...Supply Chain Management and Fair Trade Executive Summary Resources are scarce and overstretched as a result of the fiercely competitive global environment which is as a result of globalisation, population increment and development of new technologies. On the basis of food food supply chain’s dependency on these scarce resources, sustainability of food has to be adopted through various approaches – the conventional approach (freetraide food supply chain) and the alternative approach (fairtrade food supply chain). This report focuses on sustainability, challenges of sustainability, key reasons for sustainability, food supply chain sustainability theme as well as a critical examination, analysis and appraisal of the fairtrade food food supply chain as advocated by Fairtrade Foundation and Fairtrade International and the normal freetrade food food supply chain through a comparative analysis which is based on consultation of materials from Fairtrade Foundation, Fairtrade International as well as other secondary sources (such as textbooks, articles, journals and websites). The report concludes that freetrade is a better option to manage the partnership between producers and consumers within a food food supply chain. However, fairtrade could still flourish if its techniques and principles are exposed to a continuous external and internal scrutiny against the continuous movement of the forces of demand and supply which always shape the dynamic nature of the competitive market...
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...Introduction Nearly 80% of the cut flowers we buy in the UK are imported from the Netherlands, Colombia and Kenya. The world's largest flower-farming nations are the Netherlands, Colombia, Kenya and Israel and they are main exporters to the UK. For years, the flower industry suffers from social and environmental problems. Environmental issues A lot of people do not concern so much about what pesticides are used to grow flowers. According to a Guardian report (Siegle, 2012), 12 different pesticides are used to help flowers grow in Columbia. Furthermore, some flower farmers use toxic pesticides which are banned in industrialized nations in Ethiopia. Moreover, the issues over the carbon foot print have been increased as the use of air-freighted flowers increased (Siegle, 2006). With issues over pesticides and carbon foot print, water shortage, impacts of greenhouses on landscape, and packaging issues were also being associated with the cut flower industry. Social issues Besides the environmental problems, social issues such as low wages, health and safety issues and labour rights are also being associated with the cut flower industry. In Colombia, flower farmers are exposed to systematic labour abuses and toxic chemicals exposure remains an important concern among farmers. Health issues persist as farmers are forced to work double shifts to meet consumers’ demand with depressing labor rights. The flower industry is comprised of between 65-75 percent of women workers, women’s...
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...CHOCOLATE CONSUMERS FEELING GUILTY FOR THE WRONG REASONS Steven J. Greenland and Christopher Galloway Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia. INTRODUCTION New Zealanders are no strangers to taking on multinational companies when they view their actions as unethical. It was two New Zealand school girls who unearthed the GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Ribena vitamin C (or lack of it) fiasco that resulted in fines and GSK having to pull misleading advertisements, not to mention a global wave of criticism washing over the pharmaceutical giant (e.g., New Zealand Herald 27th March 2007, Vasagar 2007). In 2009 the New Zealand public learned that Cadbury was substituting palm oil for cocoa butter in its chocolate (e.g., New Zealand Herald 4th May 2009). At the time many multinationals used palm oil in their products and while its use received considerable attention from conservationists, Cadbury was using only certified sustainable palm oil; a move that was part of a cost cutting exercise to help maintain pricing levels for its consumers. However, there was considerable public outcry, as well as protest by international environmental groups such as World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and local organisations such as the Auckland Zoo (over the potential loss of Orang-utan forest habitat to palm oil plantations). The negative publicity from the palm oil debate created damaging ‘noise’ for Cadbury’s ongoing worldwide ethical brand building efforts and its high profile announcements that...
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...Coopératives des Yungas). Synthèse on the impact of Fairtrade Certification FLO PREAMBULE A reflective work around the impact of FTC (Fairtrade Certification)’s activities, on the main group of beneficiaries, has been initiated in 2005 by Max Havelaar France and its federation FLO. Indeed, the substantial work done until now around guarantee (referring to the guarantee of the means (standards, prices, etc.) and the direct results of those means (verified through certification, ie: whether volumes sold have been paid at the defined levels, to democratic organisations, etc.)) only gave an incomplete overview of the sustainable and substantial changes brought by the FTC to organisations and its members. The action taken of measuring the FTC’s impact is thus aiming at better understanding the mechanisms and the reality of the FTC’s impact, in order to 1/ being able to explain it and to have more solid information, and 2/ being able to improve its tools and interventions. Several studies have been carried out in parallel to the elaboration and to the improvement of a common methodological frame. Those activities have been coordinated by FLO and supported by different structures: consultants specialised in Fairtrade or impact measuring (AVSF, IDS, Oreade-Breche) and financing bodies (MAE, F3E (also involved in the elaboration of the methodological approach), ICCO), and have benefited from the implication of FLO and some of its members (Certification initiatives: Max Havelaar France,...
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...LESSON 2 BASIC COMMANDS IN LINUX AND WINDOWS LESSON 2 – BASIC COMMANDS IN LINUX AND WINDOWS “License for Use” Information The following lessons and workbooks are open and publicly available under the following terms and conditions of ISECOM: All works in the Hacker Highschool project are provided for non-commercial use with elementary school students, junior high school students, and high school students whether in a public institution, private institution, or a part of home-schooling. These materials may not be reproduced for sale in any form. The provision of any class, course, training, or camp with these materials for which a fee is charged is expressly forbidden without a license including college classes, university classes, trade-school classes, summer or computer camps, and similar. To purchase a license, visit the LICENSE section of the Hacker Highschool web page at www.hackerhighschool.org/license. The HHS Project is a learning tool and as with any learning tool, the instruction is the influence of the instructor and not the tool. ISECOM cannot accept responsibility for how any information herein is applied or abused. The HHS Project is an open community effort and if you find value in this project, we do ask you support us through the purchase of a license, a donation, or sponsorship. All works copyright ISECOM, 2004. 2 LESSON 2 – BASIC COMMANDS IN LINUX AND WINDOWS Table of Contents “License for Use” Information....................
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... 10 out of 10 points | | | A multi-tasking operating system is capable of executing more than one program at a time for a user.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | True | Correct Answer: | True | | | | | Question 2 10 out of 10 points | | | ASCII code is one of the code schemes used to represent characters in a byte.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | True | Correct Answer: | True | | | | | Question 3 10 out of 10 points | | | Operating systemAnswer | | | | | Selected Answer: | d. all of the above | Correct Answer: | d. all of the above | | | | | Question 4 10 out of 10 points | | | About 95 percent of the UNIX operating system is written in C language.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | True | Correct Answer: | True | | | | | Question 5 10 out of 10 points | | | The two major versions of the UNIX operating system are AT&T's UNIX version V and Berkeley UNIX.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | True | Correct Answer: | True | | | | | Question 6 10 out of 10 points | | | You must login to use the system. It means that, in response to prompts you type your user Id and password.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | True | Correct Answer: | True | | | | | Question 7 10 out of 10 points | | | You can change your password as many times as you wish.Answer | |...
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...PRESS RELEASE EMBARGOED FOR: 00:01 24/08/2009 ORGANISATION: Cadbury plc MAIN CONTACT: xxxxx xxxxxxxxx LAUNCH PARTY FOR CADBURY’S FIRST FAIRTRADE PRODUCTS Cadbury is holding a party for the launch of its new Fairtrade-certified Dairy Milk bars. The event is being held on 31st August in Bournville, the original birthplace of Cadbury; at the ‘Cadbury World’ museum. Press are invited to be among the first people to try the new Dairy Milk and to hear from Cadbury’s Chief Executive, Todd Stitzer, about his travels to Ghana. This will include a presentation of video-casts to show the contributions Cadbury is currently making to Ghanian cocoa farmers and their communities. As part of the event, Cadbury will also be unveiling the new Fairtrade exhibition at its museum, which aims to teach visitors why Fairtrade is important and how Cadbury is helping Ghanaian farmers as part of the Cadbury Cocoa Partnership (CCP) initiative. In March this year, Cadbury announced its plans to achieve Fairtrade certification for Cadbury’s Dairy Milk products by joining forces with the Fairtrade Foundation. The reasons behind this groundbreaking move were to further improve living standards and conditions for cocoa farmers and their communities in Ghana, as well as create a sustainable supply of high quality cocoa for Cadbury. Cadbury’s Chief Executive, Todd Stitzer, says that after the the launch party, the value of Fairtrade chocolate sales in Britain will leap from £45m to £225m. Chief...
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...1) Charakterystyka przedsiębiorstwa 1.1. Opis przedsiębiorstwa Konkurenci Globalni (Sprzedaż 2013) | W Polsce | | Mars | 17,640 USD (millions) | Ferrero | | Mondelez | 14,862 USD (millions) | Mondelez | | Nestlé | 11,760 USD (millions) | Stork | | | | Wedel | | | | Wawel | | Target Group * Young and cosmopolitan consumers * For those who understand lifestyle as a personal statement * Young trend-conscious consumers Marketing Objectives * World’s biggest manufacturer of premium chocolate products * Modern * Enticing * Sinfully delicious * Luxury & prestige * Easygoing lifestyle * Sensual experience * Unusual taste combinations * (e.g. Salted Caramel, Strawberry Cheesecake...) Quantitative * Market volume ca. 100 USD billion (only 2012 available) * Market growth saturated chocolate markets in Europe and North America * Group sales 2 883 CHF million (~ 3 459 EUR million) * Group profit 404 CHF million (~ 485 EUR million) * Share price (ISIN: CH0010570759) 46 288,- CHF Przewagi Konkurencyjne * Quality strategy * Unique selling proposition (USP) * Premium Quality * Brand image * Extensive advertising policy Pozycjonowanie - produkt Wysoka cena I jakość, bardzo premium, duża różnorodność smaków (od gorzkich do bardzo delikatnych czy nietypowych) Cena Na rynku konkurencja oligopolistyczna kilku dużych graczy: market...
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...Module name: Perspectives on Business and Management Shopping for tomorrow: promoting sustainable consumption within food stores The aim of this review of a journal article is to evaluate the way the top ten food retailers in the UK foster the concept of sustainable consumption as well as to investigate how the retailers encourage their customers to be more environmentally friendly. The authors discuss the influence the large retailers in the UK have on the nation’s food buying behaviour and on reduction of waste. While they promote sustainable consumption they also prevent it with marketing strategies which encourage bulk buying. The authors have assessed the model of sustainable consumption the top ten food retailers are following. In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness about the concept of sustainable consumption. Although it is debatable and it is difficult to be given a clear definition this paper will use the one introduced by The United Nations Environment Programme (1995, cited in Jones et al, 2011, p. 938) who state that sustainable consumption is the reasonable balance between the use of services and manufactured goods needed to improve our quality of life and the reduction of the destructive impact on the environment during the process. Furthermore, there are two models of sustainable consumption: weak and strong. The former implies the idea of uncoupling economic growth from overuse of natural resources while the latter suggests a fundamental...
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...ZARA: IT for Fast Fashion With ZARA's fashion business expanding, Salgado and Sanchez have a critical decision to make on whether to upgrade the current, seemingly out of date IT system. Like other large clothing retailers, ZARA adopts a highly standardized business model for ordering, design, manufacturing and procurement across all product categories and regions. However, unlike most clothing retailers, ZARA's business model is based on fast delivery times with minimal inventory, decentralized decision making process and very low data integration among different stores. Unlike its competitors, Zara relies on its individual store managers and designers, rather than an elite team of senior managers, to perform market research on latest trends and decide what clothes to design and procure. ZARA's approach to Information Technology is based on its business needs. In order to establish itself as a brand, which aligns closely with customers' taste, ZARA needs to have information on latest trends from all its stores to keep pace with the ever-changing fashion world. On the other hand, ZARA's popularity and high growth requires an upgraded IT system, which can be easily replicated and scalable to new stores. ZARA's current DOS system serves this purpose efficiently as it is easy to install in a newly opened store and requires little training. ZARA's approach of simple, non-integrated low cost IT investment is well in sync with its decentralized...
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...According to the point of view of Salgado , Zara is getting bigger and bigger and its operating system getting more and more obsolete. Thus, it gives Zara to have a comparative advantage because for a strategic perspective. Although Zara's advantage over its competitors is not so much a result of IT leverage, the sustainability of its competitive edge might be at risk due to a lack in IT investment.The current assumption for the IT investment states about 18,000 hours. The Zara's staff devoted to IT contains about 50 people divided in several departments. So we can suppose that only 10 people are devoted to POS software and so 10 people are able to handle this project. With a brief calculation, we can figure that it would take too much time to set up this project with an internal team. That is why we are prone to think that externalize would provide a more efficient solution, completely handle by an outsourced professional team. It could be a little more expensive at short and long term that is why if we choose this option we have to integrate a training system of our staff to lower the outsourced fees. An important point is that Zara has always developed its own IT solutions and if we make it through subcontractors we are not sure that it would match with Zara values or way of doing. Zara has been used to make it alone. Thus we think that some member of the IT staff could work with subcontractors in order to lower these expenses and help them to create an It solution...
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.... Evaluate Microsoft’s strategy in good and poor economic times. In Good Economic Times: Microsoft is the world’s most successful software company. The original mission of this company is “a computer on every desk and in every home, running Microsoft software.” Microsoft's tactic was to be a software manufacturer and make its operating system available to computer manufacturers for use in their personal computer products, and then sell the owners of PCs software to run on that operating system. The history was begins in early 1980, where Microsoft creates DOS Operating System for IBM computer. The company used this inertial success with IBM to sell software to other manufacturer, quickly making Microsoft a major player in this industry. This is one of the changes for Microsoft to grown faster with the inertial advertising efforts focused on communicating the company range products from DOS to the launch of Excel and Windows. Later in 1986, Microsoft went to public with windows operating system and Microsoft office. The strategy contribute to launch this two application is a milestone for Microsoft to future successful. After that, Microsoft found an instant success where they launch the window 3.0 which is offered an improved set of windows icons and application like file manager and program manager where still being used today. Microsoft doing a magazine advertising and received endorsement from the top computer magazine in the industry is another...
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...THE MARKET FOR ORGANIC AND FAIR-TRADE COFFEE Study prepared in the framework of FAO project GCP/RAF/404/GER “Increasing incomes and food security of small farmers in West and Central Africa through exports of organic and fair-trade tropical products” September 2009 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed...
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...Singer and songwriter Ke$ha was born Kesha Rose Sebert on March 1, 1987, in Los Angeles, California. She was exposed to music at an early age through her mother Pebe, a songwriter. Her mother's biggest songwriting success was "Old Flames Can't Hold a Candle to You," which was a hit for Joe Sun and Dolly Parton. The first few years of Kesha's life were a struggle for her family. Her mother had difficulty earning enough to support Kesha and her older brother. "We were on welfare and food stamps," the artist explained on her website. "One of my first memories is my mom telling me, 'If you want something, just take it.'" When she was 4, Kesha moved to Nashville with her family, where her mother had landed a songwriting contract. Sometimes tagging along with her mother, Kesha spent a lot of time in recording studios during her early adolescence. Her mother encouraged her interest in singing, allowing Kesha to work on some of her song demos. Kesha also went to a music school, where she learned about songwriting. Deep in the heart of the country music scene, she was inspired by the likes of Johnny Cash and Patsy Cline. Pursuing a Career in Music At 17, Kesha left high school to pursue a music career. She changed her name to Ke$ha and moved to Los Angeles to work with producer Dr. Luke, who had worked on hit singles for Katy Perry and Kelly Clarkson among others. "I thought her voice was distinctive, and I fell in love with her personality," Dr. Luke explained to Entertainment...
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...Executive Summary The aim of this report is to focus on the major decision that the management team of Nestlé had to take in determining whether to introduce the Partners’ Blend Coffee into the UK market with their own Nestlé Initiative or to introduce the coffee into the market with Fairtrade certification. This decision was prompted by the feedback they received from their customers to introduce a coffee line that has Fairtrade certification. The main idea of the Fairtrade movement is to address issues of unfair conventional trade practices that discriminate against the poorest and weakest producers in order to empower them to improve their position and have more control over their lives. In the course of analyzing where to introduce Partners’ Blend, the management decided to incorporate it with Nestlé UK because the UK has a natural desire to donate to other less fortunate nations especially as they are a relatively wealthy nation. As a result, many charity organizations have their headquarters in UK. This report would analyze the challenges and opportunities that Nestlé should consider in making the final decision to introduce the coffee either with or without the Fairtrade logo. It includes analyzing the power of suppliers, consumers, the competitive rivalry, the threat of substitute goods and the threat of new entrants when they want to take advantage of the opportunity to position Nestlé in a positive light with ethical coffee line. This report concludes...
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