...to consider both the benefits and risks of taking natalizumab as a treatment for MS. Another treatment for multiple sclerosis involves the use of antibodies to act on a multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus envelope protein (MSRV-Env) which has shown to be involved in the immune response of MS patients rather than inhibiting the immune system that is involved in other treatments such as natalizumab (Curtin et al., “Clinical Development” 266). This MSRV-Env protein contains three domains, one of which is an agonist of the toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, activating the TLR4 pathway which leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Curtin et al., “Clinical Development” 266; Zimmermann et al. 1). In order to neutralize the activity of this MSRV-Env, a humanized immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody was isolated, called GNbAC1, which was able to bind to the domain of the MSRV-Env protein that is an agonist of the TLR4. This antibody works by neutralizing the binding potential of the TLR4 (Curtin et al., “Clinical Development” 266). After the development of this new monoclonal antibody, GNbAC1, clinical trials began to determine the effects of this antibody for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. A phase 2a trial of this antibody revealed that MSRV transcripts declined due to treatment with this antibody (Zimmermann et al. 2). The purpose of a phase 2 trial is to test the designed drug’s efficacy on the target population in order to determine the side effects of the drug...
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...A kid with Hepatitis A can return to school 1 week within the onset of jaundice. 2. After a patient has dialysis they may have a slight fever...this is normal due to the fact that the dialysis solution is warmed by the machine. 3. Hyperkalemia presents on an EKG as tall peaked T-waves 4. The antidote for Mag Sulfate toxicity is ---Calcium Gluconate 5. Impetigo is a CONTAGEOUS skin disorder and the person needs to wash ALL linens and dishes seperate from the family. They also need to wash their hands frequently and avoid contact. positive sweat test. indicative of cystic fibrosis 1. Herbs: Black Cohosh is used to treat menopausal symptoms. When taken with an antihypertensive, it may cause hypotension. Licorice can increase potassium loss and may cause dig toxicity. 2. With acute appendicitis, expect to see pain first then nausea and vomiting. With gastroenitis, you will see nausea and vomiting first then pain. 3. If a patient is allergic to latex, they should avoid apricots, cherries, grapes, kiwi, passion fruit, bananas, avocados, chestnuts, tomatoes and peaches. 4. Do not elevate the stump after an AKA after the first 24 hours, as this may cause flexion contracture. 5. Beta Blockers and ACEI are less effective in African Americans than Caucasians. 1. for the myelogram postop positions. water based dye (lighter) bed elevated. oil based dye heavier bed flat. 2.autonomic dysreflexia- elevated bed first....then check foley...
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