...What Are Economies Of Scale? September 06 2009| Filed Under » Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall, Economies of Scale, When more units of a good or a service can be produced on a larger scale, yet with (on average) less input costs, economies of scale (ES) are said to be achieved. Alternatively, this means that as a company grows and production units increase, a company will have a better chance to decrease its costs. According to theory, economic growth may be achieved when economies of scale are realized. Adam Smith identified the division of labor and specialization as the two key means to achieve a larger return on production. Through these two techniques, employees would not only be able to concentrate on a specific task, but with time, improve the skills necessary to perform their jobs. The tasks could then be performed better and faster. Hence, through such efficiency, time and money could be saved while production levels increased. Just like there are economies of scale, diseconomies of scale (DS) also exist. This occurs when production is less than in proportion to inputs. What this means is that there are inefficiencies within the firm or industry resulting in rising average costs. Internal and External Economies of Scale Alfred Marshall made a distinction between internal and external economies of scale. When a company reduces costs and increases production, internal economies of scale have been achieved. External economies of scale occur outside of a firm...
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...The new law will also establish a Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation, effective January 2011, to oversee and test these and other innovative payment methods. Priority will be given to models that both improve quality and reduce costs, such as medical homes, accountable care organizations that assume responsibility for quality and cost across the continuum of patient care, funding for care coordination, and bundled payment for hospital acute and post-acute care. By increasing primary care payment rates, and making low-interest student loans more available, the Affordable Care Act also aims to increase the supply of primary care physicians and advanced practice nurses, making it easier for patients to find a primary care provider. Better access to community health centers able to serve more patients. Federally qualified health centers provide comprehensive primary care and mental health services to some of our nation's most vulnerable individuals and families. Recent Commonwealth Fund analysis shows that of the 16 million patients who received care from health centers in 2007, 90 percent were at or below 200 percent of the federal poverty level, 45 percent had public insurance, and 40 percent had no insurance at all. The Affordable Care Act expands funding to community health centers by $11 billion over five years beginning in 2010; provides state grants for health care providers that serve a large percentage of medically underserved populations; and provides...
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...CONFIGURATION FOR ZTE ZXDSL 831 (TYPE-1) 1-LAN/1-USB 1. Connect your computer with LAN cable or USB cable (ensure that the driver of USB should be preinstalled in your computer by the CD provided) 2. Open your internet explorer and type 192.168.1.1 in the address bar. Type the username and password as “admin”. 3. Click Configuration on the LHS, click Internet. For customers using dialer for broadband 1. Delete the entry with PVC name pppoe_0_35 with the help of the icon provided on the right hand side of this row. 2. After deleting the entry 0/35, click Add on bottom. 3. Edit the VCI value as 35 instead of 38 (service category should be UBR without PCR), click Next. 4. Select Protocol as Bridging with Encapsulation type as LLC/SNAP. Click Next. 5. Leave the IP address page and Click Next. 6. Click Apply. It will take a moment to apply your settings. 7. Click System on Left hand side and click the sub title Reset and Restart. 8. Without checking the check box Reset to factory default settings, click Restart directly to get your modem reboot, after the modem gets rebooted, connect your broadband by using the Dialer on your desktop. For customer using Always On mode 1. Click edit (Pencil type icon)button in the PVC Name pppoe_0_35. 2. Confirm VCI as 35, click Next. 3. Select Protocol as PPPoE and encapsulation as LLC/SNAP. Click Next. 4. Leave Blank the WAN IP settings and...
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...Marketing strategy In-N-Out’s marketing strategy will involve developing a unique “more for less” positioning based on the quality of their products, their excellent service, and quick but comfortable atmosphere. The company will establish differentiation from its competitors by offering a good quality and healthy veggie patty option for the non-meat eaters segment of the fast food market. The veggie patty will focus specifically on the vegetarian/non-meat eater market which includes all ages. Subsets include health conscious and socially responsible eaters, as well as vegetarians and vegans. In-N-Out is positioned on an “more for less” proposition. This differentiates it from its competitors by emphasizing its great quality at low prices....
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...Inside the Marketing Strategy of the In-N-Out Burger Chain By: Nichole Fitzhugh Ted Watterson Cathy Nguyen Chris Nguyen Kieu Le California State University, San Marcos Marketing 302 Professor George Sharghi May 5, 2011 Introduction While cruising the freeway along the Sothern California coastline, it is becoming increasing possible to spot a giant sign with a yellow boomerang; this brightly illuminated boomerang is most associated with the infamous restaurant In-N-Out. It was founded by Harry and Esther Snyder in 1948, and established in Baldwin Park, California. Since then, the restaurant has continued to satisfy and entice customers from all over, including the East, West, North, and South coasts. Its popularity stems from its simple yet appetizing menu, which consists of three types of burgers: hamburger, cheeseburger, and the Double-Double. They also carry fresh cut fries, and three varieties of drinks, including milk, shakes, and sodas. In-N-Out’s arguably most unique item is its “spread,” also referred to as its special sauce. The Businessweek article, In-N-Out Burger’s Marketing Magic, outlines the restaurant’s marketing strategies. In-N-Out does not advertise on television, but relies on advertising through their billboards, bumper stickers, t-shirts, and satisfied fans. The yellow boomerang is wielded as an arrow to point in the direction of their restaurant. However, their most successful marketing...
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...The N-word dates back to the early 17th century, so why is it still such a big deal in literature, music and daily conversations? Joseph Henry Jackson once said, “Did you ever hear anyone say, ‘That work had better be banned because I might read it and it might be very damaging to me’?” Today s younger generation is far more comfortable with the N-word. It is often used in slang as a term of endearment or to show comfort and trust around someone. This often causes confusion in older generations and upsets them for the reason that they were raised in a time period where it was taught to use the N-word as a derogatory term to belittle someone’s humanity or social status in a community. The N-word, to some, is the ugliest racial slur created, and its purpose was to vilify African Americans. But to others, it is a reminder of the tumult their ancestors faced and how far they have come. In 1837, the “n-word” was already considered a huge slur when Hosea Easton wrote The Condition of Colored People of the United States: and the Prejudice Exercised Towards Them. He writes that the term would be perfectly harmless in theory, but instead, it is used with the intent to deliberately make African Americans feel inferior. The word has the same definition today, and that suggests that the word itself has not evolved at all from 1837 until now. Rather, people have evolved around the word and have become aware of the word’s...
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...B R A N D P L A N N I N G 1 < CONTENTS PAGE CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Chapter 1 BRAND POSITIONING MODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Chapter 2 BRAND RESONANCE MODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Chapter 3 BRAND VALUE CHAIN MODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 B R A N D P L A N N I N G 5 INTRODUCTION Great brands are no accidents. They are a result of thoughtful and imaginative planning. Anyone building or managing a brand must carefully develop and implement creative brand strategies. To aid in that planning, three tools or models are helpful. Like the famous Russian nesting “matrioshka” dolls, the three models are inter-connected and become larger and increasing in scope: The first model is a component into the second model; the second model, in turn, is a component into the third model. Combined, the three models provide crucial micro and macro perspectives to successful brand building. Specifically, the three models are as follows, to be described in more detail below: 1. Brand positioning model describes how to establish competitive advantages in the minds...
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...In-N-Out Burger Review | | | | | Santosh Gowda | | | IN – N – OUT BURGER 1. Feedback found on page 141. “. . . They were given specific on-the-job training during slow periods and a considerable amount of feedback on their performance.” 2. Communication found on page 136-137. “. . . Rich had relied heavily on verbal and visual communication techniques.” 3. Giving back to Community found on page 156 “. . . It came from Rich’s belief that improving the lives of children was the cornerstone to creating a better society.” Giving back to Community found on page 157. “. . . Rich looked to fund outlets that shared his desire to help, supporting several groups that aided victims of child abuse, organizing several fund-raisers. He was said to have denoted thousands of dollars to the Make-A-Wish Foundation, the organization that granted wishes to terminally ill children.” Giving back to community found on page 157. “. . . In 1984, they established the Child Abuse Fund specifically to raise awareness of and channel funds to abused and disadvantaged children in the cities and counties where in IN-N-Out Burger did business.” Giving back to community found on page 93. “. . . Harry and Esther believed in serving the communities in which In-N-Out operated. The Snyder’s made any number of charitable donations, and their efforts at promotion were often connected to grassroots community and philanthropic endeavors.” 4. Rumors found on page 197. “. . . Following...
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...n-N-Out Case Study 1. Describe In-N-Out in terms of the value it provides for customers. In-N-Out has really achieved in building customer relationships. In fact, it is mentioned that its customer satisfaction scores are the highest compared to any fast-food restaurant in its market areas. The average per-store sales for In-N-Out eclipse those of McDonalds and are double the industry average! The fact that there are “secret menu” items I believe adds a customer lifetime value. It has kept customers coming back and has made them share the secrets to their friends from word of mouth. 2. Evaluate In-N-Out’s performance relative to customer expectations. What is the outcome of this process? Satisfied customers buy again and tell others about their good experiences. When people go to In-N-Out burger, they expect quality, from the slogan “Quality you can taste.” Their performance has been so successful that hey have never changed their formula. More importantly, they have never changed their menu. For In-N-Out, quality food means fresh food and they have lived up to their name. The outcome of them having great customer satisfaction has led them to have the highest scores. 3. Do you think In-N-Out should adopt a high growth strategy? Why or why not? In-N-Out should stick to its slow growth strategy. They have been the exception to all of the rules and they have been extremely successful, exceeding everyone’s expectations! I agree that its scarcity adds to its allure. The fact...
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...In-N-Out Case Study 1. Describe In-N-Out in terms of the value it provides for customers. In-N-Out has really achieved in building customer relationships. In fact, it is mentioned that its customer satisfaction scores are the highest compared to any fast-food restaurant in its market areas. The average per-store sales for In-N-Out eclipse those of McDonalds and are double the industry average! The fact that there are “secret menu” items I believe adds a customer lifetime value. It has kept customers coming back and has made them share the secrets to their friends from word of mouth. 2. Evaluate In-N-Out’s performance relative to customer expectations. What is the outcome of this process? Satisfied customers buy again and tell others about their good experiences. When people go to In-N-Out burger, they expect quality, from the slogan “Quality you can taste.” Their performance has been so successful that hey have never changed their formula. More importantly, they have never changed their menu. For In-N-Out, quality food means fresh food and they have lived up to their name. The outcome of them having great customer satisfaction has led them to have the highest scores. 3. Do you think In-N-Out should adopt a high growth strategy? Why or why not? In-N-Out should stick to its slow growth strategy. They have been the exception to all of the rules and they have been extremely successful, exceeding everyone’s expectations! I agree that its scarcity adds to its allure. The fact...
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...Associate Level Material Appendix N Topic Sentences and Supporting Paragraphs Topic Sentences When you write, you form paragraphs. A paragraph is a group of sentences that relate in topic and thought. A paragraph generally consists of three to five sentences and usually begins with a topic sentence. A topic sentence is a general statement that announces what the paragraph is about. By starting a paragraph with a topic sentence, your audience may immediately identify your topic. This construction also helps you, the writer, stay focused on your subject. Consider the following example of an essay introduction: The first sentence is the topic sentence: It tells the readers they will learn about past narratives. The sentences that follow the topic sentence relate to the topic sentence because they provide examples of past narratives. Finally, the last sentence is the thesis of the essay, which expresses the author’s position on the topic and previews what the entire paper is about. You learn more about writing effective introductions later in this course. Supporting Paragraphs Every paragraph after your introduction must be a supporting paragraph. A supporting paragraph supports or proves your thesis. All supporting paragraphs must include a topic sentence. You may then develop the supporting paragraphs within your paper by using one or more of the following methods: • Examples and illustrations • Data, facts, or historical...
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...A PROJECT REPORT ON Detail Study Of HDFC Mutual Fund Submitted For the partial fulfillment of the requirement for The Degree of MBA Submitted by: MD NABEEL Registration No. –070651940 MBA –IV Trimester SESSION (2007-2009) INTERNAL GUIDE JYOTSHNA RAI IIPM - School Of Management BIJU PATNAIK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY ROURKELA, ORISSA. DECLARATION I do hereby declare that the project entitled “DETAIL STUDY OF HDFC- MUTUAL FUND” submitted as a part of the requirement for the partial fulfillment of Master of Business Administration at BIJU PATNAIK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, ORISSA is an original piece of work done by me under the guidance of • Mr Manmohan Mohapatra (Branch manager) • Mr Sanket Swaroop • Mr Vikash Gupta. At HDFC Mutual Fund , Rourkela has not been submitted for award of any degree else where in part or full. Name:-Md Nabeel Regd :-0706519040 [pic] certificate of the Guide This is to certify that the work entitled “DETAIL STUDY OF HDFC- MUTUAL FUND” is a piece of Summer Project Report done by MD NABEEL, student of MBA IV Trimester IIPM SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT, Kansbahal , Rourkela bearing Reg. No 0706519042 under my guidance and supervision for partial fulfillment of MBA curriculum of BIJU PATNAIK UNIVERSITY...
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...Assignment 1: Innovation from Google’s Free Food Strategy Business 302-Management Concepts Chanel Stryker May 1, 2016 Professor: Michael Brizek Google is the world’s leading search engine and is also an amazing company to work for. Googles mission is to organize the worlds information and make it universally accessible and useful. "The current pre-dominant business model for commercial search engines is advertising" (Spencer, n.d.). Google's search engine has ranked number 1 in the Alexa index proving itself to be the leader in search engine usage. This can also be noted that Google has become synonymous with web search. Often you will hear how people would "google" the information rather than "search" for it. "The other side of Google's hugely successful business plan is innovation" (Spencer, n.d.). This is demonstrated in the products and services that Google incorporates into its brand. (Spencer, C. n.d.). Google was named number 1 by Fortune for best company to work for. Google makes sure to provide its employees with all of the best and make sure they have a workplace that employees enjoy. Google believes that if you are satisfied with where you are employed and you have everything you need it increases productivity and innovation. Since Google offers the best to their employees they obviously seek the best; however, the strategies they use for hiring are out of the norm and some may say unorthodox. In a conversation with The New York Times’ Tom Friedman, Google’s...
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...Apartheid (Afrikaans pronunciation: [ɐˈpartɦɛit]; an Afrikaans[1] word meaning "the state of being apart", literally "apart -hood")[2][3] was a system of racial segregation in South Africa enforced through legislation by the National Party (NP) governments, the ruling party from 1948 to 1994, under which the rights, associations, and movements of the majority black inhabitants were curtailed and Afrikaner minority rule was maintained. Apartheid was developed after World War II by the Afrikaner-dominated National Party and Broederbond organisations and was practised also in South West Africa, which was administered by South Africa under a League of Nations mandate (revoked in 1966 via United Nations Resolution 2145),[4] until it gained independence as Namibia in 1990.[5] By extension, the term is nowadays currently used for every kind of segregation, established by the state authority in a country, against the social and civil rights of a certain group of citizens, due to ethnic prejudices.[citation needed] Racial segregation in South Africa began in colonial times under Dutch rule.[6] Apartheid as an officially structured policy was introduced following the general election of 1948. Legislation classified inhabitants into four racial groups—"black", "white", "coloured", and "Indian", the last two of which were divided into several sub-classifications[7]—and residential areas were segregated. From 1960 to 1983, 3.5 million non-white South Africans were removed from their homes...
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...The “N-Word” The use of the “n-word” in hip-hop culture and among the Black community has continually caused turmoil between groups who believe that is a form of liberation and those who believe that it is continuing the oppression that the minority is already faced with. In history, there have been many groups of people who have been discriminated against, and labeled with a derogatory term by a higher power. Any group of individuals around the world has been represented by terms such as these. What many fail to recognize is that these terms are only words, and only carry weight and charge because as a society we allow them to. The appropriation of the “n-word” within the hip-hop and black community has lessened the charged of the word while allowing the community, whether an individual agrees to use it or not, to acknowledge the history of the word and still live outside of its shadow in the present. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary the word “nigger: is defined as “a black person,” and “members of any dark-skinned race” (Himma 512). Obviously, this definition seems oppressive as it is a racial slur toward a particular race, and has come under much controversy for not being changed. The NAACP has even suggested that it be redefined, but to no avail. The dictionary makes similar attacks toward gay men, defining them as “faggots” (Himma 512). The debate for that and other slurs that appear in this dictionary are all the same, and will bring up more controversy...
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