 2. 3. 4. Executive Summary................................................................................................. 4 1.1. Education Systems and Basic Skills................................................................. 4 1.2. Student Background Characteristics and Basic Skills.................................... 10 1.3. School Characteristics and Basic Skills ......................................................... 13 1.4. Individual Student Characteristics and Basic Skills....................................... 17 1.5. New Analysis and Data Collection Activities................................................ 19 Introduction........................................................................................
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...Explaining Student Performance Evidence from the international PISA, TIMSS and PIRLS surveys Final Report November 2005 Explaining Student Performance Evidence from the international PISA, TIMSS and PIRLS surveys Jens Henrik Haahr with Thomas Kibak Nielsen, Martin Eggert Hansen and Søren Teglgaard Jakobsen www.danishtechnology.dk jens.henrik.haahr@teknologisk.dk This study was carried out on behalf of the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Education and Culture. Views expressed represent exclusively the positions of the authors and do not necessarily correspond to those of the European Commission. Contents Index 1. .......................................................................................................................... 2 2. 3. 4. Executive Summary................................................................................................. 4 1.1. Education Systems and Basic Skills................................................................. 4 1.2. Student Background Characteristics and Basic Skills.................................... 10 1.3. School Characteristics and Basic Skills ......................................................... 13 1.4. Individual Student Characteristics and Basic Skills....................................... 17 1.5. New Analysis and Data Collection Activities................................................ 19 Introduction....................................................................
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...Language Teaching Methodology Theodore S. Rodgers, Professor Emeritus, University of Hawaii Background Language teaching came into its own as a profession in the last century. Central to this phenomenon was the emergence of the concept of "methods" of language teaching. The method concept in language teaching—the notion of a systematic set of teaching practices based on a particular theory of language and language learning—is a powerful one, and the quest for better methods was a preoccupation of teachers and applied linguists throughout the 20th century. Howatt's (1984) overview documents the history of changes of practice in language teaching throughout history, bringing the chronology up through the Direct Method in the 20th century. One of the most lasting legacies of the Direct Method has been the notion of "method" itself. Language Teaching Methodology Defined Methodology in language teaching has been characterized in a variety of ways. A more or less classical formulation suggests that methodology is that which links theory and practice. Theory statements would include theories of what language is and how language is learned or, more specifically, theories of second language acquisition (SLA). Such theories are linked to various design features of language instruction. These design features might include stated objectives, syllabus specifications, types of activities, roles of teachers, learners, materials, and so forth. Design features in turn are linked...
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...has already had on English language teaching (ELT), the focus of the main part of this paper is on some typical examples of corpus use in three language-pedagogically relevant areas: (1) using corpora for ELT (e.g. producing learner dictionaries); (2) using corpora in the ELT classroom (e.g. in data-driven learning); (3) using learner corpora. With regard to learner corpus research, for example, the paper also sketches out some prospects for future research, e.g. the compilation of local learner corpora. 1 Introduction: the corpus revolution and English language teaching There is general agreement among empirically-oriented linguists that the advent of large, computerised corpora has revolutionised the linguistic description and analysis of the English language. In modern corpus linguistics, not just any group of texts qualifies as a corpus, but it must be "a collection of texts assumed to be representative of a given language, dialect, or other subset of a language" (Francis 1982: 7). Representativeness is a key issue in corpus design because it captures the attempt to compile a database that provides a statistically viable sample of language use in general (or a relevant subsection thereof). In spite of various problems involved in putting the concept of representativeness into practice (cf. Biber 1993), it is only by assuming some sort of representativeness in corpus design that one can extrapolate from corpus findings general trends in language use (cf. Mukherjee 2004a)...
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...up between two cultures; others condemned it because it seemed to blame Mexican Americans for the difficulties they encountered assimilating into mainstream American society. Rodriguez was born in 1944 into an immigrant family outside San Francisco. Though he was unable to speak English when he entered school, his educational career can only be described as brilliant: undergraduate work at Stanford University, graduate study at Berkeley and Columbia, a Fulbright fellowship to study English literature in London, a subsequent grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. In this selection, Rodriguez analyzes the motives that led him to abandon his study of Renaissance literature and return to live with his parents. He is currently an associate editor with the Pacific News Service in San Francisco, an essayist for the Newshour with Jim Lehrer, and a contributing editor for Harper's magazine and for the Opinion section of the Los Angeles Times. His other books include Mexico's Children (1991) and Days of Obligation: An Argument with My Mexican Father (1993), which was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in nonfiction. I stand in the ghetto classroom - "the guest speaker" - attempting to lecture on the mystery of the sounds of our words to rows of diffident students. "Don't you hear it? Listen! The music of our words. ‘Sumer is i-cumen in. . . .’ And songs on the car radio. We need Aretha Franklin's voice to fill plain words with music - her life." In the face of their empty...
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...Using Facebook to Teach Rhetorical Analysis Jane Mathison Fife The attraction of Facebook is a puzzle to many people over the age of thirtyfive, and that includes most college faculty. Yet students confess to spending significant amounts of time on Facebook, sometimes hours a day. If you teach in a computer classroom, you have probably observed students using Facebook when you walk in the room. Literacy practices that fall outside the realm of traditional academic writing, like Facebook, can easily be seen as a threat to print literacy by teachers, especially when they sneak into the classroom uninvited as students check their Facebook profiles instead of participating in class discussions and activities. This common reaction reflects James King and David O’Brien’s (2002: 42) characterization of the dichotomy teachers often perceive between school and nonschool literacy activities (although they are not referring to Facebook specifically): “From teachers’ perspectives, all of these presumably pleasurable experiences with multimedia detract from students’ engagement with their real work. Within the classroom economy technology work is time off task; it is classified as a sort of leisure recreational activity.” This dichotomy can be broken down, though; students’ enthusiasm for and immersion in these nonacademic literacies can be used to complement their learning of critical inquiry and traditional academic concepts like rhetorical analysis. Although they read these texts daily...
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...1 Student Number: 42858798 Module PYC 4807 Assignment 1 Title: Developing a Psychological Measure. 2 Contents Page Title Page 1. Introduction : What is Psychological Testing 2. Development of Psychological Measure 2.1 The planning phase 2.2 Item Writing 2.3 Assembly and Pretesting of measure 2.4 Item Analysis 2.5 Standardisation of the Final version 2.6 Technical Evaluation and establishing norms 2.7 Publishing and ongoing refinement Cross Cultural test adaptation 3. 3.1 Initial Translation 3.2 Synthesis of the Translation 3.3 Back Translation 3.4 Expert Committee 3.5 Test of the prefinal version 3.6 Submission of Documentation 4. Conclusion 5. References 1 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 14 3 1. Introduction: What is Psychological Testing Psychological testing refers to the administration of psychological tests. A psychological test is an objective and standardized measure of sample behaviour . The term sample of behaviour refers to an individual s performance on tasks that have usually been prescribed beforehand. The samples of behaviour that make up a paper and pencil test, the most common type of test, are a series of items. Performances on these items produce a test score. A score on a well constructed test is believed to reflect a psychological construct such as achievement in a school subject , cognitive ability , aptitude, emotional functioning, personality , etc. differences in test...
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...HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2004 Cultural Liberty in Today’s Diverse World Accommodating people’s growing demands for their inclusion in society, for respect of their ethnicity, religion, and language, takes more than democracy and equitable growth. Also needed are multicultural policies that recognize differences, champion diversity and promote cultural freedoms, so that all people can choose to speak their language, practice their religion, and participate in shaping their culture— so that all people can choose to be who they are. 65 108 166 55 34 82 3 14 91 51 40 138 29 62 6 99 161 134 114 66 128 72 33 56 175 173 130 141 4 105 169 167 43 94 73 136 144 168 45 163 48 52 30 32 Albania Algeria Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Congo, Dem. Rep. of the Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic 17 154 95 98 100 120 103 109 156 36 170 81 13 16 122 155 97 19 131 24 93 121 160 172 104 153 115 23 38 7 127 111 101 10 22 21 79 9 90 78 148 28 44 110 135 50 80 Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea...
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