...Media Influences on American Culture HUM/186 MEDIA INFLUENCES ON AMERICAN CULTURE March 25 2014 Linda Light Media Influences on American Culture When I was younger, I often hear from my parents about the developments in the mass media. In the 1900’s the main sources of mass media were newspapers and magazines. Forty years later a new source came out to public which is the radio. This gives a little bit convenience to people wanting to know about what’s going on around. But newspapers and magazines were still going on during that time. Then ten years later another source came out which became the main source of resources for the mass media, television. It has been the combination of the magazines, newspapers and the radio. The launch of satellite in 1962 gave access to the news around the world. It has been a big improvement from then to present. There are a lot of electronic devices which became a source of communication. The development of mobile phone to computers to the internet and it’s getting better and faster every year. Before people have to wait for the newspaper to know and learn about news on what’s going on around the country or the world. This time people just have to browse on their computers or mobile phones and can see an updated informations they want to know. Another development is the form of classroom learning wherein during the early ages you have...
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...MASS MEDIA EFFECTS In partial fulfillment of the requirements of Theories of Communication (LAC 701) A paper prepared by Group Four John Fasisi (91817) Kalim Gazal (136615) Moyofade Ipadeola (95580) Nwachukwu Egbunike (147181) Oluwaseun Oti (168137) Seyi Bodunde (168139) Victor Eze (167521) And submitted to: Professor F. A. Adesanoye Department of Communication and Language Arts Faculty of Arts University of Ibadan November 27, 2012 ABSTRACT This literature-driven study examined mass media effects. The work peered into the history of the ‘powerful media’. An in-depth review of relevant theories of mass media effects was analyzed. Findings pointed towards both positive and negative impacts of mass media. However, there was no empirical evidence to substantiate a direct cause and effect relationship of mass media messages with the actions of the consumer of the information. Consequently we can only assert that the mass media impacts on society but does not necessarily have an effect since other factors also influence people other than information consumed from the media. As such, this study asserts that the mass media influences public opinion but does not necessarily cause it. Key words: powerful media, mass media effects, theories of mass media effects, impact of media messages INTRODUCTION The mass media involve organisations that are responsible for the dissemination of information to a large number of people. Basically, the mass media...
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...Gwendolyn Davis Influence of Visual Media Hum/ 176 Instructor Prichard University of Phoenix August 12, 2012 Interrelationships are defined as being placed in or coming into mutual relationship with someone and or something. Forms of visual entertainment media are; radio, television, CD’s and DVD’s to name a few. When one speak of Media and the influence it has made on American society as far as culture and values, I can honestly see the reflection from what is viewed and or listened to in our day to day lives. In the times of old there were some shows that allowed a glimpse as to what we are living in now as far as the change of times. Shows like the Jeffersons and Different Strokes allowed Americans to see the change that was coming within our families, communities and the world as a whole. The Shape of Americans Culture and Values. As times have changed so has our ability to gain instant access whether it is the local news, a nationally syndicated radio talk show or the ability to attend online university and gain a degree as a working adult. America has changed based on the media; however it is up to each individual to determine the shape that is being made. We have come along way from VCR’S and huge televisions that weigh a few hundred pounds. Being that the majority of the world is always on the go, these are some awesome attributes of American culture and the shape it is taking; however the negative aspect for me is the fact that...
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...Copyright © 2005 Stuart Fischoff. All rights reserved. 1 Media Psychology: A Personal Essay in Definition and Purview by Stuart Fischoff, Ph.D. Introduction The subject matter of media psychology is a mother lode of material that psychology has actively mined for decades, but only within the last ten to fifteen years has the enterprise emerged as a distinct and explicit subdivision of psychology. Media psychology found its inspirational roots more than 90 years ago within the discipline of social psychology and in the early work of social psychologist Hugo Münsterberg concerning the psychology and the psychological impact of film. Published in 1916 under the title, The Photoplay: A Psychological Study, it was the first empirical study of an audience reacting to a film. Münsterberg also provided such a keen analysis of a screenplay's (then called a photoplay) grammar of visual construction and nascent cinematic conventions and their psychological impact on the audience, that his incisive words still echo today in numerous film school lecture halls and classroom seminars. And there was psychologist L.L. Thurstone, arguably the Father of Attitude Scale Construction and Measurement (a signature area of theory and research in social psychology), who developed scales for the measurement of attitudes toward movies for the famous and notoriously politicized Payne Fund Research in 1928. This study’s practically avowed purpose was to indict (not investigate) the medium of film...
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...The media of mass communication have long played a fundamental role in people’s lives. The media informs, persuades, entertains, and even sells. For the most part; mass media is only owned by a few private companies, as we learned in the “media ownership” discussion. According to the “Telecommunications Act of 1996,”, this act was to spawn some competition the broadcast companies. It also eased the restrictions on the number of television stations one individual company can own. The media, controlled by power corporations and government organizations, has positioned itself to influence people in all manner of ways, but no one group controls the system as a whole. 90% of all television media is controlled by only six broadcast corporations. Media can provide companionship, shape perception. They are fundamental to an informed and educated public.(Pavlik, McIntosh 2004). “An important aspect of digitization is that the boundaries between different media have brought into question, and a presupposition has the developer that we are in an era of media convergence” (Storsul,Fagerjord (2008). Strosul and Fagerjord believe that “blurring the border between media does not have to mean convergence. There is also development toward stronger differentiation of media in which elements from earlier separate media and sectors are combined in new ways.” In communication, there are three forms of interpersonal, intrapersonal...
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...Carel Bou Maroun Research Paper on Media ENG 203 – Layla Al Kadi Harmouch Introduction: Everywhere you go, you hear people talking about Media. Media is the plural of Medium. But what is a medium? A medium is a mean of mass communication. How can you communicate with a big number of people without what we call a medium, such as newspapers, television, or the Internet for example? Simply, you can’t. Media are elements that help to communicate messages. Any element. In a classroom for example, media are the walls, the board, and even the people inside it. The term mass communications alludes to any type of correspondence that at the same reaches a huge number of people, including yet not constrained to radio, TV, daily papers, magazines, bulletins, movies, record. (Wimmer and Dominick, 1983.) As we all know it, some media are more active and used than others today. For instance, we can think about televisions or mobile phones. But we all know that television is not the first technology used to spread messages. “Media are the result of technology.” (Avery and McCain, 1982.) Day by day, new technologies are emerging and the “old” ones are being forgotten. This is what our modern-day world looks like. It’s constantly changing, moving, evolving… The innovation and models for creating and conveying media substance are always advancing. (Croteau, David, Hoynes, and Milam, 2003.) Media are also socialization agents. You learn...
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...Solutions: Child Abuse When people decide to have children, the general idea is to love and cherish them. But unfortunately this isn't always the situation. There are parents in this world who abuse children whether they are babies or teenagers. People like this are not fit to have children. Whether it is physical or mental, abuse is wrong. Parents who abuse children should stop and take the time to get help, because the child will suffer in the end. Many children in this world die or become emotionally unstable because of abuse in the home. Peers, educators, legislators and others should take the time to help not only the child who is suffering but also the parent. There should be counsellors in the schools who specialize in these situations and other organizations to help the parents. We as students can take the time and write letters and articles to newspapers and legislators to help our friend, relative or just another human being who is suffering, rather than just to talk about the issues. Innocent children should not be victims of child abuse. ? ______________________________________________________________________ Express Your Individuality We are all so different and unique it is a miracle we all get along as we do. May not be the best at times but hey, we are human right. Our individuality is what makes us so diverse. I give props to the people who step outside of that “norm” of following what others want you to do. So you wear clothes you shouldn’t...
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...Media Influences on American Culture Brandy Latham HUM/186 October 17, 2012 Niya Picket-Miller Abstract Media Influences on American Culture This is all about Media Influences on American Culture, I plan on telling you the different developments that has went on during the last century, and how the internet made its way to us. The major development of mass media during the last century is the internet, smart phones, and social networks. What we started with was the oral and written eras in communication. This was the alphabet and written words threw teachers and poets. Then we had commutation and the creation and use of symbol systems that convey information and meaning, like languages, Morse code, and motion pictures. Cultural industries and channels of communication that produce and distribute songs, novels, TV shows, newspapers, movies, internet services, video games and other cultural products to large numbers of people. Also we had the print and revolution, which was developed in china around 100c.e. Then in Germany they invented movable metallic type and the printing press. This spread rapidly across Europe in the late 1400s. Many of the books were large and elaborate and expensive and it took months to illustrate and publish these volumes. They were usually purchased by wealthy aristocrats, royal families, church leaders, and powerful politicians. Gradually, the publishers made the books smaller and more affordable so more people could buy them. ...
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...Influences of Visual Media Paper HUM/176 Professor Craig Bowler There are many forms of visual entertainment readily accessible to us; it has become the primary source of entertainment. Visual entertainment only has not helped shape American culture but also its values. Visual entertainment comes in many forms; whether it is reading a newspaper, magazines, or just watching television. Visual media has many numerous advantages as well as some disadvantages. Advisements are used to target individuals that find their product appealing. This compels viewers to buy the latest technology gadget or to wear the latest fashion clothes. Media has also changed the way we communicate and this has improved our culture in many ways. For example, in the recent years it has been possible to connect on real time with someone across the world through a computer. Now we are able to connect with people through a simple device like the IPhone 4S. The IPhone 4S lets a person talk through face time and allows them to see each other. Visual media has also made a huge impact on young children and teenagers. With all the new artists coming out changing the music and media culture the younger generation is looking up to them more each day. The younger generations view these artists as role models and want to be exactly like them. The music industry has changed media forever. Artists have introduced us to many different cultures...
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...Violence in the media has been a growing problem ever since the emergence of mass media. You have to wonder how violence has become so prominent in our culture. More minors are being involved in heinous crimes such as murders and armed robberies. Even play on the school ground is getting rougher. There are many factors that play into the increasing violence, such as over population, religious struggles, and race. One factor that plays into the increase of violence would be mass media. Mass media has the power to reach and influence almost every American. Radio, newspaper, and television are all means by which media reaches people. Television however, can be considered the most influential. Ninety-eight percent of Americans have a television in their household. When it first came out it was considered a novelty, there were only a few channels and the signal was not very clear. Now it is available through air broadcast, cable, or satellite. Television has become part of everyday life. With the growing fixation and attraction to violence in the media, children in today’s society are becoming more violent and aggressive. After reading the article "Violent Culture: The Media, the Internet, and Placing Blame," the author brings up the point that the media was turning the focus of blame in Kip Kinkel case on the internet. He cited examples of how easily information about building bombs and guns was to get on the internet. Yes these types of things are easily found on the internet...
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...Eunjung Carney English 848 Mrs. Escamilla 03/16/2013 An Essay on a Miss Representation Images of women are presented in all different kinds of mass media. Such images of women in the media portray the ideal women’s body as very thin and as a sexual object. These unrealistic images are particularly found in women’s magazines all over the country. Many young women between the ages of 14 and 32 hold these unrealistic and unattainable images of ideal models’ bodies. There are numerous studies regarding the negative effects of women’s body portrayal in the media. Two of these studies, cultivation theory and self-schema theory, explain why and how women internalize unrealistic and unattainable ideal body images in three ways: women’s body objectification, repetitive exposure to unrealistic images, and women’s internalization of the idealized body. These cause women to have eating disorders and low self-esteem. Women should be aware of theses subtle but strong influences and these negative effects should be eliminated. Many fashion magazines objectify the woman’s body in order to sell products by portraying women in very sexual ways and by emphasizing women’s body images rather than women’s health and ability. For instance, a recent American Apparel ad in a magazine, with the copy “now open,” sends the message that a woman in the ad spreading her leg widely is open for sex. This sexual availability of the woman in this ad implies that she can be had by anyone. Usually...
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...No matter what form of communication or means we employ our ability to understand the message, the process, and manufacture an accurate, clear, and mindful message are required. Rather than deceive and destroy, whether we encode or decode in mass communication, we have a responsibility to be true rather than deceive and build rather than destroy. This brings me to the three most important terms media literacy, the third-person effect, and technological determinism. Our proficient understanding of any form of media is important because it cultivates our interpretations and views. Media literacy encompasses many elements and skills without them we are not capable of responsible communications. Second, the third-person effect is very dangerous especially when we overestimate the effect of a media message on others and under estimate the effect on our self. If we do not recognize the influence of a certain media message, our vulnerability to it is increased. In order to be objective, we need to recognize the influence of media on us as individuals so we can overcome this influence and objectively comprehend or compose a communication. Lastly, technological determinism not only changes how we do business, but also develops our intellect and transforms our inherited beliefs. Technology breaks down barriers and allows us to obtain information that can change our behaviors, eliminate biases, and broaden our culture. For us to grow as people it is important to obtain accurate...
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...Mass Media Control Tambela Vaughn Everest University Brandon Online Abstract The research included within this paper is several online articles, periodicals, and related books to mass-media control and its psychological adaptation in an individual’s mind. I also performed a media and mind control case study. I used my family for the subjects; my older sister who is a Licensed Practical Nurse (L.P.N.) and my mother who is a widow, an evangelist, and retired home nurse, for the control group, and my nephews who are fraternal twins, age thirteen for the experimental group. My observations were to observe both groups for a week during different intervals of media exposure. My nephews, the experimental group, were observed during and after watching television, using the computer, and listening to music. They were then observed when these forms of media were limited. My mother and sister, the control group, were observed during the limited periods of their television usage and listening to non-secular music. I believe there is direct correlation between adults and children who watch and listen to obsessive amounts of television, movies, news, and popular music and aggressive behavior, stress, dispositions, and sleep and eating habits. The case study observations supported this theory. Keywords: mass media, mass-media control, aggressive behavior, perceptions, adverse misconceptions, psychological adaptation, media nationalism, suggestive media, groupthink nationalism...
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...Ratings = Impression (households watching your show)/universe (households Share = impression / universe (TV’s that were on) Media Business #1 The cost to reach one thousand listeners - CPM, cost per mille (1000) #2 When an affiliate decides not to run a network scheduled program - preemption, #3 Promotions that involve merchandise or services donated by clients in lieu of payment for airtime - trade-out #4 In May, the networks sell their Fall season spots at this annual event - upfronts #5 If networks fail to deliver the projected audience to advertisers, they sometimes provide extra spots called – make good Radio broadcasters something - morning drive Media Effects research #1 Lasswell's theory of persuasion by direct media effects – magic bullet, media message straight to consumers brain #2 Opinion leaders help persuade others in this theory - two step flow #3 Emotional state that makes media messages slightly more effective - mild fear #4 Hovland's explanation for why some audiences avoid some messages - selective exposure #5 Propaganda's purpose, according to Lasswell – moralization promote hatred of enemy strengthen ties to allies recruit neutral parties demoralize Television programming #1 Declining source of revenue for network affiliates - network compensation #2 When a programmer supports a weak show between two strong ones - hammocking #3 KRON pays a syndicator a small amount of cash and a certain number of advertising...
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...CHALLENGE THE MEDIA Table of Contents: Introduction Testimonials Websites Activity Article: Media and Girls Books and Reports Take Action 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 End the Sexualization of Girls and Young Women in Mainstream Media Children are exposed to a barrage of sexual and violent images through mainstream and other media. As children gain more access to media through technology such as phones and computers, the time per day that children are exposed to images is increasing. The average high school student spends as much as 8-10 hours a day with some type of media, according to recent findings from the Geena Davis Institute. Studies estimate that counting all ads, logos, labels, and announcements a child is exposed to 16,000 images in one day. (Youth Media Reporter 2009). Media and Violence Against Women Often, media such as TV, commercials, movies, music lyrics, and even Halloween costumes, sexually exploits girls and young women; and it perpetuates unhealthy and unrealistic stereotypical portrayals of both young men and women. Sexually violent material can contribute to a social climate in which violence against women is more accepted. According to several studies by the APA Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls (2007), men and women exposed to sexually objectifying and violent images of women from mainstream media were more accepting of rape myths, sexual harassment, sex role stereotypes, and interpersonal violence. Such structures of violence allow violence against...
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