...Nudes are a common controversy, seen all around in the media, magazines, television, and movies. But if you think back to all the nudes you’ve seen how many were women and how many were men. Then think about how many women were portrayed as a sexual versus how many men. All the comes to my mind is Jason Segals nude scene in Forgetting Sarah Marshall, which is in my opinion the most awkward nude scene in TV history. Relating back to your discussion, I was very intrigue by your discussion and how you talked about how if a man is aroused by a nude picture of a man then it questions his sexuality. A part of the research paper Men Are Much Harder: Gender Viewing of Nudes it states “… the real men should not want to be in a bars where naked men...
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...Fashion exploitation: The Female Form Why is it in recent years the naked female body has been exploited to sell clothing and products, and ultimately being the face of a brand? Is it becoming too close to pornography or is it acceptable in this modern day? In this dissertation I am going to explore the use of the naked female body and how it can be perceived as being ‘exploited’ in a pornographic way within the fashion world. Although the perception towards erotic and pornographic imagery in the media has changed drastically in the last 50 years since the sexual revolution, there are still different views on the use of it to sell and promote a product or brand. I will look into how Christianity sexualised the naked body, fetish influences to the fashion scene and how designers and fashion photographers have used the naked form. To begin with I will look into the definitions and meanings of some of the key terms in this dissertation such as pornography, erotica, nude and naked so I can relate the correct meanings to points in my argument. ‘Pornography is printed or visual material containing the explicit description or display of sexual organs or activity, intended to stimulate sexual excitement’ (Oxford Dictionary) we could compare this to modern advertisements for certain brands. Some people may say fashion advertisement and clothing is getting close to pornography as an overstatement, but in fact when you compare it to the definition of pornography it may not even come...
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...A veil is an article of clothing or cloth hanging that is intended to cover some part of the head or face, or an object of some significance. It is especially associated with women and sacred objects. One view is that as a religious item, it is intended to show honor to an object or space. The actual sociocultural, psychological, and sociosexual functions of veils have not been studied extensively but most likely include the maintenance of social distance and the communication of social status and cultural identity.[1][2] In Islamic society, various forms of the veil have been adopted from the Arab culture in which Islam arose The first recorded instance of veiling for women is recorded in an Assyrian legal text from the 13th century BC, which restricted its use to noble women and forbade prostitutes and common women from adopting it.[citation needed] The Mycenaean Greek term a-pu-ko-wo-ko meaning "craftsman of horse veil" written in Linear B syllabic script is also attested since ca. 1300 BC.[3][4] In ancient Greek the word for veil was "καλύπτρα" (kaluptra, Ionic Greek "καλύπτρη" - kaluptrē, from the verb "καλύπτω" - kaluptō, "I cover"[5]) and is first attested in the works of Homer.[6][7] Classical Greek and Hellenistic statues sometimes depict Greek women with both their head and face covered by a veil. Caroline Galt and Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones have both argued from such representations and literary references that it was commonplace for women (at least those of higher...
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... and religious ideologies.[2] In particular, the subject of women has accumulated controversial discussion in the visual arts because of consistencies witnessed across all these constructs. In exploring female representations in art, feminist scholars have particularly noted the perpetual limitations set upon women not only as subjects but as spectators. While artistic movements progressed over the centuries, it appears the connotations of women have remained stagnant. Even in the early 20th century which saw a turn in traditional gender roles, painting continued to be dominated by the male experience demonstrated in the guises of the nude, despite aesthetic and conceptual differences. Such control gave women little privilege to explore their own experience, resulting in a struggle of identity. After the mid 19th century, paintings of the nude increasingly replaced men with female subjects, although women contented to be absent from major art academies. Unlike their respectable counterparts, images of women actually reinforced ideologies of the power relationship...
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...movement. The art during this era included works that obviously dealt with the female body even if the artists did not fully establish themselves as feminists. On the other hand, there were artists, like Paul Gauguin, who represented women in a different way. He spent some time in Tahiti to change his inspiration for art and discovered different subjects that included young Tahitian women. His pieces were so different from the pieces during the feminist art movement because his art typically did not give a precise purpose or meaning. Feminist art was representing something so powerful that it almost always needed a strict meaning. Another piece of art that almost contradicts the feminist art movement is Olympia by Edouard Manet. Consisting of a nude woman, this painting could suggest the views of women by the artist and even their role in society. Looking at these three different types of art really helps understanding the difference of representation of women over the course of the years. The feminist art movement started in the 1960’s shortly after women gained the right to vote due to the women’s suffrage movement (Feminist art movement). These artists’ purposes did not just have to be representing women in a positive way. In my opinion, this movement represented the power of women and how the suffrage movement gave them that power. One of the most-known pieces of art, during this movement, is The Dinner Party by Judy Chicago. Today, this piece of art is a part of the Elizabeth...
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...photographing since the 1970s. She produces portraits, photos of buildings and architecture, and still life photographs. She has also begun to transition into a landscape photographer. She is best known for her photographs of her family, her three children and her husband Larry. Mann is known for her black and white wet collodion photos. Sally Mann is famous for her influential work, although her work has attracted much controversy at times, and “since her the time of her first solo exhibition, at the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington D.C., in 1977, she has attracted a wide audience.”(Woodward 29) There was much debate about some of Sally Mann’s work, especially when she published a collection of photographs of her children in 1990 called, “Immediate Family.” Mann’s collection included pictures of her young children topless or at times fully nude. When Mann came out with this body of work there was a outrage among the community about child pornography. Due to poor timing Mann’s work took the brunt of speculation simply because she photographed her children in the nude. Sally mentions while talking to her mother in a video that was made of her work, that as a child she never wore clothes, and that her children were no different. Mann states, “I really wasn’t trying to push anyone’s buttons, I just was responding to things that appealed to me.” (What Remains) The public viewed this as a possible form of pornography, while Mann simply viewed Immediate Family as raw...
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...imposed on her. Fascinated by the world of surrealism and avant-garde movement, Kusama states in her autobiography that Georgia O’Keeffe, best known as the Mother of American Modernism, was the reason she decided to begin her career in New York. “It was to her that I wrote of my desire to go to America at all costs. I enclosed several of my watercolors, even as I told myself I was mad to think she might ever reply” (Kusama, 2011). By the mid-1960s, Kusama established her fame through her groundbreaking exhibitions and naked happenings, where Kusama would draw polka dots on naked bodies of recruits. By 1973, depressed by the media backlash, Kusama returned to Japan and took a permanent residence in the Seiwa Hospital for the Mentally...
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...HUMN303 - DeVry University- April 21, 2013 Venus de Willendorf vs. Barbie With Time, Brings Change HUMN303 - DeVry University- April 21, 2013 Venus de Willendorf vs. Barbie With Time, Brings Change Introduction Venus de Willendorf is a statuette that first appeared during the Upper Paleolithic period. The exaggerated carvings of the body parts were how the artists of that time viewed women, fat and fertile. History often takes from the past to reinvent the future. Today’s society has the Barbie doll. Ruth Handler created it in 1959. Its long legs and slim figure has been worship by so many, that real women have undergone intense cosmetic surgeries to resemble the doll. Both figurines have gained notoriety based on the representation of women of their era, displayed their own meaning of beauty and cultures’ perception of it. Venus de Willendorf Venus de Willendorf, also known as the Woman of Willendorf, is a type of art statuette that was discovered sum 25,000 years ago. It was discovered in 1908 by the banks of the Danube River near the town of Willendorf in Austria during diggings led by Josef Szombathy. The statuette was carved from a rare oolitic (stone eggs) limestone using a flint tool. This particular type of stone was not available in the area it was located in, thus concluding the statuette was not created locally. Standing 4 3/8 inches (11.1 centimeters) tall, the figurine is noticeably rounded. It displays obese and voluptuous women’s body parts. It...
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...ABSTRACT The research is based upon the study of “Victoria’s Secret” Brand, it describes the brand’s evolution and its product line. The research covers semiotic analysis of Victoria’s Secret in terms of the Brand Ambassador, Visual Promotion material like Print Media, Brand Logo and other Graphics used in its promotion. However, the research does not cover in depth study of: marketing strategies, history and its several Product lines. “Buy the product, get the girl; or buy the product to get to be like the girl so you can get your man” CONTENT TOPIC PAGE NUMBER OBJECTIVE………………………………………………………………………… SIGNIFICANCE………………………………………………………………….. LIMITATIONS…………………………………………………………………… 1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………. 2. …………………………………………………………………………………. 2.1 The history of Victoria secret……………………………………. 2.2.1 The origin…………………………………………………………………………………. 2.2.2 A brief timeline…………………………………………………………………………. 2.2 VICTORIA SECRET PRODUCTS……………………………………. 2.3 SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS 2.3.1 Ad campaign 1 2.3.2 Ad campaign 2 2.3.3 Ad campaign 3 2.3.4 Ad campaign 4 3. CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY……………………………………. OBJECTIVES: * Introduction to Victoria’s Secret * Evolution Of the...
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...People for ethical treatment of animals (PETA) is a large organization with the goal of ending animal cruelty and promoting animal rights. There mission statement is: “PETA focuses its attention on the four areas in which the largest numbers of animals suffer the most intensely for the longest periods of time: on factory farms, in the clothing trade, in laboratories, and in the entertainment industry. We also work on a variety of other issues, including the cruel killing of beavers, birds, and other “pests” as well as cruelty to domesticated animals.”(peta) Though PETA seem like an organization that does great things, they go about getting what they want in a deplorable way. “PETA resorts to soft porno-graphic female nudity and graphic video recordings of animal abuse, it instills feelings of ‘shock’ on the target audience in order to get its point across.” (Matusitz, J. and Forrester, M. 85-86) The term for this king of advertising is shock advertising. “Shock advertising that startles and offends its audience has become a popular tool in advertising, especially since the 1980s.”(Pflaumbaum 1). PETA using shock advertising and pornographic themes is an ineffective and deplorable way to achieve the organization’s goals, which hurts the cause rather than helps. PETA has done a good deal of good things.PETA’s website has a timeline of there major milestones and accomplishments. In 2008 PETA pursued a lawsuit against Aviagen Turkeys which is a major producer of turkeys worldwide...
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...Abercrombie & Fitch: The Altering of Cultural Norms A Senior Project Presented to The Faculty of the Communication Studies Department California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Arts By Emily Nichole Pahler Dr. Bernard Duffy Senior Project Advisor Signature Date T. C. Winebrenner Department Chair Signature Date ©2009 Emily Nichole Pahler TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction……………………………………………………………………………........1 Justification……………………………………………………………………………........1 Critical Method Described………………………………………………………………….4 Object of Criticism…………………………………………………………………..…….13 Interpretation of A&F………………………………………………………………..…….16 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………21 Works Cited…………………………………………………………………………..........23 Appendices………………………………………………………………………………...26 i 1 INTRODUCTION Abercrombie and Fitch is a store that targets a specific audience to make their customers feel young and beautiful. The young adult population is lured into stores like Abercrombie and Fitch because of the store’s sex appeal. Young and beautiful adults are ready at the door ready to greet customers (see figure 1). In order to understand the impact of Abercrombie and Fitch on the young adult population, semiotics, the media, research studies and autoethnography will be utilized. Nonverbal and verbal communication is also analyzed throughout this paper through visual aids and marketing tag lines....
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...(Atwood, 2007) (Ippolito, 2010) History Facebook is a popular social networking website for people to communicate. It is founded by a Harvard University student name Mark Zuckerberg and his classmates. His Facebook idea begins when Mark was creating a website call Facemash for his university. His attention was to compile student's photos and allow others to decide the better looking person. However, he accomplish this task in an appropriate way that leads him to trouble. He hacks the Harvard's computer and stole the students ID images. This was found out by the university and press charges to Mark for security breaching, violating individual privacy and stealing. However, the charges were soon drop and he was not expelled from Harvard(Kaplan, 2003). After few days, Mark was visited by 3 Harvard students name Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss and Divya Narendra. They want Mark to participate in their idea call Harvard Connection, an idea that allows Harvard students to communicate among each other similarly like Friendster. However, Mark innovates the idea and created Facebook secretly. After few days when Facebook is launched problems starts to occur. Mark was accused by the Winklevoss brothers and Narendra that Mark had stole their idea of social network by making them to believe that Mark is working with them(O'Brien, 2010). The case has brought to judges and ended around year 2008(Stone, 2008). Today, Facebook has over 500million active users (Facebook, 2010) and...
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...Linzy Waltke Professor Andrew Forrester Discernment and Discourse 1313 5 May 2014 Sexism Sells: The Male Dominated Video Game Industry Only 4% of video game titles released in the past 10 years feature a playable female character as the leading role, and there are even fewer female protagonists on the list of the top grossing video games (ESA). This trend of male dominated storylines is evident in other forms of media as well: movies and television shows tend to be centered around men, but video games show the least diversity in protagonists and often have regressive views on women and their position in society. Women make up 20% of console video game players and 46% of computer and mobile game players in this 20 billion dollar a year industry, meaning they are contributing a large amount of profits (ESA). Despite their significant purchasing power, they are not represented equally as characters in games, and continue to be used as a plot device or sexual being to attract the male target audience. Neither are they allowed to be a compelling character with a story arc and personal growth as we see with the male protagonist. Female characters, when included, tend to be one dimensional and only valued for typically how they fit into traditional gender roles by being submissive and innocent. This narrow portrayal of women comes from the fact that the developers of video games are predominantly men. Only 11% of game designers are women and only 3% of programmers, even though...
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...American Apparel is a vertically integrated business located in Los Angeles, California. They are a retail company targeting individuals of all ages. They perform all aspects of the business from raw materials all the way to the customer’s shopping bag. ------------------------------------------------- Marketing Strategy and Supply Chain Product In 1989 when American Apparel was founded they began as a wholesale brand selling t-shirts to screen printers and boutiques. Since then it has grown to become a clothing manufacturer, wholesaler, and retailer. As the company grew American Apparel became a duel gender company selling products for men, woman, children, babies and even household pets. CEO Dov Charney uses his creative and almost sometimes wacky mindset to create fashion styles that are very unique that don’t follow the usual fashion trends for customers between the ages of 20-32. Since their wholesale days of selling T-shirts and underwear expressed has branched out by selling products for women including, leggings, leotards, tank tops, denim jeans and vintage clothing. For men products vary from denim jeans, belts, t-shirts, hooded sweatshirts and even shoes. Accessories include nail polish, sunglasses, and even bedding. With a plethora of clothing options and styles, APP always comes to the minds of the more young and free spirited people who are looking for something new and unique to wear. Place Contents * 1 Marketing Strategy and Supply Chain * 1.1 Product...
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...Carine Roitfeld Photo 1 手放在中間 有動作持續的感覺 Hand is in motion that makes the views conceive the on-going story. Photo 2 和服 東方元素 女性物化 (沒有臉) 東方等同女性 作為西方白人(americanized 80s)的玩物 Kimono is oriental/exotic factor. Model has no face no identity. Asian female that represents Asia is played by western (Americanized, dressed like 80’s) white man. kimono butterfly nailed on the wall Photo3 女性化上鬍子 與男性穿女性衣服 兩種詮釋 女性: 縱使可以買高貴物品 仍被家庭束縛 寧為男性 男性: 就算要向女性一樣在家 但也希望成為女性 因為有很多高貴東西可買 Two interpretations: woman with beard / man dressed like woman Female: even if she can shop luxury items, she is still bounded by family; so she wants to be a man. Male: even if he has to stay at home, he still wants to be a woman because he can buy many expensive things. Possible interpretation: woman tells man, you can keep me at home, if you buy me stuff. The beard is a reminder for man. She enlarged the audience by increasing the sales of vogue (121,226 in 2005 and now around 151,346 magazines sold) She makes the difference She takes risks--she allowed them to be more bold and free in their communication (she is willing to do the dirty work) She is inspirational She is creative She is influential She is visionary She is pioneering She enlarged the visibility of luxury fashion houses troughout scandals, buzz, word of mouth.. 1. She brought fresh air into dull fashion press -- Fashion magazine was no longer a catalog. She knows that we need three things from a French editor of...
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