...Australian Multiculturalism: Its Rise and Demise Brian Galligan and Winsome Roberts University of Melbourne Refereed paper presented to the Australasian Political Studies Association Conference University of Tasmania, Hobart 29 September – 1 October 2003 Brian Galligan, Winsome Roberts: Australian Multiculturalism Multiculturalism merits special attention because of its significance as a national policy of accommodating migrants from diverse cultural backgrounds. Multiculturalism is more significant because of the larger claims it made about the actual or preferred character of the Australian people and national culture. These embellishments were promoted by a relatively small coterie of elites, as Mark Lopez has painstakingly documented,1 and became standard formulations used in official accounts of Australian national identity and citizenship. While the sting has gone out of multiculturalism and the national debate has moved on to issues of citizenship and refugee policy, multicultural formulations still inform official documents. According to this view, Australia is now made up of people of diverse cultures that should be given equal status with the Australian mainstream. Australian citizenship is then invoked as the glue that binds these different groups into a national unity. The multicultural account of Australia as a nation of diverse cultural groups has been taken over by the Australian Citizenship Council in its prescriptions for Australian Citizenship for...
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...still reported discrimination: 35% Chinese immigrants, 28% South Asians, 44% African Canadians, 19% white immigrants created a conflict with Quebec Quebec suggested a bill that would excuse Quebec from the Multiculturalism Act in May 2008 52% of people believe that Canada should learn from other countries on how they deal with cultural diversity many Canadians still don’t know what the idea of ”multiculturalism” is, can be described as a “project in the works” because its direction was never properly made clear of 21% of Canadians are born outside the country 93.5% of Canadians speak at least one of Canada’s official languages along with their native language schools recognizing significant Canadian events in history regarding different ethnicities (Black History Month) Canada is the leader among multicultural understanding Canada is the world’s most successful multicultural society Canadians began to define themselves as citizens of a multicultural society Canadians who speak a lot of languages and understand a lot cultures makes it easier...
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...Multiculturalism is a public policy approach for managing cultural diversity in a multi ethnic society, officially stressing mutual respect and tolerance for cultural differences within a country's borders. As a policy, multiculturalism emphasizes the unique characteristics of different cultures, especially as they relate to one another in receiving nations. The word was first used in 1957 to describe Switzerland, but came into common currency in Canada in the late 1960s. It quickly spread to other English-speaking countries. Looking at the term broadly, it is often used to describe societies, especially nations which have many distinct cultural groups, usually as a result of immigration. Citrin,J., Sears,D., Muste,C and Wong,C. (2001 p.249) describe multiculturalism as “the presence of people of diverse racial or ethnic backgrounds within a single polity.” This paper will look at the impact that multiculturalism has had on western societies and the different changes that have occurred in societies as a result of multiculturalism. It is very important to think about what we mean by ‘culture’ because it is the main part of ‘multiculturalism’. So, multiculturalism means that there are many different kinds of cultures in one society. This can lead to anxiety about the stability of national identity, yet it can also lead to cultural exchanges that benefit the cultural groups. Such exchanges range from major accomplishments in literature, art and philosophy to relatively token...
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...Should reasonable accommodation be implemented in Quebec? “Reasonable accommodation refers to the idea that equality rights set out in section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms demands that accommodation be made to various ethnic minorities. The concept is especially applied with reference to the anti-discrimination laws in Québec's Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms.” (Rock, Hoag) Multicultural and ‘multiculturalism are terms commonly used to refer to “a social condition of ethnic and racial multiplicity, to a government policy for addressing the problems associated with such range, and to an ideal of interethnic harmony and cooperation on the basis of equality”. (Harold Troper) As an ideal or ideology, multiculturalism sets a standard for the equal treatment of new and minority members of an existing national society. It seems as though many calls for accommodation come from the advocates of mixed-up political precision, the promoters of multiculturalism, diversity and communitarianism. For them, the presence of permanent ethnic and religious groups and of collective rights attached to them is a public good. Reasonable accommodation is one of the ways of upholding differences and the negotiation of the level of accommodation. This model of Canada is what Joe Clark meant when he said that Canada is a “community of communities.” (James) The opponents of accommodation, especially in Quebec, are often inspired by French republicanism, by views of secularism...
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...the same society because the recognition of cultural difference underpins rather than threatens social cohesion • Multiculturalists argue that minority cultural groups are disadvantaged in relation to majority groups • Remedying this involves significant changes in societies rules and institutions • Reformist- Modern liberalism and social democracy • Problem of subornation and marginalisation • People held back not merely by legal and political exclusion but also and more importantly by social disadvantage • Post colonialism • Orientalism example • Stereotyping of cultural groups by west • As a normative term implies a positive endorsement, even celebration of communal diversity – respect and recognition Themes within multiculturalism: • Politics of recognition • Culture and identity • Minority rights • Diversity Politics of Recognition: • Multiculturalists argue that minority groups are disadvantaged in relation to majority groups and remedying this involves significant changes in society’s rules and institutions • Is associated (like feminism and socialism) with the advancement of marginalised, disadvantaged and oppressed groups Culture and Identify: • Belief that culture is basic to political and social identity • A weak sense of cultural identity leaves people feeling isolated and confused • French Philosopher Montesquieu- portrays human beings as culturally defined creatures • Cultural politics of communitarianism and identity politics • Cultural...
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...4. Outline the arguments for and against the policy of multiculturalism. What are the advantages and disadvantages of officially promoting multiculturalism? 4. Outline the arguments for and against the policy of multiculturalism. What are the advantages and disadvantages of officially promoting multiculturalism? Background Multiculturalism in Canada is the ideology that all people have equal opportunities and rights regardless of their races, religions and, cultural backgrounds. The Canadian government during the 1970s and 1980s adopted the official policy of multiculturalism in Canada. It originated from the 1960s Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism. In 1971, Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau declared that the country would adopt multicultural policy. In 1982, multiculturalism was recognized by section 27 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Canadian Multiculturalism Act was then passed by Prime Minister Brain Mulroney in 1988. The Act has two fundamental principles: all citizens have equal rights and it promotes all communities of different origins. (Kobayashi, 1983) Benefits of Multiculturalism policy in Canada Economic Benefits Multiculturalism helps integrate visible minorities into the labour market. Canada has experienced more participation of members of minority groups in different business sectors, such as transportation, communications, and banking. The increased participation is the result of the government's effort...
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...Effects of Intentions When the Multiculturalism Act was created, the intentions were positive, however, since the legislation was enacted in 1988, the effects have been positive and negative on individuals’ health and well-being. Identity The Multiculturalism Act has played a role in allowing individuals to retain their identities and practice cultural traditions and customs. This legislation has encouraged the celebration of many cultural and religious festivals and holidays across Canada that are essential to individuals’ identity (The Red and White, 2015). For example, the Sikh religious festival Vaisakhi is celebrated in many cities across Canada. It has been celebrated in Surrey for the past 17 years and individuals of all races and cultures attend and participate in the celebration (Surrey Vaisakhi Parade, 2015). These types of multicultural festivals and events can allow individuals to preserve their traditions and allow others to...
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...Ethnic stereotypes and multiculturalism. Summary of course "Ethnic psychology" Contents: 1. The concept and properties of ethnic stereotypes ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 4 2. National prejudices. Types etnostereotipov ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .7 3. 4. Variants of the reactions to cultural diversity ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12 5. Advantages and disadvantages of multiculturalism ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 16 Bibliographic list ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 20 Introduction. Considering the cultural differences in thinking, beliefs, attitudes and behavior, it is easy to succumb to cognitive and emotional reactions to the material to begin to make generalizations, to form negative stereotypes about other people and even pre-make judgments about these differences, and people who are inherent in this behavior before you really understand what lies at its core. These processes and reactions are common in today's world, and to describe them often use the terms ethnic stereotypes, prejudice, multiculturalism, discrimination. Unfortunately, these terms are often used without a clear idea about them, which only exacerbates the problems that they need to clarify. Some of today's most pressing social issues associated with these processes, as boundaries between countries and cultures are becoming more permeable as...
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...Assimilation and Multiculturalism Midterm Reena S. Glover SS 310 Herzing University Dr. I. Hunt August 1, 2013 An assimilation and multicultural society that we are living in is taking on new meaning of what was, is, and will be to be an American. At one time, North America was the land of Native Americans who had their own customs that eventually was invaded by the Europeans. A set of people that when they came over to North America, had to be led by the Native Americans and the ways of their land to survive. Once the Europeans began to master the land, they took the land little by little from the Native Americans and changed it to their own way of living. They then incorporated their way of living on the new land, even with slavery. Taking from others what didn’t belong to them, making change and calling it their own. The Europeans are what we call modern day bullies. One particular culture, African was a group that was assimilated by the Europeans. They were stripped of their customs and forced to live the way that Europeans wanted them to live. Africans lost the rich heritage of their color and culture. Their color was assimilated, and the range of the melanin of their skin went from a heavy dark color to have very faint light color and many shades in between. This happened because the slave’s master raped and bedded the African women. This wasn’t an instant change in color, but over time, the color changed. What was meant for bad and pleasure for “the man”...
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...Exploring the Roots of Islamophobia in Great Britain with a Special Regard to the Educational Sector Table of Content 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………….1 2. Islamophobia in the Multicultural State Great Britain …..………………………2 3. Islamophobia and the Education Sector….……………………………………...4 4. What to do against it .…..………………….………………..…………………….8 5. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………....10 6. Bibliography………………………………………………………………………..11 Introduction I have been interested for many years in multiculturalism and have strengthened this interest and gained some useful insight by choosing the Seminar “Multicultural Britain”. This seminar shed a light on current British debates, concerning multiculturalism. In everyday’s life I can see in many different branches, like arts, education or business, just to mention a few, how people of different heritage facing each other often competitive and sometimes even negative or racist. This topic caught my interest because I simply do not want more war; and there is no doubt that there is a war against Islam and Muslims, however it may express its power. The special example of Islamophobia, which is a widespread and controversial topic, addresses or rather attacks Islam and Muslims. Not all racist movements manifest their values in political activism. It is rather a matter of educational, cultural, social and ethical norms and values. Therefore I find it necessary to introduce...
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...Cultural diversity in Britain A toolkit for cross-cultural co-operation Phil Wood, Charles Landry and Jude Bloomfield With the current debate about ‘multiculturalism’, this study sets out a new approach to cultural diversity. It explores ways of unlocking the potential in diversity and identifies strategies to aid greater exchange between different cultural groups. The authors examine the connections between cultural diversity, innovation and thriving, prosperous urban communities, in relation to the economic, social and cultural mix of Britain’s population. They developed tools to harness the potential of diverse communities, and their powers of innovation, for use by policymakers, planners and practitioners. These include a set of indicators of openness to check the readiness of a city to take advantage of diversity, and the intercultural lens through which professionals can examine the familiar in a new light. The study evaluated six aspects of local activity: public consultation and engagement urban planning and development business and entrepreneurship schools the arts and creative industries sport. The project went further by helping participating cities to develop specific economic, social, cultural and planning policies and so to become role models for others. The study draws on local case studies and in-depth interviews with 33 intercultural innovators in seven UK cities, with comparative analysis also conducted in Europe, North America and Australasia. It is aimed...
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...Cultural Diversity in Australia Paper by John Thompson, Collection Research, Documentation and Promotion, for the National Conservations and Preservation Strategy Public Forum, October 1996. Introduction This paper has been written in response to an invitation from the Conservation Working Party of the Heritage Collections Committee of the Cultural Ministers Council. Its purpose is to consider the implications of cultural diversity in Australia in a program which seeks to implement the National Conservation and Preservation Policy for Movable Cultural Heritage issued by the Heritage Collections Committee of the Cultural Ministers Council in September 1995. That document included ten policy statements intended to provide the framework for a proposed National Conservation Strategy which might pave the way for a concerted effort to improve the conservation status of heritage collections in Australia. In relation to cultural diversity, the statement of policy (Policy Statement 2) was expressed as follows: The Commonwealth, State, Territory and Local Governments acknowledge the diversity of cultures of the Australian people which should be reflected in the definition and identification of movable cultural heritage. Expressed in this way, the policy statement does little more than state the obvious that Australia is a culturally diverse community and that efforts, unspecified, should be made to ensure that justice is done to this demographic and social reality in the programs which...
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...Course Description This course focuses on the issues, challenges, and opportunities presented by U.S. population diversity. Workplace issues related to employee diversity in terms of gender, race or ethnicity, socioeconomic class, and cultural background are emphasized. Policies Faculty and students will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Harvey, C. P., & Allard, M. J. (2009). Understanding and managing diversity (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Schaefer, R. T. (2011). Racial and ethnic groups (12th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. All electronic materials are available on the student website. |Week One: Workplace Diversity | | |Details |Due ...
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...Student Self-administered case study Importance of Diversity In The Workplace Case summary: Case duration (Min): Human Resource Management (HRM) 45-60 Promoting diversity Worldwide This case focuses on DIFFERENCE ‐ Interacting and working productively with others and how best to use human resources to meet organizational goals through high levels of performance (motivated, effective and efficient workers) and competing in the global marketplace. We begin this case by exploring the changing nature of the workplace; We then explore what is meant by diversity and consider the business case for promoting and managing diversity within contemporary organizations. Learning objectives: Evaluate diversity and multiculturalism as a source of sustainable competitive advantage and identify the benefits of diversity for organizations. Case problem: What is meant by diversity and should organizations seek to be diverse? Company Aramark http://www.aramark.com/ Food ‐ Major Diversified ARAMARK is a leader in professional services, providing award‐winning food services, facilities management, and uniform and career apparel to health care institutions, universities and school districts, stadiums and arenas, and businesses around the world. In FORTUNE magazine's 2009 list of "World's Most Admired Companies," ARAMARK was ranked number one in its industry. ARAMARK seeks to address issues responsibly that matter to its clients, customers, employees and communities by focusing on employee advocacy...
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...British Society 1951-2007 Post war consensus 1951-64 * The growth of the economy and rising living standards * Social tension: 1950s unrest; race riots, violence, criminality (Kray twins) and hooliganism (mods and rockers); selection and the diverse nature of secondary education (11+); changes in attitudes to class (into 60s) * Class system is well cut End of consensus 1964-75 * The impact on the economy of government interventions, 1964-1973 * The oil-price crisis of 1973 and the end of the ‘long post-war boom’ * The impact on communities of industrial disputes; the significance of the Miners’ strike 1973; the impact of the 3 day week, 1974; and the birth of environmentalism (cars, industrialisation, nuclear disarmament) Thatcher 1975-90 * The social impact of Thatcherism, including privatisations and the sale of council houses (makes a larger divide between the poor and working class) * The significance of the Miners’ strike 1984-85, on industrial relations; the emergence of extra-parliamentary opposition (change in society’s attitudes) Rise of New Labour 1990-2007 * Social issues and population change; the extent to which Britain had become an integrated and multicultural society by 2007 – yet still division within the community, still today but has changed * Understanding the meaning of: * Assimilation * Accommodation * Integration * Multi-ethnic * Multi-cultural * Multi-racial ...
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