...Theory of Multiple IntelliGENCE PSY/300 April 9, 2012 Instructor: Angelique Grady In this paper, I will discuss the theory of multiple intelligences, developed by Howard Gardner. There are eight intelligences that Howard Gardener indentified, but I will be discussing three of them that would have an impact on my own personal success. Linguistic intelligence which refers to verbal intelligence, iInterpersonal intelligence is being able to appreciate and identify what others require, and iIntrapersonal intelligence refers to one’s self and their abilities (Smith, 2002, 2008). “Intelligence is multifaceted; that is, aspects of it can be expressed in many domains.” (Kowalski & Westen, 2011, p. 271) “We can thus define intelligence as the application of cognitive skills and knowledge to learn, solve problems, and obtain ends that are valued by an individual or cCulture” (see Gardner, 1983, p. ?). “It is also to some extent culturally shaped and culturally defined, since cultural practices support and recognize intellectual qualities that are useful in the social and ecological context.” (Kowalski & Westen, 2011, p.274). Gardner did not believe that there was only one inventory for intelligence. He used many criteria to come up with these eight intelligences. These criteria dealt with damage to the brain, and how a portion of the brain could be affected, but the other portion still worked fine. Another criteria area...
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...Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence Introduction to Psychology Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence Intelligence cannot be seen, it has no mass, and it occupies no space. Nevertheless, we feel certain that it exists (Introduction to Psychology, 2007). Psychologist Alfred Binet, who was busy creating tests to rate child intelligence, was passionate about testing and measuring human capabilities. His understanding of intelligence evolved through intense trial-and-error testing with local students. Working with groups of average students as well as mentally handicapped students, Binet discovered certain tasks that average students could handle but that handicapped students could not. He calculated the normal abilities for students at each age, and could pinpoint how many years a student's mental age was above or below the norm. Binet equated intelligence with common sense. He called intelligence "judgment…good sense…the faculty of adapting one's self to circumstances." He also believed that intelligence is a combination of many skills - skills that are shaped heavily by the environment (Intelligence and Achievement Testing: Is the Half Full Glass Getting Fuller). In 1983, Howard Gardner argued that "reason, intelligence, logic and knowledge are not synonymous...", setting forth a theory of multiple intelligences. The concept of multiple intelligences helped broaden the idea of "intelligence" from a mathematical and verbal understanding, which had become...
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...What are some examples of ways in which observational learning has benefited you in your life? Are there instances in which observational learning has worked to your disadvantage? While I was a teenager about the age of 13 years old I visited my cousins in the country area where they had a coconut farm. While on the farm I observed my cousin climbed a tall coconut palm tree using his hand and feet in a well coordinated movement of hand and feet. I was then able to climb the tree in the same manner. Another occasion where I used observational learning to my benefit was in the military where I observed a demonstration of how to negotiate obstacles I then applied what I saw done and successfully did the same. (Bandura, 1986) However, I have no example where observational learning was used to my disadvantage but rather I have on occasions observed others mistakes and learnt how not to do something; that is: learning form others mistakes. As an eyewitness to a crime, how could you use information in this chapter to improve your memory for specific details? If you were a juror, what would you say to the other jurors about the reliability of eyewitness testimony? Being an eye witness to a crime I can help improve my memory by Maintenance rehearsal of the information stored in my Short Term Memory I can extend the duration of your Short Term Memory (STM). Because the capacity and duration...
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...RUNNING HEAD: HOWARD GARDNER’S MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES 1 Howard Gardner: Human Development and Education “Thinking about Thinking” University of St. Thomas School of Education Counselor Education Cohort Program Submitted by: Carolyn Assaad, B.A. School Counseling Candidate Submitted to: Dr. Roman Alvarez, LPC-S, NCC, ACS, LMFT, LSOTP, FAPA, MTAPA Summer I, 2012 RUNNING HEAD: HOWARD GARDNER’S MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES 2 Abstract This paper explores the following: 1) discusses Howard Gardner’s philosophy of education and background; 2) discusses qualities that make him an educational leader including the relevance of his work; 3) examines his theory of multiple intelligences and its relevance in education; 4) addresses pros and cons of his theory and 5) discusses the influence he has had on education in the United States. Implications for current issues in education and counseling are addressed with regards to the theory presented. RUNNING HEAD: HOWARD GARDNER’S MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES 3 Background and Philosophy In the 1960’s Howard Gardner was a graduate student in Psychology at Harvard University. He was trained as a developmental psychologist so he was concerned with the nature of human organisms and the stages and laws of cognition as well as the stages of moral judgment and aesthetic evaluation. He had the opportunity to study under individuals such as psychoanalyst...
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...Abstract This paper introduces the educational theory most useful within my setting for work, which is an elementary school special education class, the aims, goals and objectives and how this theory supports my teaching. The theory most useful to my teaching is Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligences. Howard Gardner has postulated multiple intelligences. He contends that there are different mental operations associated with intelligence, and there are many different types of intelligence. Too often our society overem¬phasizes verbal ability. Gardner outlines eight types of intelligence: (1) verbal/ linguistic, (2) logical/mathematic, (3) visual/spatial, (4) bodily/kinesthetic, (5) mu¬sical/rhythmic, (6) interpersonal, (7) intrapersonal, and (8) naturalistic (as sited in Ornstein and Hunkins, 2009, p. 129). AIM The aim of instituting multiple intelligence teaching is to encourage critical thinking skills. The importance in such an educational theory is upon learning rather than teaching. The students’ attentions and learning styles dictate the path of the curriculum being taught. This model acclimates to students, rather than expecting students to adjust to it. As with my particular classroom practices, I believe that coaching and learning through the multiple intelligences helps solve many collective school problems and elevates the learning experience for students and teachers alike. Students begin to appreciate how they are intelligent. Learning is...
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...Charles Spearman - General Intelligence: British psychologist Charles Spearman (1863-1945) described a concept he referred to as general intelligence, or the g factor. After using a technique known as factor analysis to to examine a number of mental aptitude tests, Spearman concluded that scores on these tests were remarkably similar. People who performed well on one cognitive test tended to perform well on other tests, while those who scored badly on one test tended to score badly on others. He concluded that intelligence is general cognitive ability that could be measured and numerically expressed. Louis L. Thurstone - Primary Mental Abilities: Psychologist Louis L. Thurstone (1887-1955) offered a differing theory of intelligence. Instead of viewing intelligence as a single, general ability, Thurstone's theory focused on seven different "primary mental abilities." The abilities that he described were: * Verbal comprehension * Reasoning * Perceptual speed * Numerical ability * Word fluency * Associative memory * Spatial visualization Howard Gardner - Multiple Intelligences: One of the more recent ideas to emerge is Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. Instead of focusing on the analysis of test scores, Gardner proposed that numerical expressions of human intelligence are not a full and accurate depiction of people's abilities. His theory describes eight distinct intelligences that are based on skills and abilities that are valued...
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...THERE MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES? | |The topic that I have chosen is Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences. The theory of multiple intelligences was proposed by Howard Gardner in 1983 as a model of intelligence that differentiates intelligence in to various specific modalities, rather than seeing it as dominated by a single general ability. Gardner argues that there is a wide range of cognitive abilities, and that there are only very weak correlations among them. For example, the theory predicts that a child who learns to multiply easily is not necessarily generally more intelligent than a child who has more difficulty on this task. They may best learn to multiply through a different approach, and may excel in a field outside of mathematics, or may even be looking at and understanding the multiplication process at a fundamentally deeper level, or perhaps as an entirely different process. Gardner, Howard (1993) It is vital to realize that a student’s capability can’t solely be judged according to the student’s academic performance. It is the duty of educators, parents, and others who work with the youth in our schools to understand that a student’s capability should be based upon their individual learning style. This learning style is affected and determined by many factors in a student’s life; one of them however, is the unique and individual make-up of one’s brain. For this reason, many educators have looked to Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences to help...
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...used multiple intelligences (MI) since the day they were born. We have never thought about how we use them in our daily lives because they are used naturally. Gardner defines intelligence as "the capacity to solve problems or to fashion products that are valued in one or more cultural setting". Using biological as well as cultural research, he formulated a list of seven intelligences. The seven intelligences include linguistic intelligence, logical mathematical intelligence, musical intelligence, spatial intelligence, kinesthetic intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, and intrapersonal intelligence. He later added two more, naturalist and existential. This paper examines Gardner’s research and its effectiveness towards adult learners. Gardner initially created a list of seven intelligences. The first two have been typically valued in schools; the next three are usually associated with the arts; and the final two are what he called 'personal intelligences' (Gardner 1993). According to Gardner (1993), Linguistic intelligence learners enjoy writing, reading, telling stories or doing crossword puzzles. Logical-Mathematical intelligence learners are interested in patterns, categories and relationships. They are drawn to arithmetic problems, strategy games and experiments. Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence learners process knowledge through bodily sensations. They are often athletic, dancers or good at crafts such as sewing or woodworking. Spatial intelligence learners...
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...I can get it though, if I get enough practice.” When the gets frustrated, the retreats to his room where the plays guitar; he has even done some of his own arrangements. Gavin is very skilled at working with people and some of his peers turn to him as an arbitrator when clashes occur in club and other organisational meetings. • Consider Gavin’s intelligence based on Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Assess Gavin’s intelligence on this basis. In the case of Gavin, he possesses mostly the musical- rhythmic, intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligences. The complexity he faces is from his mathematical- logical intelligence and linguistic intelligence as he cannot sort out his difficulties in his studies. As he states that he retreats to his room to play guitar when he is frustrated. This demonstrates that Gavin has the capacity to think in music; to be able to hear patterns, recognize them, and perhaps manipulate them. People who have strong musical intelligence don't just remember music easily, they cannot get it out of their minds, and it is so omnipresent. People with musical intelligence look for patterns in speech and language, for example, they look for patterns in new information in order to increase learning. They remember things by turning them into lyrics or...
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...ARE THERE MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES DANA CHATMAN Student #21838383 Submitted for SSC130BB: Essentials Psychology August 25, 2013 Research project #05020500 Introduction: I have chosen to discuss about in this paper is the impact of different learning style with” multiple intelligences”. In the article, "The Foundations of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences", by Thomas Armstrong, he explains the creation of multiple intelligence theory. The first intelligence test (or IQ) was established by (Alfred Binet, a French psychologist, in relevance for failing students to succeed in college. After eighty years had passed another psychologist, Howard Gardner, begin to debate the thoughts and perceptions of Alfred Binet and redefine the intelligence test into seven specific areas of life. Linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, and intrapersonal were the seven main views of the IQ test that test the level of understanding for each person. In addition to this, all of these seven areas were not meant for everybody to excel in or to understand. Intelligences were sometimes used together to complete one task such as washing clothes. First you have to a visual amount of clothes that can fit into the washer and use a certain amount of muscle to lift the clothes and also measure out the exact amount of liquid needed to clean all of the clothes. In one way or another, everybody has the seven intelligences but may have their own levels...
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...Individual Gardner Intelligence Paper When defining intelligence there are three different approaches that have been discovered, such as the psychometric approach, the information-processing approach, and the theory of multiple intelligences. (Kowalski & Weston, 2011) Howard Gardner developed his on theory of multiple intelligences. His unique theory looked at each person as being intelligent in their own way. His theory was developed on the question “how are you smart?” verses the standard question “how smart are you?” In his research Gardner discovered that there were actually multiple intelligences, he gives a list of eight different intelligences that he considers to make an individual intelligent. The eight different intelligences include linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, naturalist, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, and interpersonal. “Gardner’s theory suggests that intelligence lies on not one but eight curves, one for each type of intelligence” (Kowalski & Weston, 2011). There are three major intelligence that I feel have impacted my personal life the first would be Bodily-Kinesthetic, Intrapersonal, and Intrapersonal. Bodily-Kinesthetic When I began this journey of discovering my own intelligence I learned a great deal about myself. I found that I am 95 percent bodily kinesthetic. I was finally able to put a name to how I learn and it described my personality exactly. I struggled in school which was embarrassing but I knew the problem was that...
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...Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory: A Reflection to a Personal Philosophy in Early Child Education Sharon Stone ECE 101 Professor Lawrence July 4, 2011 Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory: A Reflection to a Personal Philosophy in Early Child Education "It is of the utmost importance that we recognize and nurture all the varied human intelligences, and all of the combinations of intelligences. We are all so different largely because we all have different combinations of intelligences. If we recognize this, I think we will have at least a better chance of dealing appreciatively with the many problems that we face in the world” (Gardner, 1987, first para.). Howard Gardner is recognized for his theory of multiple intelligences in the educational circuit in individualizing the curriculum and assessment for the student. As a teacher molding young minds, you need to understand how to utilize Gardner’s multiple intelligences in the classroom. To make the connection will take hard work, acceptance and the willingness to endure. (Morrison, 2009). In view to early childhood education and development, my philosophies are greatly affected by Howard Garner and his Multiple Intelligences Theory. His theories not only benefit the student and teacher, but also mirror my own philosophies of teaching. Howard Gardner created the concepts of Multiple Intelligences (MI) in 1983. The concepts questioned conventional acceptance in the area of education and cognitive ...
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...Multiple Intelligence Howard Gardner created the theory of Multiple Intelligences in 1983. Gardner proposed that there were many different ways to demonstrate intellectual ability (McKethan, Robinowitz & Kernold, 2010). It’s a theory that was developed to document the fact that human beings have very different kinds of intellectual strengths and that these strengths are very, very important in how kids learn and how people represent things in their minds, and then how people use them in order to show what it is that they've understood (Video). The nine intelligences include Linguistic intelligence (verbal skills and talents related to sound, meanings, and rhythms)-the ability to express abstract concepts and ideas in words; Logical-mathematical intelligence (conceptual and logical thinking skills)-the ability to solve problems with logical, analytical, reasoning; this intelligence is measures by IQ tests; Musical intelligence (talents and abilities related to sound, rhythm, and pitch)-ability to express ideas through music; Spatial intelligence (skill in thinking in pictures and visioning abstractly)-the ability to form mental models of a spatial world and solve problems through their manipulation; Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence (skill in controlling body movements)-the ability to solve problems or express concepts using the whole parts of the body; Interpersonal intelligence (responsiveness to others)-the ability to...
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...Gardner Intelligence paper PSY/300 1/16/2012 Erika Redmond Ayanaw Gardner Intelligence paper The Multiple Intelligence Theory was proposed by psychologist Howard Gardner in1983. His view on intelligence is “an ability or set of abilities that is used to solve problems or fashion products that are of consequence in a particular cultural setting” (Kowalski & Westen, 2009, Chapter eight). Gardner came up with an exercise to recognize the existence of multiple form of intelligence: Instead of asking “How smart are you?” try asking “How are you smart?” smart?” (Kowalski & Westen, 2009, Chapter eight). Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences “identifies eight intelligences: musical, bodily/kinesthetic (such as the control over the body and movement that distinguishes great athletes and dancers), spatial (the use of mental maps), linguistic or verbal, logical/mathematical, naturalist, intrapersonal (self-understanding), and interpersonal (social skills)” (Kowalski & Westen, 2009, Chapter eight). With this theory in mind each of the eight intelligences would have to be tested. Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence conflicts with the traditional IQ test because a person can have high intelligence in area and still display great skill at something despite having low intelligence in another area. For example, a person with high logical/mathematical may be a great accountant despite only having only average interpersonal intelligence. The traditional measures of IQ...
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...Gardner Intelligence Howard Gardner came up with a theory of multiple intelligences. The intelligences that he came up with include linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, naturalist, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, and interpersonal. According to this theory, "we are all able to know the world through language, logical-mathematical analysis, spatial representation, musical thinking, the use of the body to solve problems or to make things, an understanding of other individuals, and an understanding of ourselves. Where individuals differ is in the strength of these intelligences - the so-called profile of intelligences -and in the ways in which such intelligences are invoked and combined to carry out different tasks, solve diverse problems, and progress in various domains" (Lane, 2011). In this paper the writer will pick three of the intelligences and explain how each can have an impact on your personal success. Howard Gardner Theory Howard Gardner is a developmental psychologist who developed the theory of multiple intelligences, a theory that suggest that contrary to popular belief, intelligence is actually measured on numerous levels. His theory suggests that although society believes that there is a general intelligence there are in fact multiple intelligences. In other words, a person may be knowledgeable at one thing yet lack experience and expertise in other areas. For instance, a mechanic may have the ability to repair a blown engine yet not know how to...
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