...an enterprise resident in a different economy (UNCTAD). There are two types of FDI, inflows and outflows, which can be used to help determine the investment strategies and economies of countries engaged in FDI. North America has been the source of nearly one-half of all investment and almost three-quarters of the jobs created throughout the globe (Huggins, 442). North America is probably the most important continent when it comes to dealing with FDI. The three main countries of North America, the United States, Canada, and Mexico, all rank in the top 15 of world economies, proving them to be desirable partners in FDI transactions. The trends of FDI discussed in this report will be unparalleled to this information and can lead to some predictions on how future trends of the countries of North America will continue to be superior to that of the other continents of the world. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, FDI Inflow, FDI Outflow Foreign Direct Investment is investment of a company located in a different country either by buying a company in the country or expanding its business into the country. FDI can be done for many purposes. Companies may have tax incentives abroad, cheaper labor, abundant resources, target-specific markets or other reasons to enter into direct investment with a foreign country. Three components of FDI include equity capital, reinvestment earnings, and intra-company loans. These three components are the values that, if changed, will affect FDI first-hand...
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...Randy M. Little Business Economics GM545 randym.little@gmail.com Why is frictional unemployment important? To discuss why frictional unemployment is important to the economy, one must understand what the terms mean. Frictional unemployment is when people are unemployed because they are seeking better positions. These individuals could be recent college graduates or people who are between jobs/waiting to start a new position (voluntary or involuntary). Stay at home parents returning to work. Friction unemployment should be viewed as a short unemployed term because those people are actively seeking new employment. The reason why frictional unemployment is important is because it allows the economy to be flexible, mobile and the choices of jobs are readily available for people to seek and choose from (Nayab. 2010). When there are options for individuals to seek better employment opportunities, it benefits companies as well. It encourages the individuals to find work that is going to be suited to their needs and skills (Carter, June 2011). That is a great benefit as people begin to hold out for the position they seek and not settling for a job just to have one. If the frictional unemployed start to take a position just for the sake of having a job, they will continue to seek other jobs of their choice and when one is found they would vacate their current position. The companies are able to seek, recruit, hire and retain a more skilled labor force. This truly benefits...
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...Abstract Over the past few decades, the global scenario has changed considerably with increased interdependence amongst nations and economies. This intertwining amongst nations and sharing of ideas and technology has been termed as “Globalization”. Globalization has been a buzzword of late, with heated discussions about its pros and cons. Some consider it to be a blessing for mankind while others take it as a curse. For some it has brought about material prosperity while others have become unemployed due to it. This paper tries to analyse the effect of Increased International Trade and Globalisation on the US economy. The first section discusses the pros and cons of Globalization while the second section discusses how globalization has lead to increased foreign trade. Thereafter, it discusses the effect of globalisation and increased foreign trade on the American economy. Introduction Trade is believed to have taken place throughout much of recorded human history, whether as barter or in exchange of currency. Till the 1800’s, trade was limited due to difficulties in transportation, communication and restrictive trade policies. However, in the mid 19th century, with advent of free trade and nation advantage concepts, trade started to pick up (Daniels & Sullivan, International Business and Operation). Although international trade has been present throughout much of history, for example Silk Route, its economic, social, and political importance have increased in recent...
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...Affect on the World Every nation is always in contention with one another. For every civilization that triumphs, others must suffer. For a majority of human history the strongest nations were comprised into a group known as the West. The west is home to the ideologies of democracy, capitalism, and consumerism. The idea of democracy has been forced upon many nations in the world by the Western states. Democracy however has been shown to be a very easily manipulated system. Capitalism has shown the need for expansion and exploitation over Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The west has always been in contention with other nations, along with contending with each other. Competition between western nations has led to a technological race and an arms race, which is now more apparent than ever in the United States. With military might came the need to take over other nations and thus the ideas of imperialism, and nation aristocracy. Africa, Latin America, and Asia has suffered and continues to suffer a great deal because of the triumph of the west through exploitation, expansion, and wealth, all major goals of capitalism and imperialism. The West has retarded the development in all facets for many countries in Africa, Latin America, and Asia and thus led to the suffering of the world. One of the oldest ideologies from the west to the world is democracy. Democracy comes from the Greek words “demo” meaning people and “kratia” meaning rule, therefore rule of the people. Democracy...
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...Cookson Group Financial Analysis Group Members: Word count: 4978 4/30/2010 Cookson CONTENTS 2 1. Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………4 2. Company Profile ………………………………………………………………………………………..……….5 3. SWOT Analysis ………………………………………………………………………………..…………………6 4. Operations Analysis ……………………………………………………………………………..…………….7 4.1 Group Overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………7 4.2 Ceramics Division…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….8 4.3 Electronics Division…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………11 4.4 Precious Metals Division…………………………………………………………………………………………………………13 5. Sector Analysis …………………………………………………………………………………………………15 5.1 General Industrial Sector ………………………………………………………………………………………………………15 5.2 Industry Conglomerates Subsector……………………………………………………………………………………….16 5.2.1 Industry Conglomerates VS Industrial Machinery and Equipment……………… ………….16 5.2.2 Firms within Industry Conglomerates …………………………………………………………………………17 5.3 Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………18 6. Strategy ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…19 6.1 Central Strategies ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..19 6.2 Corporate Expansion - Acquisition…………………………………………………………………………………………22 6.3 Response to Financial Crisis…………………………………………………………………………………………………….23 6.4 Future Prospects……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………23 6.5 Comparison with Major Competitors……………………………………………………………………………………….24 7. Financial Analysis ……………………………………………………………………………………………25...
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...Sustainable development (SD) is a pattern of economic growth in which resource use aims to meet human needs while preserving theenvironment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come (sometimes taught as ELF-Environment, Local people, Future[citation needed]). The term 'sustainable development' was used by the Brundtland Commission which coined what has become the most often-quoted definition of sustainable development as development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."[1][2] Alternatively, sustainability educator Michael Thomas Needham referred to 'Sustainable Development' "as the ability to meet the needs of the present while contributing to the future generations’ needs."[3] There is an additional focus on the present generations responsibility to improve the future generations life by restoring the previous ecosystem damage and resisting to contribute to further ecosystem damage. Sustainable development ties together concern for the carrying capacity of natural systems with the social challenges faced by humanity. As early as the 1970s, "sustainability" was employed to describe an economy "in equilibrium with basic ecological support systems."[4]Ecologists have pointed to The Limits to Growth,[5] and presented the alternative of a "steady state economy"[6] in order to address environmental concerns. The concept of sustainable development is often...
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...drawbacks to globalisation. Hill (2014), describes globalisation as the merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge ‘global marketplace’. Firstly, the case study argues that globalisation has had detrimental effects on the natural environment. An increase in transport between countries due to international trade has resulted in increased CO2 emissions. Huwart et al (2013) argues that the aeroplane has been the main mode of transport to characterise globalisation, seeing an increase in greenhouse gas emissions by 86% between 1990 and 2004 due to aviation. However, globalisation is not only effecting the natural environment, it’s also using up it’s finite resources more quickly. For example, China joined the world trade organisation in December 2001. By 2008, it’s coal use had doubled (Tverberg, 2013). The next drawbacks according to the case study are: local job losses (leading to devastation in local economies), exploited workers in LEDC’s and child labour. Globalisation transfers jobs from developed countries to less developed countries – known as offshoring. Cavusgil et al (2013:76) defines offshoring as “the relocation of manufacturing and other value-chain activities to cost effective locations abroad.” E.g. In the US, the % of US citizens with jobs began to drop around roughly the same time China joined the WTO in 2001. One of the main arguments against child labour is that it prevents children from attending school. It is thought that by 2012...
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...| Asian Crisis of 1997 | | | Prepared by:Azra Becirovic and Sanela Bilalic | | April 21, 2012 | Long before Asian financial crisis has started, South Korea, Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia had an increasing economic performance; economy was fast growing, saving rates were high, and inflation low. Turning point in Asian economy was 2 July 1997, the day when Thai Baht fell around 20 % against the $US. “It all began in Thailand’ summarizes the conventional explanation of the early stages of the crisis.” (Hill, p.3) How it all began, what factors caused the crisis, what segments were affected the most, what was the backup plan, and what policies should have been taken to prevent the crisis are the points that this paper will cover. First and Second-Generation Models According to 1996 annual report of Bank for International Settlements (BIS), pre-crisis fundamentals exhibit economic performance of Asian countries. They’ve experienced moderate inflation rates of about 6%, high savings rate of 32%, and trade openness indicators of 39%. Table 1: East Asian Economic Conditions Before Crisis Although accounting and macroeconomic analytics have failed to foreseen the currency crisis, which is inevitable, first and second-generation models explain us was it due to weakening macroeconomic fundamentals or financial contagion. In accordance to first-generation model developed by Krugman 1979, market-speculative movements, in response to policies, are incompatible...
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...Dumping The rich world tells the poor world to get rid of subsidies, but continues to spend $1 billion a day subsidizing its own farming enterprises. Rich countries dump subsidized produce on developing countries, driving down the price of local produce - with devastating effects on the local economy. This unbalanced playing field has made many poor farmers even poorer, or forced them off their land completely. Definition of 'Anti-Dumping Duty' A protectionist tariff that a domestic government imposes on foreign imports that it believes are priced below fair market value. In the United States, anti-dumping duties are imposed by the Department of Commerce and often exceed 100%. They come into play when a foreign company is selling an item significantly below the price at which it is being produced. The logic behind anti-dumping duties is to save domestic jobs, although critics argue that this leads to higher prices for domestic consumers and reduces the competitiveness of domestic companies producing similar goods. Investopedia explains 'Anti-Dumping Duty' Some people believe that a foreign company will even lower the price of the product it is “dumping” below its own cost to manufacture the good in order to drive domestic competitors out of business and later raise prices. Even when a foreign company sells its exports at the same or a higher price than they sell for in the company's home country, the importing country can decide that the exporter is guilty of “dumping” and impose...
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...In 1991 n. Krugman is the outstand- ing international economist among his generation and has played a leading role in virtually every important development in international economics during the past decade, making path-breaking contributions to the "nonmonetary" theory of international trade and, in the study of open-economy macroeconomics, to the analysis of the determinants of exchange-rate movements. While in its sheer volume Paul Krugman's scholarly output has been nothing short of phenomenal, the quality of the individual papers and their impact has been still more impressive. If he has not been the sole contributor to the major reorientations with which his name is associated in our thinking about international economics, and about economics more generally, it must be acknowledged that in remark- ably many instances he was first and most influential. Paul Krugman joined The New York Times in 1999 as a columnist on the Op-Ed Page and continues as professor of Economics and International Affairs at Princeton University.Mr. Krugman received his B.A. from Yale University in 1974 and his Ph.D. from MIT in 1977. He has taught at Yale, MIT and Stanford. At MIT he became the Ford International Professor of Economics.Mr. Krugman is the author or editor of 20 books and more than 200 papers in professional journals and edited volumes. His professional reputation rests largely on work in international trade and finance; he is one of the founders of...
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...Sample Exam KEY: Correct answer has the “>” beside it. 1. In the definition of Marketing, the KEY phrase that best describes Marketing is: a. The fact that it is a “Process” b. That it is both “planning and executing” > c. That it serves to “create exchanges” d. The satisfaction of “individual and organizational objectives” 2. Marketing is more than selling or advertising > a. True b. False 3. Production and Marketing provide 5 kinds of utility. The one that is appropriate for a product that is intangible is: > a. Task utility b. Possession utility c. Place utility d. Form utility 4. Which of the following is NOT one of the universal functions of marketing? a. Buying b. Transporting > c. Production d. Standardization and Grading 5. The social process that directs an economy’s flow of goods and services is: > a. Macro-marketing b. Magnum-marketing c. Micro-marketing d. Magic-marketing 6. In a Planned economic system: > a. People in government decide who makes what goods b. Business people decide who will make the goods c. Consumers decide what goods will be made d. Business and Consumers decide what goods will be desired and therefore made 7. Effective marketing solves problems of: a. Discrepancies of Quantity b. Discrepancies of Assortment c. Spatial Separation > d. All of the above 8. Those opposed to globalization of markets continue to protest at meetings of: a. NAFTA b. EU c. GATT > d. WTO ...
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...WWW.IBISWORLD.COM Automobile Electronics Manufacturing in the US April 2014 1 Plugged in: The industry will focus on energy efficiency during its recovery IBISWorld Industry Report 33632 Automobile Electronics Manufacturing in the US April 2014 Zachary Harris 2 2 2 2 3 About this Industry Industry Definition Main Activities Similar Industries Additional Resources 17 International Trade 19 Business Locations 34 Regulation & Policy 35 Industry Assistance 21 Competitive Landscape 21 Market Share Concentration 21 Key Success Factors 21 Cost Structure Benchmarks 23 Basis of Competition 24 Barriers to Entry 24 Industry Globalization 36 Key Statistics 36 Industry Data 36 Annual Change 36 Key Ratios 4 5 5 5 7 9 Industry at a Glance Industry Performance Executive Summary Key External Drivers Current Performance Industry Outlook 37 Jargon & Glossary 26 Major Companies 26 Denso Corporation 27 Delphi Corporation 28 TE Connectivity 11 Industry Life Cycle 13 Products & Markets 13 Supply Chain 13 Products & Services 15 Demand Determinants 16 Major Markets 32 Operating Conditions 32 Capital Intensity 33 Technology & Systems 33 Revenue Volatility www.ibisworld.com | 1-800-330-3772 | info @ibisworld.com WWW.IBISWORLD.COM Automobile Electronics Manufacturing in the US April 2014 2 About this Industry Industry Definition This industry manufactures motor vehicle parts that have or operate with the aid of small components...
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...Block IV MACROECONOMICS – II UNIT 17 Inflation 1-14 UNIT 18 Banking and Money Supply 15-31 UNIT 19 International Trade and Balance of Payments 32-50 UNIT 20 Economic Indicators 51-62 UNIT 21 Business Cycles 63-71 UNIT 22 Economic Growth, Development and Planning 72-84 Economics for Managers Expert Committee Dr. J. Mahender Reddy Vice Chancellor IFHE (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad Prof. Y. K. Bhushan Vice Chancellor IU, Meghalaya Prof. Loveraj Takru Director, IBS Dehradun IU, Dehradun Course Preparation Team Prof. Ramalingam Meenakshisundaram IFHE (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad Ms. Pushpanjali Mikkilineni IFHE (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad Mr. Pijus Kanti Bhuin IU, Sikkim Ms. Preetaq Dutta Rai IU, Jharkhand Ranchi Prof. S S George Director, ICMR IFHE (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad Dr. O. P. Gupta Vice Chancellor IU, Nagaland Prof. D. S. Rao Director, IBS, Hyderabad IFHE (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad Ms. Hadiya Faheem IFHE (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad Mr. Mrinmoy Bhattacharjee IU, Mizoram Aizawal Prof. Tarak Nath Shah IU, Dehradun Mr. Manoj Kumar De IU, Tripura Agartala © The ICFAI University Press, All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise – without prior permission in writing from The ICFAI University Press, Hyderabad. Ref. No. Eco Mgrs SLM – 09...
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...Trade and Economic Policy Reforms on Key Sectors of the Egyptian Economy PREPARED BY ATR Project SUBMITTED TO USAID/Cairo Ministry of Foreign Trade SUBMITTED BY Nathan Associates UNDER CONTRACT NO. PCE-I-00-98-00016-00 Task Order 827 2 April 2004 Contents Executive Summary Egypt’s Economy in Relation to the Global Marketplace Trade Policy and the International Trade Regime Impact of Trade Regime Changes on Subsectors Conclusions Next Steps 1. Introduction 2. Egypt’s Economy and Its Place in the Global Arena Egyptian Economy Today Structure of the Economy Labor force, Employment and Unemployment Macroeconomy and Balance of Payments Trade Patterns Macroeconomic and Trade Policy Reform Current Challenges Distinguishing Characteristics of Egypt’s Economy Water Resources and Growing Population Pressure Oil and Natural Gas Geographical Location Egyptian Culture Higher Education Socialism and Its Aftermath Egypt’s Comparative Advantage in the Global Economy Changing Global Economy Egypt’s Economy in Relation to Three Waves of Globalization Revealed Competitive Advantage Analysis v vi viii xi xiv xvi 1 5 5 5 7 8 10 12 13 14 14 16 16 16 17 18 19 19 22 25 II 3. Trade Policy and the International Trade Regime Current Trade Regime in Egypt Tariff Structure Non-tariff Barriers to Trade Multilateral, Regional, and Bilateral Agreements Multilateral Agreements Regional Agreements Bilateral Agreements Trade Regimes of Major Trading Partners Economic Impacts...
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...of New York-Plattsburgh Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo PART OUTLINE Chapter 1 Assessing the Environment—Political, Economic, Legal, Technological Chapter 2 Managing Interdependence: Social Responsibility and Ethics Assessing the Environment Political, Economic, Legal, Technological Outline Opening Profile: Economic Crisis Spreads Through Financial Globalization The Global Business Environment Globalization Globality and Emerging Markets Effects of Institutions on Global Trade Effects of Globalization on Corporations Regional Trading Blocs The European Union (EU) Asia Comparative Management in Focus: China's Economy Keeps on Chugging. The Americas Other Regions in the World The Russian Federation The Middle East Developing Economies The African Union The Globalization of Human Capital The Global Manager's Role The Political and Economic Environment Political Risk Political Risk Assessment Managing Political Risk Managing Terrorism Risk Economic Risk The Legal Environment Contract Law Other Regulatory Issues The Technological Environment Global E-Business Conclusion Summary of Key Points Discussion Questions Application Exercises Experiential Exercise Internet Resources Case Study: Indian BPOs Waking Up to the Philippines Opportunity? Management Focus: Intel...
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