...Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist’ Companion s Joshua D. Angrist Massachusetts Institute of Technology Jörn-Ste¤en Pischke The London School of Economics March 2008 ii Contents Preface Acknowledgments Organization of this Book xi xiii xv I Introduction 1 3 9 10 12 16 1 Questions about Questions 2 The Experimental Ideal 2.1 2.2 2.3 The Selection Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Random Assignment Solves the Selection Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regression Analysis of Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II The Core 19 21 22 23 26 30 36 38 38 44 47 51 51 3 Making Regression Make Sense 3.1 Regression Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.2 Economic Relationships and the Conditional Expectation Function . . . . . . . . . . . Linear Regression and the CEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asymptotic OLS Inference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saturated Models, Main E¤ects, and Other Regression Talk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regression and Causality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 The Conditional Independence Assumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Omitted Variables Bias Formula . ....
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...published as the rst part of the serial publication Luxury Brand Management ISSN: 2193-1208 Editing & Review: Bartek Goldmann and Kate Vredenburgh Cover page: Kevin Duggan Acknowledgements: Dr. Steen Herm. I would like to thank the following people for their support and constructive criticism: Prof. Dr. Volker Trommsdor, Prof. Dr. Reinhold Roski, Dr. Vera Waldschmidt, Demet Tuncer, by Klaus Heine (2011); Copyright by Klaus Heine. All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of re- search or private study, or criticism or review, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, scanning, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the author. Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Marketing, Wilmersdorfer Str. 148, 10585 Berlin, Germany, Tel: +49.30.314-29.922, Fax: +49.30.314-22.664 Contents List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List of Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v vi vii I. Introduction 1. Luxury is Anything and Nothing 2. Outline of Chapters 1 2 5 II. Conceptual Foundations 3. Types of Definitions and...
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...and then an academic, speaking and writing about feminis t, lesbian, and Chicana issues and about autobiography. She is best known for This Bridge CalJed My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color ( 1981), which she edited with Cherrie Moraga, and BorderlandsfLa Frontera: The New Mestiza (1987). Anzaldua died in 2004. "How to Tame a Wild Tongue" is from BorderlandsfLa Frontera. In it, Anzaldua is concerned with many kinds of borders - between nations, cultures, classes, genders, languages. When she writes, "So, if you want to really hurt me, talk badly about my language" (par. 27), Anzaldua is arguing for the ways in which identity is intertwined with the way we speak and for the ways in which people can be made to feel ashamed of their own tongues. Keeping hers wild - ignoring the closing of linguistic borders - is Anzaldua's way of asserting her identity. "We're going to have to control your tongue," the dentist says, pulling out all the metal from my mouth. Silver bits plop and tinkle into the basin. My mouth is a motherlode.· The dentist is cleaning out my roots. I get a whiff of the stench when I gasp. "I can't cap that tooth yet, you're still draining," he says. "We're going to have to do something about your tongue," I hear the anger rising in his voice. My tongue keeps pushing out the wads of cotton, pushing back the drills, the long thin needles. 'Tve never seen anything as strong or as stubborn," he says. And I think, how do you tame a wild tongue, 33 34 GLORiA...
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...incompatibilities. To examine the theory, I collect monthly personnel data from about 200 journalists over three years in a Chinese newspaper, and provide evidence on their incentives and performance under two basic organizational forms — centralization and decentralization. Relying on an unexpected organizational reform from decentralizing to centralizing editorial power in some divisions of the newspaper, I …nd three main results: 1) centralization improves the quality of the journalists’performance, in terms of the newspaper’ inters nal assessment and the external measures of news content; 2) centralization reduces the journalists’activities for private gain; 3) centralization decreases the editorial activities conducted by managing editors. These results are in line with the theory: a more centralized hierarchy achieves better control over workers’ opportunistic behaviour, at the cost of depressing middle managers’initiative. Key Words: Authority, Organizational Structure, Incentives, Information, Action Distortion, Decision Bias, Media Bias JEL Classi…cations: D2 J5 L2 M5 Economics Department and Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK. Email: y.wu8@lse.ac.uk. I am extremely grateful to Oriana Bandiera, Luis Garicano, Stephen Redding and Daniel Sturm for their encouragement and support throughout this project. I would also like to thank Marianne Bertrand, Jordi Blanes i Vidal, Robin...
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...84 Chapter 5 is_paid. Role-play this case with another person. when you finish, address the following questions. @asexDis:o.uss:ior.m@uestions 1. \tvhich of the four key temperaments was most ciearly displayed by the other person? Identify specific comments and behaviors to support your assessment. 2. which of the four key temperaments do you think your comments and behaviors most clearly displayed? 3. Do you agree with each other's self and other assessments? not, why do you think you see the behaviors differently? If rffib PERToRmHcE CoMPEiENct Es FoR THts CHnprER o e To understand communication as a Process To learn rules for effective iistening and speaking in "lt is a greal misfortune neither r o o o negotiation To learn communication filtering techniques for negotiation To recognize signs of destructive conflict in negotiation and what to do when they arise To learn to watch body language in negotiation To be cautious in written and electronic negotiation lo have enough wit to talk well nor enough judgment to be silenl." La BruYere 85 86 ChaPter 6 ' Communicating in Negotiation 87 tion is essential for negotiating success. The opening quotation summarizes the essence of negotiation communication. your goal shouldbe to say the right things in the right ways at the right times and to hear. what you say must be understood as you iniend it to be effective. saying the right things in the right ways...
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...THIRD EDITI ----- --·-- --·-- - - -- - O N -- SU PP LY CH AI N MA NA GE ME NT Stra tegy , Plan ning , and Ope ratio n Sunil Chopra Kellogg Schoo l of Manag ement Northwestern University Peter Meindl Stanfo rd University --------Prentice I-I all Uppe r Saddl e River , New Jersey ·--· PEAR SON -- · - · - - - "ibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data :::hopra, Sunil Supply chain management: strategy, planning, and operation I Sunil Chopra, >eter Meind!.-3rd ed. p. em. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN: 0-13-208608-5 1. Marketing channels-Managemen t. 2. Delivery of goods-Management. i. Physical distribution of goods-Management. 4. Customer servicesvfanagement. 5. Industrial procurement. 6. Materials management. I. vfeindl, Peter II. Title. HF5415.13.C533 2007 658.7-dc22 2006004948 \VP/Executive Editor: Mark Pfaltzgraff ii:ditorial Director: Jeff Shelstad ;enior Project Manager: Alana Bradley E:ditorial Assistant: Barbara Witmer Vledia Product Development Manager: Nancy Welcher \VP/Executive Marketing Manager: Debbie Clare Vlarketing Assistant: Joanna Sabella ;enior Managing Editor (Production): Cynthia Regan flroduction Editor: Melissa Feimer flermissions Supervisor: Charles Morris Vlanufacturing Buyer: Michelle Klein Vlanager, Print Production: Christy Mahon Composition/Full-Service Project Management: Karen Ettinger, TechBooks, Inc. flrinter/Binder: Hamilton Printing Company Inc. fypeface: 10/12 Times Ten Roman :::redits...
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...Journal of Banking & Finance 25 (2001) 535±554 www.elsevier.com/locate/econbase Eciency of the Dojima rice futures market in Tokugawa-period Japan Shigeru Wakita * Faculty of Economics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0397 Japan Received 21 May 1998; accepted 20 December 1999 Abstract Co-integration analysis is applied to historical data (1760±1864) from the worldÕs ®rst well-established futures market, in rice at Dojima (in Osaka, Japan). The market shows a strong seasonal character. The summer market was strongly characterized by producersÕ hedging behavior, and may be called a ``commodity-oriented futures market''. On the other hand, the spring and autumn markets in the middle of Tokugawa era were ``®nancial'' markets, characterized by the unbiasedness hypothesis from the theory of rational expectations. Ó 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classi®cation: G13; N25 Keywords: Futures market; Market eciency; Cointegration; Osaka 1. Introduction In Tokugawa-period Japan (1603±1867), the rice trading center was Osaka, a city called the ``kitchen for the country''. It was there that clan governments (Han) across the land shipped much of the rice they collected as land tax in lieu of cash. In Dojima, the site of the rice trading activities, a rice futures market * Tel.: +81-426-77-2307; fax: +81-426-77-2304. E-mail address: wakita@bcomp.metro-u.ac.jp (S. Wakita). 0378-4266/01/$ - see front matter Ó 2001...
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...THIRD EDITI ----- --·-- --·-- - - -- - O N -- SU PP LY CH AI N MA NA GE ME NT Stra tegy , Plan ning , and Ope ratio n Sunil Chopra Kellogg Schoo l of Manag ement Northwestern University Peter Meindl Stanfo rd University PEAR SON --------Prentice I-I all Uppe r Saddl e River , New Jersey ·--· -- · - · - - - "ibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data :::hopra, Sunil Supply chain management: strategy, planning, and operation I Sunil Chopra, >eter Meind!.-3rd ed. p. em. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN: 0-13-208608-5 1. Marketing channels-Managemen t. 2. Delivery of goods-Management. i. Physical distribution of goods-Management. 4. Customer servicesvfanagement. 5. Industrial procurement. 6. Materials management. I. vfeindl, Peter II. Title. HF5415.13.C533 2007 658.7-dc22 2006004948 \VP/Executive Editor: Mark Pfaltzgraff ii:ditorial Director: Jeff Shelstad ;enior Project Manager: Alana Bradley E:ditorial Assistant: Barbara Witmer Vledia Product Development Manager: Nancy Welcher \VP/Executive Marketing Manager: Debbie Clare Vlarketing Assistant: Joanna Sabella ;enior Managing Editor (Production): Cynthia Regan flroduction Editor: Melissa Feimer flermissions Supervisor: Charles Morris Vlanufacturing Buyer: Michelle Klein Vlanager, Print Production: Christy Mahon Composition/Full-Service Project Management: Karen Ettinger, TechBooks, Inc. flrinter/Binder: Hamilton Printing Company Inc. fypeface:...
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...University 1038 Vari Hall 4700 Keele Street Toronto, ON M3J 1P3 Email: smaitra@econ.yorku.ca Phone: 416-736-2100 Ext. 77052 Fax: 416-736-5987 July 2007 PRELIMINARY DRAFT, PLEASE DO NOT QUOTE! I sincerely thank Barry Smith, whose insights have greatly benefited this research. All remaining errors in the paper are my own. 2 The research was undertaken while I was Research Fellow at The Conference Board, New York, and I am grateful to Bart van Ark, Ataman Ozyildirim and June Shelp for comments and support. 1 Who are the Indian Middle Class? A Mixture Model of Class Membership Based on Durables Ownership Sudeshna Maitra York University July, 2007 ABSTRACT The size and consumption habits of the Indian middle class have evoked considerable interest in the media in the past two decades. Yet the definition of the middle class has been nebulous at best. I propose the use of a mixture model of class membership to identify and estimate the size of the lower, middle and upper classes in urban India, based on their distinct durables ownership patterns. Estimates using NSS data (55th Round, 1999-00) suggest that the urban middle class in India constitutes approximately 62% of urban households (which implies about 17% of all households) with mean ownership of 3 durable goods (out of 12). I also estimate the probability that each household in the sample belongs to a particular class and based on this information, back out some class-specific socioeconomic characteristics. The estimates...
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...The Six Sigma Handbook Revised and Expanded A Complete Guide for Green Belts, Black Belts, and Managers at All Levels THOMAS PYZDEK McGraw-Hill New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-HIll Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-141596-3 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-141015-5. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at george_hoare@mcgraw-hill.com or (212) 904-4069. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all...
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...of policy and asking what sorts of issues in modern society might be the legitimate objects of a Christian social and political concern. Raymond Plant has written an important study of the relationship between religion and politics which will be of value to students, academics, politicians, church professionals, policy makers and all concerned with the moral fabric of contemporary life. r ay m on d pl an t is Professor of European Political Thought at the University of Southampton and a Member of the House of Lords. He was a Home affairs spokesperson for the Labour Party from 1992 to 1996, and Master of St Catherine's College, Oxford, from 1994 to 2000. Lord Plant's main publications are Social and Moral Theory in Casework (1970), Community and Ideology: An Essay in Applied Moral Philosophy (1974), Hegel (1974), Political Philosophy and Social Welfare (with H. Lesser and P. TaylorGooby, 1979), Philosophy, Politics and Citizenship (with A. Vincent, 1983), Hegel: Second Edition (1983) and Modern Political Thought (1994). POLITICS, THEOLOGY AND HISTORY R AY M O N D P L A N T University of Southampton...
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...The thesis focuses on the struggle between various polical, racial, and cultural groups for hegemony over South Africa's poetic development. Such issues as language, ideology, and censorship are explored insofar as they in! .luence t:ne content and structure of the poetry. This body of poems, sadly, is little studied in North America. The thesis presents an introduction to and a survey of the major tendencies in South African poetry and, in part, attempts to relate the poetry's role in expressing the commitment of these poets to the ending of apartheid and the eventual resolution of the conflict for freedom. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Alan Bishop, for all his consideration and support as well as for his assistance with locating source materials and for his extremely beneficial criticism. I...
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...Life of Pi 95 The Heroic Pattern in Life of Pi Hui-Fen Hsu Applied English Department National Taichung University of Science and Technology Lecturer Abstract This paper examines the universal structure of a mythological hero’s adventure in Life of Pi. The theory is based on Joseph Campbell’s The Hero with a Thousand Faces, which illustrated and distilled heroic patterns from various cultures. The hero’s journey has three stages: separation, initiation, and return. Answering a call to adventure, the hero departs from his familiar world and ventures into a region of supernatural wonder. Miraculous forces are encountered there and a decisive victory is won. He then returns from this mysterious land, bringing an elixir to bene¿t his fellow men. Through this journey of trials, the hero transforms his former self and achieves spiritual growth. Such heroes range from monster slayers to spiritual leaders such as the Buddha and Christ. Life of Pi is a fantasy adventure novel about an Indian boy who survives a shipwreck by drifting on a lifeboat with a tiger. His adventure ¿ts Joseph Campbell’s hero archetype. Similar to the mythological hero, Pi departs from his familiar land of India, answering the call for adventure to a new country. Protected by the supernatural powers of Hinduism, Catholicism, and Islam, he penetrates the dangerous and mysterious realm of the Pacific Ocean. After experiencing harsh ordeals, he returns to the human world with a life-enhancing...
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...Essays in Banking and Risk Management by James Ian Vickery B.Ec.(Hons), University of New South Wales (1997) Submitted to the Department of Economics in partial fulllment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY September 2004 c ° James Ian Vickery, MMIV. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to Massachusetts Institute of Technology permission to reproduce and to distribute copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Department of Economics August 15 2004 Certied by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ricardo Caballero Ford International Professor of Economics Thesis Supervisor Accepted by. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peter Temin Elisha Gray II Professor of Economics Chairperson, Department Committee on Graduate Studies Essays in Banking and Risk Management by James Ian Vickery Submitted to the Department of Economics on August 15 2004, in partial fulllment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics Abstract This thesis consists of three essays at the intersection...
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...subsidiary. corponlte. and host country factors. Authors William P. Wan. Associate Professor of Management. Departillent of Global Business. Thunderbird. The Garvin School of lmernalional Managcment, Glcndale. Arizona. USA. Amy J. Hillman. Associate Professor and Dean's Council of 100 Scholar. Departmcnt of ManagemCIlt. W.P. Carey School of Busilless. Arizona State University. Tempe. Arizona. USA. Manuscript receivcd July 2004. final rcvision rcceived Septcmber 2005. mlr vol. 46. 200611 85 William P. Wan/Amy J. Hillman Introduction Multinational enterprises (MNEs). defined as those corporations that "engage in foreign direct investment (FDI) and own or control value-adding activities in more than one country" (Dunning 1992. p. I). have received a great deal of attention in the fields of international business and strategic management in the past several decades. Of key interest to MNE scholars and practitioners is how corporate strategy is managed across subsidiaries. often operating in...
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