...oriented, transparent, responsive, effective and efficient, allows specialization. It is responsive to the present and future needs of the society. Environmental sustainability involves making decisions and taking actions that are in the interest of protecting the natural world with emphasis on preserving the capability of the environment. Environmental sustainability is not just about reducing the amount of waste or using less energy, but it’s concerned with developing processes that will lead to a sustainable future. Many cities are responsible for polluting the environment in ways that are not sustainable. Environmental sustainability forces people to look beyond short term gains and look at the long term impact they are going to have on the natural world. Good governance of cities in order to control unwanted waste and pollution can help attain a sustainable environment. A city that incorporates economic, ecological and equity dimensions in its development choices would lead towards environmental sustainability. A society can thrive only when all members feel they have a...
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...New growth through productivity and knowledge * Prudent public finance Our economic fundamentals need to be rooted in stable prices, productivity, and a high level of savings. Our goals will not only be GDP-focused, but balanced with equitable wealth distribution and enhanced wellbeing. * Increasing private investment and consumption * New growth through productivity and knowledge * Prudent public finance Six strategic thrusts will address the end-to-end needs of the rakyat 1- Enhancing inclusiveness towards and equitable society 2- Improving wellbing for all 3- Accelerating human capital development for an advanced nation 4- Pursuing green growth for sustainability and resilience 5- Strengthening infrastructure to support economic expansion 6- Re-engineering growth for greater prosperity Six strategic thrusts will address the end-to-end needs of the rakyat 7- Enhancing inclusiveness towards and equitable society 8- Improving wellbing for all 9- Accelerating human capital development for an advanced nation 10- Pursuing green growth for sustainability and resilience 11- Strengthening infrastructure to support...
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...Has modern Liberalism betrayed its' classical principles? By Sophia Harris Classical liberals have argued that modern liberals have departed from the original ideas of liberalism as their new beliefs embrace collectivism instead of individualism. However, others argue that although both modern and classical liberals diverge on many areas, such as freedom, it is still said that modern liberals have a fundamental foundation of caring for the individual. Firstly, classical liberals are seen as extremely egotistical and 'utility maximisers' as they believe in self-interest; believing all humans have the natural ability to decide the rightness of a situation to make the outcome more pleasurable, i.e. to maximise pleasure and minimise pain. As liberalism promotes self interest, it stongly opposes the idea of paternalistic conservatism, meaning no one can judge another's degree or quality of happiness. Secondly, classical liberals also promote negative freedom, believing that there should be no intervention from any state or instituion which can restrict the individual externally. They believe all citizens under a state should be totally equal, influencing enforcement of the Rule of Law. John Locke, a famous enlightenment thinker and profoundly titled 'The Father of Classical Liberalism' stated that the state should be seen as a 'nightwatchman', i.e. to be as minimal as possible and only take jurisdiction in areas such as property, liberty and life. Usually the state is seen as...
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...What is Social Enterprise? A social enterprise is an organization that applies commercial strategies to maximize improvements in human and environmental well-being, rather than maximizing profits for external shareholders. Social enterprises can be structured as a for-profit or non-profit, and may take the form of a co-operative, mutual organization, a disregarded entity, a social business, or a charity organization Many commercial enterprises would consider themselves to have social objectives, but commitment to these objectives is motivated by the perception that such commitment will ultimately make the enterprise more financially valuable. Social enterprises differ in that, inversely, they do not aim to offer any benefit to their investors, except where they believe that doing so will ultimately further their capacity to realize their social and environmental goals. The term has a mixed and contested heritage due to its philanthropic roots in the US, and cooperative roots in the UK, EU and Asia. In the US, the term is associated with 'doing charity by doing trade', rather than 'doing charity while doing trade'. In other countries, there is a much stronger emphasis on community organizing, democratic control of capital and mutual principles, rather than philanthropy. In recent years, there has been a rise in the concept of social purpose businesses which pursue social responsibility directly, or raise funds for charitable projects. Many entrepreneurs, whilst running...
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...PORTFOLIOS: AN ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABLE SOURCING MARK PAGELL York University ZHAOHUI WU Oregon State University MICHAEL E. WASSERMAN Clarkson University Kraljic is widely viewed as a driving force behind the concepts of supply management and purchasing portfolios. Kraljic proposed that supply management professionals needed to engage in a new approach, embracing globalization, technology and risk. This article marked a critical juncture for supply chain management. Almost three decades later, it is evident that the purchasing portfolio concept has been widely adopted as an effective practitioner tool and a well-accepted tenet in the supply chain management literature. However, a recently completed study yielded interesting evidence of a potential shift in supply chain management, specifically, in sustainable sourcing. We recently observed that a number of leaders in sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) were not organizing purchasing portfolios in the manner suggested by Kraljic. We found organizations buying what would traditionally be leveraged commodities in a manner more appropriate for strategic suppliers. This unexpected observation suggests that the supply chain field may face another critical juncture, this time related to SSCM. This manuscript describes the observed phenomena and then, using an inductive approach, enhances the existing theory to explain what was observed. The end result is a modified sustainable purchasing portfolio model that...
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...The effects of APEC To ensure the safety of the economic leaders and delegates in Manila, tight security was enforced. This included road closures and rerouting schemes of major thoroughfares — such as EDSA and Roxas Boulevard — that resulted in traffic disruptions in The APEC lane along EDSA extension in Pasay City. the metro. Most motorists and commuters complained of the traffic schemes adjustments, which forced them to walk to their destination. Several airlines canceled their flights to make way for the arrival and departures of the APEC participants. Philippine Airlines said it lost an estimated P870 million, while Cebu Pacific lost around P400 million. A number of people also took to the streets and staged protests, denouncing the APEC and the leaders of its 21 member economies. Quiz: Can you recognize these world leaders? Was the summit a success? The Philippines reportedly allotted P10 billion to stage the week-long APEC activities. Ambassador Marciano Paynor Jr., director general of the APEC National Organizing Council, said the expenses in hosting the event was an investment. He added that the traffic and inconvenience the summit caused is "a little sacrifice compared to the benefits that we will gain out of our membership from APEC." Related: APEC gains not quantified, says economists But former Budget Secretary Benjamin Diokno said the P10 billion the government spent was too much. He said that it could have been cheaper if the APEC leaders' meeting was held outside...
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...needs while preserving the ability of future generations to do the same. A sustainable Claremont is a community that balances social needs, environmental health and economic prosperity while not depleting or degrading its natural resources, creating social inequities, or limiting our prospects for continued economic prosperity.” The sustainability plan includes goals, indicators, numeric targets and actions. The city has a very well defined framework that has been in place since October 28th, 2008. The framework has specific implementation processes that are rated based on their estimated cost, benefit, and feasibility. Claremont also has set up an annual sustainability report card program. The plan requires the City Council to approve an annual Report Card that describes the city’s progress towards the indicators and indicator targets described in the goal areas. The Report Card is designed to help the public understand the current status of major areas of concern, whether the situation around each is improving or worsening, and how far they are from success There are 7 goals areas, with multiple goals related to that goal area. The seven goal areas were decided upon within city council meetings, taking into account suggestions from citizens as well through city council meetings and forums. The seven goal areas are resource conservation, environment and public health, transportation, sustainable built environment, open space and land use, housing and economic sustainability...
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...What is green building and why does it matter? For today’s Europe, green building represents one of the most significant and exciting opportunities for sustainable growth on both a national and a global scale. The design of our built environment impacts us all, as well as our economies and the natural environment, and Green Building Councils are driving its transformation towards sustainability. The design… ...of our homes is fundamental to our quality of life, comfort and how affordable they are to run ...of our workplaces impacts employee productivity, health and the prosperity of our companies ...of our schools leaves a life-long imprint on those who learn within them, influencing pupil concentration and how environmentally aware the next generation is ...of our hospitals affects patient recovery times and national health service bills ...of our cities and communities strongly determines their economic and social dynamics Green building… Takes an intelligent approach to energy • Minimising energy use in all stages of a building’s life-cycle, making new and renovated buildings more comfortable, less expensive to run and helping building users learn to be efficient too. • Integrating renewable and low carbon technologies to supply buildings’ energy needs, once design has maximised inbuilt and natural efficiencies. Why does it matter? Promotes health and well-being • Bringing a breath of fresh air inside, delivering high indoor air quality through...
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...Rhetorical Analysis Many agree that exploiting impoverished people as a source for cheap labor and consequentially cheap products is a morally unacceptable practice. However, the problem of sweatshops remains prominent in our globalized world. Tara J. Radin and Martin Calkins explore this problem in “The Struggle Against Sweatshops: Moving Toward Responsible Global Business” by breaking down their essay into two primary sections. The first describes the difficulties of both external and internal forces in permanently discarding sweatshops while the second division highlights the complexity behind any plausible solution. While the content of this article is of elevated interest, more important for our purpose is the success behind their rhetoric. They utilize the emotions of an audience on an already sensitive topic while simultaneously providing evidence from a variety of environments and sources to point out that their conclusive recommendations are of great value when the urge to change the manner in which we get products finally sets in. In their essay “The Struggle Against Sweatshops: Moving Toward Responsible Global Business”, Radin and Calkins both inform and persuade their audience at an effective level through their credibility, emotion, and logic—ethos, pathos, and logos, respectively—to conclusively come about at more fully understanding the need for reform in global labor markets. I will first define ethos followed by an analysis and illustration of the rhetoric...
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...Responsibility & CSR in Global Companies Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is defined as the voluntary activities undertaken by a company to operate in an economic, social and environmentally sustainable manner. Corporate Social Responsibility in the Mining Sector in Peru seeks to take a first step towards meaningful dialogue about CSR among the different actors involved to help civil society obtain the highest benefits from CSR policies and actions implemented by government and corporations. A legislative proposal on the topic of corporate social responsibility was introduced in Peru in 2005, but it was never implemented and thus there is still no legislation governing CSR in Peru. Small businesses who deal domestically tend to place much less emphasis on operating responsibly than the major companies who rely mainly on exports. Most CSR initiative in Peru seems to come from international organizations and intermediaries; the Swiss AVINA, Kellog, Interamerican, and Ford Foundations are all examples of the attempt to raise CSR awareness. Benefits of CSR Peru’s rapid economic expansion has helped to reduce the national poverty rate by almost 15%, but 44.5% of the population still live below the poverty line. Not all Peruvians share the benefits of the country’s ever-increasing prosperity, while general disregard from the government and lack of infrastructure inhibit growth in Peru’s less developed regions. In 2007, Peru’s real GDP growth was 8.3%, the highest in Latin America...
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...Unwinding complex systems, fostering innovation and controlling climate change Stepping towards global prosperity in a greener environment Shitij Nigam mail.snigam@gmail.com Introduction The question of climate change - and whether to tackle it or not - has always probed the minds of policy makers. Indeed, the issue of how it may be technologically tackled is solved to a certain extent. But whether such solutions may be implemented in a sustainable manner, and which hold grounds with the interests of all stakeholders – demands a higher level of scrutiny, especially into the consequences of taking overtly aggressive actions. Indeed, Environmentalists have been continuously plagued by Economists regarding the viability of any steps which might be taken in this arena, especially in policy-making, given the substantial amount of initial investment involved in ‘green’ projects, supplemented by the fact that the rates of returns remain inevitably slow, if not supplemented by uncertainty in most cases. The term “Emerging Markets” has been loosely thrown around the table for the past few years, being crudely defined as ‘nations with social or business activity in the process of rapid growth and industrialization’[1]. China and India instantly come to mind as perfect examples of such ‘markets’, given their perception as future cash-cows, owing to the vast scope of industrial expansion, especially within themselves – owing to the aggregated strength of their respective populations...
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...School of Business and Finance, Riga, Latvia K.Valdemara iela 161, LV-1013 E-mail: abrivere@td.lv Abstract: The objective of human actions eventually is prosperity – happiness for all the people. Prosperity is constituted not only by individual wealth but by the environment as well. A typical misunderstanding in the public opinion in Eastern Europe, and particularly Latvia, is overly narrow understanding of the concept of environment – only as the nature environment. This leads to overly narrow understanding of green economics and thereby not sufficient measures of public policy. The paper deals with overview of environmental changes in Latvia during the period of last twenty years, paying attention to social, legal, political, economic and cultural environment herewith the nature environment. The efforts to measure the state of these environments with quantitative measures, usually scalar measure for each aspect of environment (like Gini index for social environment) are not sufficient to make such kind of conclusions like Kuznet’s curve hypothesis. The idea of Kuznet’s curve is discussed, paying attention to structure and pace of economic growth, considering both social and ecological aspects, empirically based on case of Latvia. The possible ways of solution for the problems, which threaten prosperity, are discussed opposing globalization to localization. The main belief is that the problems, which prima facie do not have solutions in globalization, can be solved...
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...JAMAICA TRANSPORT HORACE M. WHITE AMERICAN MILITARY UNIVERSITY HRMT600 Human Resource Management Overall planning context Like all Organizations, Jamaica Transport (KIN) constantly has to adapt to external and internal changes. External changes such as economic situations, increased global commerce, new security threats or emerging environmental priorities impact directly on the organization’s business and HR plans. Internal changes, such as the need to carry out the organization’s business differently through risk management systems or a shrinking pool of skilled employees in our workforce, have equally important impacts on KIN’s business and HR plans. KIN must ensure that its current and future work, workforce and workplace are properly aligned and integrated with its goals and priorities. It has become clear that the organization’s most critical challenge is to recruit and retain the skilled workforce required to keep pace with change. This is further complicated by retirements, which bring loss of expertise, particularly among managers, as well as professional and technical employees. However, it is important to note that given the recent shift in the economic situation, the risk associated with these challenges might be diminished. Living in a changing environment brings new opportunities that might be reflected in the need to adjust and realign KIN’s focus and strategies. This reality requires strategic responses through a rigorous and...
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...Executive Summary The Bogor Declaration made in the 1994 Summit meeting was spectacular achievement establishing in ultimate direction of the APEC progress. The goals of “free trade and investment in the region” clearly asks the member economies to make commitments to liberalize their trade and investment regime. Unfortunately, however, the progress to achieve the Bogor goals for the past 10 years has been so disappointing and undermined the momentum of the APEC process. He comes the importance of Bogor Goals. In spite of varying perception, it is the single most important goal of APEC cooperation. Next session will be more on ASEAN summit in Singapore 1992. And will show its ASEAN free trade area as a framework of initial cooperation. The third session will be much more interesting, will report about Osaka Agenda 1995 its 3 pillars of action, Shanghai Accord 2001 on trade facilitation plan and the APEC meeting in Busan 2005 for mid term stock. The mid term stock relates to the Bogor Declaration of 1994. The Bogor Goals set out in the declaration underpin all APEC plans and actions. Specifically, all member economies have determined to realize free and open trade. Table of Contents 1.0 Research into the original goals of forming APEC as an informal grouping 2.0 Include the resolutions of ASEAN Summit in Singapore in 1992 in launching an ASEAN Free Trade Area schedule as a framework of initial cooperation 3.0 Elaborate on the following...
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...Galliara CSR-HLL -1- Hindustan Lever Limited Meeting Everyday Needs of People Everywhere Introduction* NMIMS Hindustan Lever Limited (HLL) is India's largest fast moving consumer goods company, with leadership in Home & Personal Care Products and Foods & Beverages. HLL's brands, spread across 20 distinct consumer categories, touch the lives of two out of three Indians. They endow the company with a scale of combined volumes of about 4 million tonnes and sales of Rs.10,000 crores. HLL has 32,400 employees (40,000 including Group Companies) at present, including about 1,425 managers. Financial status: 2003 figures (Rs. Lacs) Gross Turnover: 11096,02 Turnover/ Sales: 10138,35 Net Profit: 1771,79 Unilever holds 51.55% of the equity in HLL. HLL is India's largest marketer of Soaps, Detergents and Home Care products. It has the country’s largest Personal Products business, leading in Shampoos, Skin Care Products, Colour Cosmetics, and Deodorants. HLL is also the market leader in Tea, Processed Coffee, branded Wheat Flour, Tomato Products, Ice cream, Soups, Jams and Squashes. HLL is also one of the country's biggest exporters and has been recognized as a Golden Super Star Trading House by the Government of India; it is a net foreign exchange earner. HLL is India's largest exporter of branded fast moving consumer goods. The diverse products range is manufactured in over 100 factories located across the length and breadth of India and 28 of them in backward areas. The Khamgaon...
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