...Position paper From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A position paper is an essay that presents an opinion about an issue, typically that of the author or another specified entity; such as a political party. Position papers are published in academia, in politics, in law and other domains. Position papers range from the simplest format of a letter to the editor through to the most complex in the form of an academic position paper. Position papers are also used by large organizations to make public the official beliefs and recommendations of the group. In academia Position papers in academia enable discussion on emerging topics without the experimentation and original research normally present in an academic paper. Commonly, such a document will substantiate the opinions or positions put forward with evidence from an extensive objective discussion of the topic. In politics Position papers are most useful in contexts where detailed comprehension of another entity's views is important; as such, they are commonly used by political campaigns, government organizations, in the diplomatic world, and in efforts to change values (e.g. through public service announcements) and organisational branding. They are also an important part of the Model United Nations process. In government, a position paper lies somewhere between a white paper and a green paper in that they affirm definite opinions and propose solutions but may not go so far as detailing specific plans for implementation...
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...SOCK MEI NG HON MENG LEONG MUN HONG A research project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (HONS) BANKING AND FINANCE UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND FINANCE DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE MARCH 2016 Copyright @ 2016 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this paper may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, graphic, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, without the prior consent of the authors. DECLARATION We hereby declare that: (1) This undergraduate research project is the end result of our own work and that due acknowledgement has been given in the references to ALL sources of information be they printed, electronic, or personal. (2) No portion of this research project has been submitted in support of any application for any other degree or qualification of this or any other university, or other institutes of learning. (3) Equal contribution has been made by each group member in completing the research project. (4) The word count of this research report is 10,786 words. Name of Student: Student ID: Signature: 1. KOH YONG HONG 11ABB02521 2. CHOONG PIK SIN 12ABB02336 3. LEE SOCK MEI 12ABB05139 4. NG HON MENG 12ABB05200 5. LEONG MUN HONG 12ABB05037 ...
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...Robson, Stavroula Spyropoulou, and Constantinos N. Leonidou ABSTRACT Despite the growing global importance o f sustainability issues, scant research has examined marketing strategy sustain ability issues in international settings. Although significant prior work has examined drivers and performance conse quences o f adaptation/standardization o f marketing strategies in international markets, researchers have yet to apply this avenue o f inquiry to sustainable marketing strategies. Building on contingency theory and the concept o f strategic fit, the authors develop a model o f drivers o f sustainable export marketing strategy adaptation and explore the circum stances under which such a strategy affects export performance. Using a sample o f U.K. exporters, they find that vari ous macro- and microenvironmental factors are responsible for sustainable export marketing strategy adaptation, which shapes the nature o f sustainable export marketing strategy fit and its export venture performance outcomes. The results indicate that sustainable export marketing strategy adaptation is the outcome o f the differences between home and export markets in terms o f economic and technological conditions, competitive intensity, customer characteristics, and stakeholder pressures. Moreover, the performance relevance o f sustainable export marketing strategy adaptation requires adequate fit with these macro- and microenvironmental factors. Keywords: sustainability, marketing strategy...
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...ABSTRACT Despite women are of higher status socially in many countries than before, it is found that domestic violence against women is still a universal problem. This paper will explore the phenomenon gender-based violence in Hong Kong as compared to the global situation. An extensive literature review was conducted to explore the existing theories and risk factors associated with domestic violence. A qualitative study of women victims was then undertaken to gain further insight on the current gender-based violence situation in Hong Kong. In the discussion, the limitations of the study were examined and the results were compared of with literature findings. A STUDY ON GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE IN HONG KONG INTRODUCTION Worldwide Phenomenon of Gender-based Violence Domestic Violence has endangered the lives and well-being of millions of women worldwide. This is no longer a private matter between individual family members but should be recognized “as an obstacle to equality, and as an intolerable offence to human dignity”. (United Nations, 1996). In a statement to the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in September 1995, the United Nations Secretary-General, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, said that violence against women is a universal problem that must be universally condemned. Studies in 10 countries have found that between 17 per cent and 38 per cent of women have suffered physical assaults by a partner (United Nations, 1995). The...
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...considered much better than spoons and forks in their usage. Although the respective Asian communities use chopsticks as effortlessly and naturally as Europeans use forks, it doesn’t really come that easily for the rest of us. Despite the fact that most of the world thinks of them as impossible feats, chopsticks actually provides your hands with a physical affinity with the food — something that our quintessential spoons, forks and knives can never boast of. Having said that, we also acknowledge that eating with chopsticks could require some training and hence the next section that talks about how to use chopsticks. Eating With Chopsticks * Clasp one chopstick between your thumb and middle finger. The chopstick must be in such a position that it is placed at the base of your thumb and at the lower joint of the middle finger. While the bottom chopstick remains intact, the upper chopstick moves to grasp the food. This chopstick should not touch your forefinger. * Keep the other chopstick between your forefingers and thumb in such a way that the side of the chopstick rests against the tip of the thumb. The top portion of the chopstick must rest against the pad of the forefinger. * Ensure that the tip of the chopsticks lay parallel to each...
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...solutions 15 5.0 Conclusion 23 6.0 Appendices 24 Introduction Flat Cargo Berhad (FCB) is an air cargo company, which was listed in Bursa Malaysia on 15th September 2001. It was known to be one of the largest airfreight companies in Malaysia. The company was registered as an investment holding company with several subsidiaries, for which their principal activities ranging from air freight services to ground handling services. FCB was the only dedicated Intra-Asian overnight express cargo operator based in Malaysia and had exclusive excess to an international cargo complex at Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport in Subang. Furthermore, as it has successfully secured the landing rights in Asia Pacific regions, FCB was in ideal niche position to serve the international integrators, freight forwarders, and major airlines within Asian region. However, as highlighted in this case, the auditors had identified several suspicious findings in a financial audit engagement. In 2006, Mr. Chuah, an auditor from Kencana & Associate s had noticed some irregularities of accounting records in FCB, which may possibly be another fraud case after Media Com and Blue Vital. These irregularities could be created intentionally or merely just an accounting error....
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...Customer Satisfaction in the Mobile Telecommunications Industry In Nigeria Author: | Dr. Samuel Eniola anders.hederstierna@bth.se | Title: | Customer Satisfaction in the Mobile Telecommunications Industry In Nigeria | Translated title: | Customer Satisfaction in the Mobile Telecommunications Industry In Nigeria | Abstract: | Customer satisfaction is a fundamental marketing construct in the last three decades. In the past, it was unpopular and unaccepted concept because companies thought it was more important to gain new customers than retain the existing ones. However, in this present decade, companies have gained better understanding of the importance of customer satisfaction (especially service producing companies) and adopted it as a high priority operational goal. This study aimed at investigation the overall customer satisfaction of the mobile telecoms industry in Nigeria, factors influencing satisfaction and the relationship between satisfaction and demographics. The results obtained in this research indicated that 57% of the respondents were satisfied and 5% highly satisfied. The combination of network quality, billing, validity period and customer support (mobile services attributes) showed strong relationship with satisfaction while age, gender, location and employment variables showed weak relationship. | Subject: | Företagsekonomi - Business Administration\Management Control Företagsekonomi - Business Administration\Marketing Företagsekonomi - Business...
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...Journal of Economic Perspectives—Volume 24, Number 1—Winter 2010—Pages 93–118 Did Fair-Value Accounting Contribute to the Financial Crisis? Christian Laux and Christian Leuz I n its pure form, fair-value accounting involves reporting assets and liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value and recognizing changes in fair value as gains and losses in the income statement. When market prices are used to determine fair value, fair-value accounting is also called mark-to-market accounting. Some critics argue that fair-value accounting exacerbated the severity of the 2008 financial crisis. The main allegations are that fair-value accounting contributes to excessive leverage in boom periods and leads to excessive write-downs in busts. The write-downs due to falling market prices deplete bank capital and set off a downward spiral, as banks are forced to sell assets at “fire sale” prices, which in turn can lead to contagion as prices from asset fire sales of one bank become relevant for other banks. These arguments are often taken at face value, but evidence on problems created by fair-value accounting is rarely provided. We discuss these arguments and examine descriptive and empirical evidence that sheds light on the role of fair-value accounting for U.S. banks in the crisis. While large losses can clearly cause problems for banks and other financial institutions, the relevant question for our article is whether reporting these losses under fair-value accounting...
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...Systems (Hons) Information Systems EngineeringBachelor of Information Systems (Hons) Business Information Systems FSCBachelor of Science (Hons) Biotechnology (BT)Bachelor of Science (Hons) Logistics and International Shipping | 3. | Year of Study | Flexi structure | 4. | Year and Trimester: | 201601 | 5. | Credit Hour | 3 credit hours | 6. | Lecturing hours and Tutoring hours | 2 hours lecture per week for the duration of 14 weeks1.5 hours tutorial per week for the duration of 14 weeks | 7. | Lecturer: | Lead Lecturer:Ms. Norhayati Bt Md Isa (norhayatim@utar.edu.my)Co-lecturer:Ms. Lim Yong Hooi (limyh@utar.edu.my) | 8. | Tutors: | FBF/FICT/FSCMs. Lim Yong Hooi (limyh@utar.edu.my) Ms. Cheah Ching Mun (cheahcm@utar.edu.my)Ms. Seow Ai Na (seowan@utar.edu.my)Ms. Norhayati Bt Md Isa (norhayatim@utar.edu.my) | 9. | Moderator | Ms. Lai Ka Fei | 10. | Mode of Delivery: | Lecture and Tutorial | 11. | Objective: | To enable students to understand the impact that individuals, groups/teams and structure have on behaviour within organisations for the purpose of improving an organisation’s effectiveness. | 12. | Learning Outcome: | Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to 1. Identify and explain the determinants of behaviour in organisations. 2. Explain the basic model of individual behaviour and the various stable & mercurial characteristics of individual. 3. Recognize the basic model of team...
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...| |UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN (UTAR) | | | | | |FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND FINANCE (FBF) | Unit Plan |Name of Subject |MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES | |Code |UBMM1013/UKMM1013 | |Course of Study |FBF | | |Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons) (BA) | | |Bachelor of Commerce (Hons) Accounting (AC) | | |Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons) Banking & Finance (BF) ...
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...the requirements for the degree of Master of Housing Management The University of Hong Kong December 2009 DECLARATION I declare that this dissertation, entitled A study of marketing strategy of shopping centre for customer retention in Hong Kong, represents my own work, except where due acknowledgement is made, and that is has not been previously included in a thesis, dissertation or report submitted to this University or other institution for a degree, diploma or other qualification. CHU KA WAI ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Eddie Hui, for his professional guidance and support. He has provided many valuable advices and opinions during my preparation of this research paper. Moreover, I would like to thank my interviewees for their valuable time to fill in the questionnaire. They made a lot of contributions in my data collection. I also want to take this opportunity to thank my friends, family and colleagues for their unfaltering support and assistance. iii Abstract 1 Chapter One - Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Research Questions 1.3 Significance 1.4 Goals and Objectives 2 Chapter Two - Literature Review/ Background 2.1 Definition and Concept of Shopping and Shopping Centre 2.1.1 Shopping 2.1.2 Shopping Centre 2.2 Background of Shopping Centre Development 2.3 Classifications of Shopping Centre 2.3.1...
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...Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 102 (2013) 412–419 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/colsurfb Non-cytotoxic antibacterial silver–coumarin complex doped sol–gel coatings Swarna Jaiswal a,b , Kunal Bhattacharya c , Maeve Sullivan d , Maureen Walsh d , Bernadette S. Creaven d , Fathima Laffir e , Brendan Duffy a,∗ , Patrick McHale b a Centre for Research in Engineering Surface Technology (CREST), FOCAS Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 8, Ireland School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland c Nanolab Research Centre, FOCAS Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 8, Ireland d Centre for Pharmaceutical R&D, School of Science, Institute of Technology, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland e Materials & Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Dublin, Ireland b a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Microbial colonisation on clinical and industrial surfaces is currently of global concern and silane based sol–gel coatings are being proposed as potential solutions. Sol–gels are chemically inert, stable and homogeneous and can be designed to act as a reservoir for releasing antimicrobial agents over extended time periods. In the present study, silver nitrate (AgN) and a series of silver coumarin complexes based on coumarin-3-carboxylatosilver (AgC) and it is 6, 7 and 8 hydroxylated analogues...
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...Helsinki University of Technology Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Doctoral Dissertation Series 2010/8 Espoo 2010 LEADERSHIP IN A SMALL ENTERPRISE Helena Palmgren Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Science in Technology to be presented with due permission of the Faculty of Information and Natural Sciences, Helsinki University of Technology, for public examination and debate on May 7, 2010 at 12 o'clock in Auditorium AS1 at the Aalto University School of Science and Technology, Espoo, Finland Aalto University School of Science and Technology Department of Industrial Engineering and Management P.O. Box 15500 FIN-00076 AALTO FINLAND Tel. + 358-9-4702 2846 Fax + 358-9-4702 3665 Internet http://tuta.tkk.fi Copyright © Helena Palmgren helena.palmgren@ttl.fi ISBN 978-952-60-3100-2 (print) ISBN 978-952-60-3101-9 (electronic) ISSN 1797-2507 (print) ISSN 1797-2515 (electronic) URL:http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2010/isbn9789526031019/ The cover artwork © Eila Haydn, 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval systems, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without permission in writing from the publisher. Edita Espoo 2010 ii ABSTRACT OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION AALTO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY P.O. BOX 11000, FI-00076 AALTO http://www.aalto.fi Author Helena Palmgren ...
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...A GUIDE TO APPLICATION FOR RESTAURANT LICENCES Food and Environmental Hygiene Department (January 2012 Edition) -1- FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE DEPARTMENT (FEHD) PERFORMANCE PLEDGE APPLICATION FOR RESTAURANT LICENCES We are pleased to state below our performance targets in respect of applications for restaurant licences. Processing Steps To return proposed layout plans which fail the Preliminary Screening to the applicant To arrange Application Vetting Panel (AVP) meeting with the applicant To issue Letter of Requirements for provisional licence and/or full licence To conduct inspection final verification Standard Response Time within 10 working days after receipt of proposed layout plans within 20 working days of acceptance of the licence application for further processing before or at the AVP Meeting upon confirming the premises are suitable for licensing within 8 working days of receipt of notification of compliance with the licensing requirements from the applicant within 7 working days upon confirmation of compliance with all licensing requirements within 1 working day upon receipt of acceptable Certificates of Compliance with licensing requirements from the applicant within 7 working days upon receipt of acceptable Certificates of Compliance with licensing requirements from the applicant To issue Full Licence To issue Provisional Licence a) if the documents are submitted to the Licence Issuing Office b) if the documents are submitted...
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...NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY Nicholas Bloom John Van Reenen Working Paper 16019 http://www.nber.org/papers/w16019 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 May 2010 This paper has been prepared for a chapter in the Handbook of Labor Economics Volume IV edited by David Card and Orley Ashenfelter. We would like to thank the Economic and Social Research Council for their financial support through the Center for Economic Performance. This survey draws substantially on joint work with Daron Acemoglu, Philippe Aghion, Eve Caroli, Luis Garicano, Christos Genakos, Claire Lelarge, Ralf Martin, Raffaella Sadun and Fabrizio Zilibotti. We would like to thank Orley Ashenfelter, Oriana Bandiera, Alex Bryson, David Card, Edward Lazear, Paul Oyer, John Roberts, Kathy Shaw and participants in conferences in Berkeley and the LSE for helpful comments. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. © 2010 by Nicholas Bloom and John Van Reenen. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Human Resource Management and Productivity Nicholas Bloom and John Van Reenen NBER Working Paper No. 16019 May 2010 JEL No. L2,M2,O32,O33 ABSTRACT In this handbook of labor economics chapter...
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