...the role of ethics in public administration practice, and considers the probability of adding an ethical dimension to the public service motivation (PSM) construct. Several scholars have linked PSM with ethical behavior in government. Together theory and research have shown that public servants, when compared to ordinary citizens, are more concerned about ethical considerations at both the individual (personal honesty and integrity) and collective (social justice and fairness) levels in the United States. It may thus be possible for ethics to play a fundamental role in scholarly efforts to define and measure PSM. This paper considers the probability of adding an ethical dimension to public administration construct and helps to clarify the role of ethics in PSM discourse and research (Meguid). PSM has strong ethical connotations and numerous scholars have already connected the concept with ethical behavior in government. Research has shown that public servants, when compared to ordinary citizens, are more concerned about ethical considerations at both the individual (personal honesty and integrity) and collective (social justice and fairness) levels in the United States. There are also historical precedents suggesting that ethics is an influential part of PSM. It may thus be possible for ethics to play a more prominent role in public service motivation disclosure (Meguid)...
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...Motivation in Bangladesh Public Sector Introduction: Motivation is an individual characteristics or trait that make people accomplish a work in a higher degree of intensity and persistence toward a specific direction. Motivation in Organization is an important factor whether it is intrinsic or extrinsic (Deci, 2000). The word motivation has got its root from the word ‘motivate’ which means to move, push or influence someone to forward with fulfilment of a want (Kamalian, 2010). According to Bartol and Martin (1998) motivation is a power that strengthens behavior, paves route to behavior, and triggers the tendency to continue (Fard, 2010). As we know there are several theories and notion regarding motivation where some people argues that it is a completely intrinsic trait of the individual. Again some describe it as the empowerment from environment and the other group belief that different people need different types of motivational factors (Robbins, 2014). Among various motivational theories the following two case studies of Bangladesh interact with Maslow’s hierarchy need theory and Herzberg’s two factors theory of needs. Maslow’s Hierarchy Theory: Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of need theory is the best-known theory of motivation. Every human being has a hierarchy of five needs where right after the fulfilment of a need or demand, the next need becomes most influential, he argued. These are Physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, self-actualization...
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...A CASE STUDY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS PERCEPTION OF MOTIVATION IN THE BELIZE PUBLIC SERVICE CAVEHILL SCHOOL OF BUSINESS UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES BUSINESS RESEARCH- PSM FINAL PROJECT 2013/2014 JUNE, 2013 Acknowledgements First of all, thanks be to my Lord Jesus for the strength and determination in whom I leaned on to finish this task. My heartfelt appreciation goes out to family for bearing patience and understanding for the times I was not around. Thanks to my lecturer, Dr. Natamisha Goring, for her time and sincere guidance in the completion of this paper. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary……………………………………. 4 Introduction………………………………………………. 5 -6 Literature Review……………..………………………. 7 - 9 Methodology ………………………………………….... 10 - 15 Study Design Participants Research Instrument Data Collection Proposed Data Analysis Anticipated Limitations and Challenges Bibliography…………………….………….. 16-17 Appendices …………………………………. 18-23 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This case study examines new initiatives aimed at motivating junior officers within the Public Service to be more effective, efficient and productive. These initiatives describe motivation within the context of drive reduction theory and Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs. The study will also measure employee satisfaction as it relates to current incentives...
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...The Role of Motivation, Commitment and Leadership in Strengthening Public Service Performance Adrian Ritz University of Bern Centre of Competence for Public Management Schanzeneckstrasse 1, P. B. 8573 CH-3001 Bern Switzerland Objective •This correlation between leadership behavior, motivation, and commitment in public institutions is examined in this article. It is highly relevant, both theoretically and practically, for explaining in a better manner the basic area of conflict between managerialistic steering principles and incentive mechanisms, on the one hand, and the public interest for managing state institutions, on the other. • In this article, prior research is augmented by new perspectives and empirical results from Switzerland on the relationship between motivation, leadership behavior, and performance in the Swiss federal administration. The article deals, on the one hand, with the relationship between public sector motivation (PSM), job satisfaction, organizational commitment (OC), and leadership behavior and, on the other hand, with the influence of these variables on the internal efficiency of public administrations. Hypothesis H1: The higher the Public Service Motivation, the higher the organization’s internal efficiency. H2: The greater the Organizational Commitment, the higher the internal efficiency of the organization. H3: Employees with higher Public Service Motivation exhibit greater Organizational Commitment. H4: The greater the job satisfaction...
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...discuss the public service culture present in the case and explain why Wise argues that public service motivation is found more in the government than in the private sector Public service cultures are those set-spoken and unseen rules in an institution or an organization. Public sector motivation is the way people respond to this rules whether positively or negatively. There are three forms of public motivation namely rational, norm-based and effective motivation. Rational motivation refers to when an individual wants to serve in advocating for a particular policy or rule that is important to him. Norm-based motivation can be said to be when the public servant is loyal to his duties while effective motivation is the pursuit of a noble course, that is, by heart. In the case of Bernadine Healy, public service culture presents itself inform of rational motivation. It is evidently seen that Healy follows what is of interest to her rather than what her heart tells her. Moreover, as the directors say, “red cross is about what your heart feels not what you think is right” (Sontag, 2001). Wise argues that public service motivation is felt more in the government as compared to the private sector. This is true because in many private sector institutions, there is a kind of dictatorial leadership leaving no room for suggestion. In a government institution, the civil servants are free to make any suggestions and perform their work as they please Discuss if Healy’s motivation for accepting...
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...Factors affecting motivation in public organizations Project Report Factors affecting motivation in public organizations Project Report Motivation in Public Organisations _________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract Motivation is known as important as other factors for achieving the organisational goals. The high motivation led the employees to the extreme commitment with the organisation goals. Similarly high employee motivation leads to greater employee creativity and productivity, in this survey it has been found that the two independent variables, which are quality supervision and participation, are positively related to the dependent variable, motivation. The participation has a strong relationship level than the quality supervision with motivation. Results highlighted that all the tested variables are positively correlated but correlation of participation and quality of supervision are 0.52 and 0.30, respectively. Key Words: (Quality of supervision, Participation, Motivation, Public sector). Introduction Motivation is a force that drives people to do things. Employees are normally motivated to achieve their needs, whatever they may include. Motivation may be intrinsic or extrinsic. This is what we call motivation. Employees of a company will be motivated if they associate certain incentives with an activity of work. It been seen in India that the employees in the public sector organisations are not motivated...
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...EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION ON ORGANISATION PERFORMANCE (A CASE STUDY OF CASE STUDY OF COCACOLA KWANZA COMPANY DAR ES SALAAM TANZANIA) BY OMARI RAHA SHEDRACK A Research Proposal Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Human resources Management of Tumaini University Makumira-Dar es salaam College. 2015 IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION ON ORGANISATION PERFORMANCE: (A CASE STUDY OF CASE STUDY OF COCACOLA KWANZA COMPANY DAR ES SALAAM TANZANIA) BY OMARI RAHA SHEDRACK Supervisor: Dr. J. Mwita A Research Proposal Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Human resources Management of Tumaini University Makumira-Dar es salaam College. 2015 ABSTRACT The study aims at assessing the impact of employee motivation on organization performance so as to help the organization know the contribution of motivation to them. This study will be carried out at Coca-Cola Kwanza Company limited at Dar es Salaam Tanzania. The study have the objectives of assessing various motivational packages for the staff of Coca cola Company Limited, to determine which of these motivational packages influence staff performance at Coca Cola Kwanza Company Limited, to assess the effect of motivational packages on corporate performance at Coca Cola kwanza Company limited, and to examine the motivation strategies of motivating employees The study is expected to help employers to determine whether motivation packages...
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...develops an overview of international motivation theories and researches initiatives that the Queensland Government implement to retain employees. Moreover, it comprehensively analyses how motivation can directly influence on the improvement of services; increase of work satisfaction, employee loyalty, commitment and performance and modification of ethical behaviour. Finally, personal views are presented providing a wealth of personal experience emphasising the diverse incentive methodology in Queensland Government. Research has shown that one of the factors of business success depend on the effective management of employment performance through motivation. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the interconnection between motivation, incentives and performance. In the last ten years organisational behaviour has become a key topic on strategic business development among managers (Harris & Hartman, 2002ii) to reduce employment absences, low performance, staff turnover and poor customer service. MOTIVATION IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR Motivation is a difficult trend which can be influenced by many internal and external sources and has been theorised by many academics. There are as many philosophies as there are opportunities, therefore success can be achieved through implementation, evaluation and correction of different theories. In early 1990, Perry and Wise proposed the concept of Public Service Motivation (PSM). The writers explain that public servants hold a combination of values...
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...assumption on an individual, work process or any other target. Wrongful social perceptions, such as fundamental attribution error that arises when one person mistakes another person's characteristics as the cause of a negative event, can lead to problems in organizational behavior. Perceptions Affecting Motivation A worker's social perception of others within the organization can affect his motivation to complete work effectively to a large degree. Motivation within an organization remains high if a worker perceives that there are opportunities for personal development or professional advancement, if he feels capable of completing tasks correctly and is involved with various organizational decision-making and goal-setting processes. Motivation can be reduced if the worker perceives a lack of opportunity for growth, a lack of involvement or a lack of opportunities to demonstrate any creativity. This holds true in volunteer organizations as well, as described in Miami University's student leadership material, "Why Volunteers/Group Members Lose Interest." Related Reading: Consumer Perception Theory Changing Perceptions to Improve Motivation Worker output and motivation can be affected by changing the working conditions that are causing negative organizational behaviors. Reducing the size of work groups may allow an employee to feel as though he has a greater input in the work output. Providing time for easy social interaction can improve social...
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...reform and public sector health worker motivation: a conceptual framework Lynne Miller Francoa,*, Sara Bennettb, Ruth Kanferc a University Research Co., LLC, Partnerships for Health Reform Project, 4800 Montgomery Lane, Bethesda MD 20814, USA b Abt Associates, Partnerships for Health Reform Project, 4800 Montgomery Lane, Bethesda MD 20814, USA c Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA Abstract Motivation in the work context can be defined as an individual’s degree of willingness to exert and maintain an effort towards organizational goals. Health sector performance is critically dependent on worker motivation, with service quality, efficiency, and equity, all directly mediated by workers’ willingness to apply themselves to their tasks. Resource availability and worker competence are essential but not sufficient to ensure desired worker performance. While financial incentives may be important determinants of worker motivation, they alone cannot and have not resolved all worker motivation problems. Worker motivation is a complex process and crosses many disciplinary boundaries, including economics, psychology, organizational development, human resource management, and sociology. This paper discusses the many layers of influences upon health worker motivation: the internal individual-level determinants, determinants that operate at organizational (work context) level, and determinants stemming from interactions with the broader societal culture. Worker motivation will be...
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...CHAPTER 1 The Problem and Its Background Introduction In economics, the private sector1 is that part of the economy which is run by private individuals or groups, usually as a means of enterprise for profit, and is not controlled by the state. By contrast, enterprises that are part of the state are part of the public sector; private, non-profit organizations are regarded as part of the voluntary sector. The Public Sector2, sometimes referred to as the state sector is a part of the state that deals with either the production, delivery and allocation of goods and services by and for the government or its citizens, whether national, regional or local/municipal. Job satisfaction3 describes how content an individual is with his or her job. The happier people are within their job, the more satisfied they are said to be. Job satisfaction is not the same as motivation, although it is clearly linked. Job design aims to enhance job satisfaction and performance, methods include job rotation, job enlargement and job enrichment. Other influences on satisfaction include the management style and culture, employee involvement, empowerment and autonomous work position . Job satisfaction is a very important attribute which is frequently measured by organizations. The most common way of measurement is the use of rating scales where employees report their reactions to their jobs. Questions related to rate of pay, work responsibilities, variety of tasks, promotional opportunities,...
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...so they need that reassurance that they know what they’re saying and being able to trust them. This is something that is really important that a leader has, as I believe that many organisations would fail in fulfilling their message if there was no trust involved. Being credible is more of a quality than a skill, but it’s a crucial factor that needs to be taken into account. In public service organisations, the public look up to them and are trusted to carry out the work that will safeguard and protect them, if a leader of a team cannot be credible to their team, then trust in that organisation is either lost or lowered. Motivation Motivation is the desire or willingness to do something. This is usually in the form of enthusiasm and giving others supportive words that energise them and get them to reach their goal/s. Team leaders need the skill to motivate others, as they’ll be times when their team lack motivation and don’t really want to do something that they’re being asked of, so therefore a team leader needs excellent motivation skills to get them going again. In public services, motivation is needed so that teams can actively and successfully carry out tasks, with the enthusiasm and drive from their leader. It can be difficult to motivate others, especially if the weather doesn’t play in your favour, or if your own personal life gets in the way. A strong team leader will be able to put these aside and be able to carry on and motivate their team, even if life seems...
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...FACTORS AFFECTING TEACHER MOTIVATION IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN THIKA WEST DISTRICT, KIAMBU COUNTY BY TERESA KEMUNTO NYAKUNDI A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF MASTER OF EDUCATION IN THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION OF KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OCTOBER, 2012 DECLARATION This Research Project is my original work and has not been presented to any other university for a degree or any other award. Signature________________________________ Date__________________________ TERESA KEMUNTO NYAKUNDI REG. E55/CE/14342/2009 This Research Project has been submitted for examination with our approval as University Supervisors: Signature_______________________ Date ________________________ Prof. Grace Bunyi Associate Professor Department of Educational Management, Policy and Curriculum Studies, School of Education Kenyatta University Signature_______________________ Date ________________________ Dr. Libese Senior lecturer Department of Educational Management, Policy and Curriculum Studies, School of Education Kenyatta University ii DEDICATION I dedicate this study to my family. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I acknowledge my supervisors Prof. Grace Bunyi and Dr. L.I Libese for their guidance during the writing of this project. If it were not for their guidance, this work could not have been a success. I also acknowledge teachers and principals of public secondary schools in Thika West District ...
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...Company Motivational Profile Paper: SOUTHWEST AIRLINES PSY/320 Human Motivation March 05, 2014 Job Redesign and Workplace Rewards Assessment Paper Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E), incorporated in California in 1905, is one of the largest combination natural gas and electric utilities in the United States. There are approximately 20,000 employees who carry out PG&E Company's primary business, the transmission and delivery of energy. The company provides natural gas and electric service to approximately 15 million people throughout a 70,000-square-mile service area in northern and central California. PG&E Company and other utilities in the state are regulated by the California Public Utilities Commission. The CPUC was created by the state Legislature in 1911. The CPUC regulates privately owned electric, natural gas, telecommunications, water, railroad, rail transit, and passenger transportation companies. The CPUC serves the public interest by protecting consumers and ensuring the provision of safe, reliable utility service and infrastructure at reasonable rates, with a commitment to environmental enhancement and a healthy California economy. (State of California, 2007) Here are some fast facts about PG&E: * Service area stretches from Eureka in the north to Bakersfield in the south, and from the Pacific Ocean in the west to the Sierra Nevada in the east. * More than 141,215 circuit miles of electric lines. * More than 42,141 miles of natural gas...
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...Motivation in the workplace: using the right financial reward system in Indonesian public sector INTRODUCTION Indonesia is one the most populous nation in the world, which happen to sit in one the most dynamic region between Australia and Asian industrial countries like Japan, China and South Korea. With Asia and Australia nearby, Indonesia is trying to leverage its strategic position by building its economic capacity. As commonly seen in developing country, Indonesia’s public sector is seen as inadequately equipped to bolster development in Indonesia. As a way to increase its economic development, Indonesian government decided to initiate bureaucratic reform for its public employee. This bureaucratic reform is intended to improve public service, which is plagued by corruption (Wihantoro et al. 2015). It is expected that the improvement of public sector could lead to better service and good governance which in turn would improve people’s satisfaction. Despite the effort by the government of Indonesia, public service in Indonesian remains mediocre at best and there are still a lot of room for improvement in Indonesian public sector. Traditionally the pay structure for civil servant in Indonesia is using membership-based and seniority based rewards, which does not lend itself well into motivating high performing employee. The bureaucratic reform then introduced the concept of job status-based rewards combined with seniority-based rewards in which civil servant still received...
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