...Zimbabwe: Water Quality Supplies Fast Deteriorating The Herald (Harare) By Sifelani Tsiko Harare THE pollution of rivers, lakes and aquifers from domestic and industrial wastewater discharges, mining runoff, agro-chemicals and other sources is now a growing threat to water resources in most countries in southern Africa. According to a new report titled "Water Quality Management and Pollution Control" in Southern Africa compiled by Prof Ngonidzashe Moyo, a freshwater biologist at the University of Limpopo in South Africa, and Sibekhile Mtetwa and other water resources development experts, the quality of water supplies in the Sadc region, once taken for granted, is becoming the focus of increasing concern. The water experts say the solid, liquid and particulate waste by-products of urbanisation and economic activities are contaminating air, soil and water quality. Water pollution has affected water quality and impacted negatively on public health and functioning of ecosystems including the rising cost of water treatment. The report suggests that the main sources of water pollution are untreated or partially treated effluents from municipal, industrial and mining wastewater discharges. Runoff from small-scale mining operations, urban stormwater and runoff from agricultural, livestock and poultry operations have also impaired the quality of water in the Sadc region. In Zimbabwe, the discharge of industrial and municipal effluent has heavily polluted Lake Chivero, Harare's principal...
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...Clean Water The Controversy Up until the mid-20th century it was practice for cities to use bays, harbors, and rivers as dumping grounds and sewage run off. In fact major industrial parks built their waste pipes to spill directly into some of the rivers and lakes we use today as recreation (Congressional Digest, 1985). These are some of the Point Sources of water pollution. These are places that can be directly identified as points of pollution like city storm and sewer drains, sewage treatment plants ("Clean water act," 1972). Then there is a non-point source which is a combination of smaller sources that collect into lakes, rivers, and streams. These can come from agriculture farms or even contaminated wash from our freeways and roads. There are almost an infinite amount of water pollutants that run off into our waterways each day. Pathogens such has salmonella, novo virus, and parasitic worms grow and thrive within our waters. Chemicals such as insecticides, herbicides run off from farms and other agriculture areas. Storm water runoff can introduce many types of fuels and oils, and heavy metals. Then there is immense amount of industrial waste like ammonia, sulfur dioxide from power plants, trash from illegal dumping (Pitt, 2001). It’s it important to ensure our fresh water resources are protected and ensured. Although in most industrialized countries access to clean water is at 100 percent; in places such as Uganda and Mozambique where only 52% of the...
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...helping conserve the environment they live in. When it comes to air pollution, global climate change, changes in natural habitat, and water pollution I as a consumer negatively impact those four problems. With air pollution I affect it negatively by driving a car, running electricity, and other ways like using the stove in the kitchen. I affect climate change by driving a car, by buying things that come from factories that release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, and by using electricity. When it comes to changes in natural habitat I impact it by living in a house that was built on natural habitat which then forced the environment to change, also by going to the mall and other stores that were built upon natural habitat. I impact water pollution by using harmful pesticides, buying food that comes from farms that irrigate, by wasting water like letting the faucet run, also by using fertilizer. Those are just some of the ways I as a consumer impact Earth’s environment. The five levels on which people can participate in working towards a sustainable future are as follows, individual lifestyle changes, political involvement, membership participation N60s, volunteer, and career choices. I can modify my lifestyle to better impact the environment by these five levels. Starting with individual lifestyle changes I can start by turning things off in the house when they’re not in use. I can also start by using less water and electricity. Political wise I can join the community board to...
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...also see that Lake Huron is connected to Lake Michigan through the straights of St. Mary’s River. It is a fact that this lake was the first Great Lakes to be discovered by European explorers. It is also a reality that Lake Heron has become a victim to water pollution over recent years. This has become a major issue for Coastal Conversationalist. Lake Huron has become a major dumping ground for many different types of pollutants. These pollutants enter the lakes fresh water and are commonly classified by point source or non-point source pollution. Point source can usually be traced back to the specific location and source of culprit. Dumping of hazardous chemical depositions or nuclear waste from industrial and treatment facilities is an example of point source pollution. Because point source pollution can be traced back to the owner it is the easiest source of pollution to control and regulate. The Clean Water Act of 1972 made industrial plants use control measures to reduce toxic discharge. This Act helped to put a restraint on the lakes water pollution. In contrast, Non-point source pollution is the cumulative result of our everyday personal actions and our local land use policies. Another term for non-point source pollution is runoff. The major types of pollutants carried...
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...Week 5 – Water Quality and Contamination Final Lab Rona Harris SCI 207: Dependence of Man on the Environment Instructor: Jacqueline Poole 10/6/2013 Week 5 – Water Quality and Contamination Final Lab Abstract Testing of how ground water is affected by different contaminants was the bases of the experiment. The results were interesting in that when vinegar is filtered through dirt it came out fairly clean. This is surprising because I did not think that any of the contaminants used would affect the water the way it did with vinegar. I figured all the water would have dirt mixed in with the water that was filtered. This shows that maybe we can find a way to find a safer choice on how we filter and purify water. Introduction In this Lab we will explore how contaminants affect the water supply. Contaminants can be anything from human waste, chemicals used in farming and industrial factories to the laundry detergent and cooking oil that you use at home. We are going to asking how and why this affects us when we drink water from the faucet. One contaminant that is found in water is lead. Studies have shown that lead can led to developmental delays in kids and can cause cancer in adults. According to Bruce Lanphear a pediatric epidemiologist, “Lead in water is an underappreciated service of lead intake" (Renner, 2009. A544) It is estimated that 10-20% of children are exposed to lead through the drinking water according to the Centers for Disease Control and...
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...factors of the stream determined how many fish and water invertebrates we found in the different areas. Introduction / Purpose The section of Kickapoo Creek we were at was located off of Loxa Rd. between Mattoon and Charleston. Group C was about a fourth of a mile down the creek. It was very hot (about 84-85 degrees) with a slight breeze. The stream was wide but shallow, and felt cool in the hot air. The stream was curved shaped and had no slope to it. It had a lot of leaves, twigs, and logs in the water. There were also some tires at the bottom of the creek in different places. Shaping the creek was a cliff sort of thing and at the top of it was a bean field. To get down to the stream we had to go down this windy path near the bridge. The stream had a bunch of schools of fish and other water creatures. In the stream there were fish, clams, rocks, sand, algae, bugs, invertebrates, and grass all over. The flow of the water was kind of a run/ripple in different areas. The purpose of going to the creek was to figure out the physical and chemical characteristics of the stream, to observe organisms present and their abundance, and to define the relative quality of a water ecosystem. Materials / Procedure Measuring Dissolved Oxygen: Materials needed for this experiment a dissolved oxygen kit. The test was done to measure the oxygen levels in the stream. It was done with a pole that has a cup at the end, so we couldn’t contaminate the water. Measuring Temperature: Materials needed a...
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...WATER AS OUR NATURAL RESOURSE There are more than 326 million trillion gallons of water on Earth. Less than 3 % of all this water is fresh water and of that amount, more than two-thirds is locked up in ice caps and glaciers. With so much water around it seems like there is enough to see us through for millions of years. But did you know that even water, which seems to be in abundance, might one day become scarce? Each time you throw something as garbage, think of where it will finally end up. Whether it is a plastic glass, your broken cell phone or the used up battery cells from your portable CD/MP3 player, they all contribute in some way to environmental pollution and are also hazardous to life. Not only are they biodegradable, but also disposing of them has their own risks as they release harmful toxins into the air and surrounding soil and ground water. All these cause water pollution .! What is water pollution? Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater). Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds. Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities. Water pollution is a major global problem which requires ongoing evaluation and revision...
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...Environment Perhaps the greatest threat to environmentalism was the already weaken environment. By the 1960s, the effects of war were signs or the dramatic economic growth of the postwar era was becoming a big eye sore. Water pollution has always been a big issue to the environment and the wildlife that shares it. In Cleveland, Ohio, the Cuyahoga River would actually catch on fire from time to time beginning in the 1950s from petroleum waste run of flowing into the river. Perhaps more alarming was the growing awareness that the air pollution has become unhealthy, there was concerns with the harmful fumes from the factories and power plants but you could not leave out the pollution from the exhaust from cars that was poisoning the atmosphere. Scientist would kindly set a new factor into everyday life referencing to “smog” levels using a new word that was drafted from the words smoke that was combined with fog. In larger cities like Los Angeles and Denver were the ones over ran with big smog clouds that became part of everyone life, graduate growing through the day, blocking out the sun, and creating breathing problems for a lot of concern people living in the city. Environmentalists also brought to public attention some longer-term dangers of unchecked industrial development: The over use of oils and other non-makeable fossil fuels; the recreation of lakes and forests as a result of acid rain. The rapid destruction of vast rain forests without putting back the supply we take...
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...Water Pollution Cause And Effect Essay Water pollution is a global plague that affects the people, animals, and plants. These life forms need water to survive. The causes are contributed greatly by the human population. Recently, laws have been passed to protect the precious drinking waters. Although they are in effect, most are ignored or loop holes have been found by major corporations so the can still "legally" dump harmful waste near water supplies. There are several factors that causes water pollution. One of the reasons that the water pollution problem is so severe is that it is not actually illegal to dump pollutants into water bodies. Sewage, sludge, garbage, and even toxic pollutants are all dumped into the water. Often, governments either do not care or simply look the other way. Across the world, about half of all sewage is dumped into water bodies in its original form. No efforts are made to disinfect the sewage or to remove especially harmful pollutants. Even if sewage is treated, problems still arise. Treated sewage forms sludge, which is sent out into the sea and dumped. Many cities and countries dump sewage out at sea. Often, they place it not far from their own coastline, often killing all the sea wildlife in the dumping area. In addition to sewage, chemicals dumped by industries and governments are another major source of water pollution. Raymond Furon could not believe his finds when he tested a river used by a reservation as a main source of water...
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... Heads | Description | A. | Heating Ventilation & Air Conditioning system | | VRV Systems & others HVAC systems | B. | Electrical | I | Internal & External Electrical Installation | II | Sub Station Equipment | III | Emergency Power Generation | IV | Data & Voice System | V | MATV and Music System (Head end equipment) | VI | UPS System | VIII | Elevators (2 Nos) Johnson or other make | VIII | Fire Detection and Alarm System | IX | Building Automation System | X | Security System (IP Based) | C. | Plumbing system | I | Plumbing including pumps, fittings, Chrome Plated Fittings, Water Closet, Wash Basin, Concealed Cistern etc. | II | Water Treatment Plant | III | Fire Fighting & Hydrant system | IV | Hot water system and mechanical services | ANNEXURE - I Details of Exp. Heads | Description | A. | Heating Ventilation & Air Conditioning system | i | 12 Nos. 10 TR VRV AC Systems with Indoor & outdoor unit @50,000/ TR | ii | Electric panel for AC, cabling, wiring, control wiring and earthing. | iii | Mechanical ventilation system for plant room, DG room, sub-station, kitchen, stores, toilets etc. | | Description | B. | Electrical | I | Internal & External Electrical Installation | i.. | Point wiring (Including switches) | ii. | Mains and Sub-mains (Cable) | iii. | LT panels, APFC Panel & distribution boards, Bus ducts etc. | iv. |...
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...Unit 5 project 1: pollution, labor and public goods Research on coal burning plant – Releases of pollutants’ are Carbon Dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and mercury compounds. These limits are from the EPA (environmental pollution agency) and its 2249lbs/Mwh for carbon, 13lbs/Mwh for sulfur, 6lbs/Mwh for nitrogen. Water is used to cool the plant and the company has to have a permit to release the water back into the environment. The water may contain lead and arsenic and will have to be managed. Wisconsin Power & Light’s just settled a lawsuit that ended up with WP&L paying out 2.45 million for alleged violations of air pollution laws. WP&L agreed to pay out 8.5 million for environmental projects and that will include 5 million to solar power investments, 2 million to boast power from wind and hydropower plants. This is to be over the next 5 years. WP&L did not install the proper environment control equipment and that is the reason for the suit. The big thing is paying 1.2 billion to keep the big plant up and running with installing the needed pollution control items. Wisconsin is discontinuing about 17% of their coal burning fleet and that is about 1500 Megawatts of power and two plants are the Nelson Dewey plant in Cassville and two of the three boilers in Sheboygan, 590 megawatts of coal will be retired, or the equivalent of one large modern coal plant. Coal is roughly 49% of our electrical producing product. With wind and solar and hydro combined is roughly...
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...Partnership for Development with AusAID and Quaker Service Australia Extract from Chapter 2: WATER INNOVATIONS WATER SUPPLY ANALYSIS COMMUNITY FEEDBACK ON WATER WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY REVIEW RECOMMENDATIONS FURTHER WORKS ADDITIONAL INNOVATIVE OPTIONS FOR CONSIDERATION WASTE WATER TREATMENT ANALYSIS EDUCATIONAL SUPPORT MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS TECHNOLOGY REVIEW RECOMMENDATIONS All households in Devikulam use water from the village tank for drinking and cooking. Households in the village have their own taps linked to the village supply, however households in the colony are not directly linked to the village supply, they use a common tap to attain suitable drinking water. Access to the village tap for drinking water is only available for one hour in the morning and one hour in the evening, thus water is collected in large vessels for daily use. Households in the colony also have common taps, linked to the water tank in the colony, however due to the quality of this water it is not suitable for drinking and is used only for washing and cleaning. Water Supply Analysis The development of a safe and reliable water supply system has vast economic, social and environmental benefits to the Devikulum community. Currently, the community water is supplied from three different bores, one of which has been identified as ‘saline’ by those living in the colony. Water from this bore is not used for human consumption but for other purposes such as washing...
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...Soil Fertility, Evaluation and Nutrient Management Major contributors to increased agricultural production * Fertiliser use * Plant breeding * Other cultural practises * (planting date, crop density, rotations etc) * Weed and pest control * Irrigation Future Challenges * World population continues to grow * Decrease in productive land due to industrial, residential, transport use and soil degradation * 2 degree increase in temperature over 100 years * Extreme weather conditions * Advances in agricultural production needed to feed population Factors for crop yield * Plant growth and yield are affected by over 50 factors * We cannot control many of the climate factors * Soil and crop factors can be managed for maximum and economical production * Table: major factors affecting yield potential The Law of the minimum * Crop yield is determined by the most limiting factor * Crop yield can only be increased by eliminating the most limiting factor * Yield cannot be increased by increasing the supply of other nutrients and factors * Challenge is to identify the limiting factors and eliminate them Sources of mineral nutrients for plant uptake * Plants take up mineral nutrients from soil solution * Amounts of nutrients in solution are small * Soil solution nutrients are replenished by there in soil/solid form Table: Nutrient dynamics in the soil that affect nutrient supply to plants The intensity...
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...------------------------------------------------- Water Resource Plan SCI/275 October 6, 2013 Katrina Baron October 6, 2013 Katrina Baron The issue of freshwater pollution is a serious level of concern. The Environmental Protection Agency has projected that water pollution will be as high in 2025 as it was in 1968, which is before the passage of the Clean Water Act. We must comprehend the problems and become part of the resolution in order to combat this pollution. There are many different types of water pollution, with that being said the quality and quantity of our clean freshwater resources are depleting. The water pollution is not just a local issue but rather a global problem that does require serious attention in order for the cleanup of these contaminates to be anywhere near successful. According to Pielou, (1998) “The UN reports that one person in six lives without regular access to safe drinking water.” There are many essential changes that are needed that are not going to come easily. We need to remember that water is essential to the survival of all living things. We need to do everything we can to maintain the quality of clean water. The world today has various categories of water pollution that affects it. We do recognize this reality, but humans still ignore this problem by polluting the rivers and lakes. Many humans throw their trash into the lakes and rivers when they are fishing and camping. The main contributors of water pollution are classified as municipal, industrial...
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...are directly related to urban sprawl. UrCity’s expansion has also demanded an increase in water usage which has become a burden on existing water supplies. Many citizens have also noted the decrease in wildlife that has been typical of the city. This memo will address these concerns and offer viable solutions to the above noted issues. Agricultural Practices The farms surrounding UrCity have taken advantage of traditional farming practices. Monocropping, heavy use of pesticides, and large amounts of water have been keeping these farms operational and profitable for many years but at a high cost to their immediate environment. According to Sustainable Table (n.d.), “Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are derivatives of fossil fuels, including oil and natural gas. The use of fossil fuels is the reason the Earth is experiencing dangerous climate change (Climate Change). The overuse of chemicals has directly contributed to the problem of rising temperatures in and around UrCity. As UrCity becomes larger, the demand for land increases. This has pushed the farms outward into the desert to make room for the influx of residential and commercial buildings and the ever growing infrastructure. The preservation of the natural landscape has not been taken into consideration and has been razed to make room for construction. The absence of air filtering trees has contributed to the increase in pollution and rising temperatures. This mix of expansion,...
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