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Mr. Engineer

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CONCEPTOS Y TERMINOS CLAVES

• Ventaja absoluta Es la capacidad de un país de producir una mercancía con mayor eficiencia que algún otro país.

• Tasa de cambio Determina cuantas unidades de una moneda pueden comprarse con una sola unidad de otra moneda.

• Ventaja comparativa Es aquella que se encarga de dictar las tendencias comerciales; un país debe especializarse en producir y exportar aquellos bienes que puede producir a un costo relativamente menor.

• Mercado de cambios Es el mercado en donde se intercambian monedas de diferentes países.

• Beneficios del comercio Son las diferencias entre los ingresos por ventas y el costo de oportunidad total de los recursos involucrados en la producción de los bienes.

• Devaluación Es la disminución del precio oficial de la moneda de un país, según se expresa en las monedas de otros países o en términos del oro.

• Arancel Es el impuesto que grava cada unidad del bien importado por un país.

• Sobrevaluación Es la situación que se presenta cuando una moneda sube, en relación a otras, más allá del nivel indicado por el tipo de cambio.

• Cuota Forma de proteccionismo ante las importaciones en la que la cantidad total de estas respecto de una mercancía especifica es limitada durante un periodo determinado.

• Tipo de cambio fijo Es el régimen cambiario de una unidad monetaria cuyo valor se ajusta según el valor de otra divisa de referencia, de una canasta de monedas o de una medida de valor. Es determinado por el Banco Central.

• Barrera no arancelaria Son las leyes, regulaciones, políticas o practicas de un país que restringen el acceso de productos importados a su mercado.

• Tipo de cambio flexible En este caso se determina por el juego de la oferta y la demanda.

• Balanza de pagos Es el registro sistemático de todas las transacciones de un país con el resto del mundo durante un periodo determinado.

• Exportaciones netas Es el valor de las exportaciones de bienes y servicios menos el valor de las importaciones de bienes y servicios.

• Cuenta corriente Se le conoce así cuando va incluido servicios y otros conceptos relacionados.

• Propensión marginal a importar Es el incremento del valor en dólares de las importaciones que resulta del aumento de cada dólar en el valor del Producto Interno bruto.

• Cuenta de capital Es la cuenta que incluye el flujo monetario que entra y sale del país para inversión, subsidios y préstamos internacionales (públicos y privados).

• Mercado de cambios Es el mercado en donde se intercambian monedas de diferentes países.

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