...guide to the Bash command-line shell and shell scripting Author(s):Paul Venezia Source:InfoWorld.com. (Mar. 8, 2013): Document Type:Article Copyright : COPYRIGHT 2013 InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. http://www.infoworld.com/ Full Text: Byline: Paul Venezia Few aspects of Unix system administration are more intimate than the relationship between the admin and their chosen shell. After all, the shell is the most fundamental interface to the system, the conduit for all command-line interactions. Thus, it's important to have a solid foundation in whatever shell you choose. There are many different shells available, from Ash to Zsh. They all differ in many ways, and some (such as Csh and Tcsh) vary wildly from the others. Each has its selling points. However, because Bash has become the de-facto standard shell on most Unix-like operating systems and can generally be found everywhere, it makes an excellent place to start, even if you ultimately choose a different shell for daily use. [ How to get started with MySQL | How to install Apache on Linux | Prove your expertise with the free OS in InfoWorld's Linux admin IQ test round 1 and round 2. | Track the latest trends in open source with InfoWorld's Open Sources blog and Technology: Open Source newsletter. ] This is not designed to be an exhaustive tutorial, but is structured to introduce you to shells in general and Bash in particular, touching on many common aspects and elements of the shell. It is intended to provide...
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...Bash Guide for Beginners Machtelt Garrels Garrels BVBA Version 1.11 Last updated 20081227 Edition Bash Guide for Beginners Table of Contents Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................1 1. Why this guide?...................................................................................................................................1 2. Who should read this book? .................................................................................................................1 3. New versions, translations and availability.........................................................................................2 4. Revision History..................................................................................................................................2 5. Contributions.......................................................................................................................................3 6. Feedback..............................................................................................................................................3 7. Copyright information.........................................................................................................................3 8. What do you need? .......................................................................................................................
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...experience and its translation into words suggesting an experience of great intensity. The setting is an old Boche dug-out’ which a party of English troops has taken, but not without being seen: consequently, it comes under enemy fire, ‘shell on frantic shell’ pounding its position. The co-opted dug-out is a ‘hell’ on earth, not only because of the artillery bombardment, but also because of the bad weather. It is raining heavily: into the dug-out pour ‘waterfalls of slime’ with the result that the men stand in ‘slush waist-high’ and cannot climb out. The first line “We'd found an old Boche dug-out, and he knew,” owen uses “he” as a derogatory term for all the soldiers of the opposition. This line is also an enjambment as the first line and its thought continues to the next line. The second and third line describe the “shells” or bombs “And gave us hell, for shell on frantic shell Hammered on top, but never quite burst through” – here owen describes how the shells never penetrated into the place they were, but the shells were close. He also uses a figure of speech, namely personification, to describe the shells as frantic. The words “hell” and shell” in the second line have an internal rhyming. And the repition of the word shell tells the readers that the bombing was one after the other. The next to lines tells the readers how the bad weather adds on to the soldiers misery, how even nature was not on their side now. “waterfall made of slime” is an oxymoron because...
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...containing one or two shells with a few exceptions. They are soft-bodied bilaterally symmetrical animals with organs present in a fluid-filled cavity hence soft bodied referring to word mollusc (latin). Classification of the Molluscs has major turmoil of instability in the Animal Kingdom. Since, most of the resources and text books use old system of classification, and that is stable, easy to recognize, and complies with Cambridge Zoology Museum, so we are adapting that very system for their identification. Habitat of Molluscs Molluscs occupy mostly marine and moist environments that are why some of them have rudiments of amphibians they kept along during the evolutionary attempts. Some of the gastropods however, dwell in the freshwater also. Others occupy the bottoms of lakes depending on their feeding habits. Some of the molluscs reach the terrestrial environments e.g. snails and slugs. Habitat of the shells typically affect their adaptive structural formation and hence identification. The lines of the shells are dependent upon the tidal emersions. Also, the internal tidal indications of the structure indicate micro-growth line formation in molluscs from sub-tidal areas (Mirzaei et al., 2014). Classfication of the molluscs has classicaly been associated with the structure of the radula or structure of the shell. Within the phylum Mollusca, there are seven classes (Barnes et al., 1993); viz Aplacophora – solenogastrids and caudofoveates (without shells); Cephalopoda – octopi...
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...The Effectiveness of Using Mussel Shells as an Alternative Ingredient in Making Bricks Chapter I ABSTRACT Waste management has been a problem since then because lots of wastes are not used efficiently- needing the people to make a move to convert these wastes into useful things. Thus, this study is undertaken to contribute to the ideas of waste management programs and to find out the effectiveness of mussel shells as an alternative material in making bricks. This study intends to make eco-friendly and affordable bricks by combining the powdered mussel shells, sand and cement with an appropriate ratios. A series of experiments were conducted to study the effect of using mussel shells on the compressive strength and percentage of water absorption of the bricks. The bricks were tested at the construction materials testing center and it proved that the bricks can hold enough strength and can absorb much water. It showed that the sample 1 (3tahong:1cement) has a compressive strength of 3.75MPa which means it is considered as a non structural brick and it has a percentage of water absorption of 13.02%. Since using mussel shell as a component in making bricks will only produce a non structural brick, the researchers conducted another set of samples. Sample 2 can carry more loads 325kN than the two other samples 3 and 4, 275kN and 115kN but sample 2 can absorb more water 19.26% than the other two, 15.7%. Chapter II Introduction Background of the Study ...
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...Installing Server Roles with a Batch File 1. What does the /w switch do? Why is it used? “¹/W switch specifies the warning level of the MIDL compiler.” 2. What is the goal of port scanning? ServerManagerCmd.exe command-line tool can be utilized to install or remove Server 2008 Roles and Features. “Type the following, in which name represents the command name of the role, role service, or feature that you want to remove, and then press Enter. The -restart parameter restarts the computer automatically after removal is complete, if a restart of the computer is required. ” ServerManagerCmd.exe -remove name –restart”² 3. What is the command to start the DHCP Server service? “To start the DHCP service, use the command/sbin/service dhcpd start. To stop the DHCP server, use the command /sbin/service dhcpd stop.”³ 4. What command is used to configure a DNS zone? “dnscmd [ServerName] /zoneadd ZoneName ZoneType [/dp FQDN| {/domain|/enterprise|/legacy}] /load”⁴ References 1. /W switch. (n.d.). (Windows). Retrieved March 20, 2014, from http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa367383(v=vs.85).aspx 2. Dnscmd Syntax. (n.d.). : Domain Name System(DNS). Retrieved March 20, 2014, from http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc756116(v=ws.10).aspx#BKMK_22 3. Removing Server Roles and Features. (n.d.). Removing Server Roles and Features. Retrieved March 20, 2014, from http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732257.aspx 4. Start or stop...
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...blue or original aim-circles available through in-game settings - Visibility of aim-circles optimized - Crosshair colors optimized - Version of Artillery crosshair with shell travel time removed - XVM v3.5.0 included with config matching crosshair colors - Artillery and Tank Destroyer angle indicators moved to minimap (XVM) - Clock top left moved to config (XVM) - J1mB0’s logo added as player icon (XVM) 1.22 - World of Tanks v0.8.4 supported - Angle indicator added for Tank Destroyers 1.21 - World of Tanks v0.8.3 supported 1.20 - DebugPanel.swf reintroduced with clock - Font in FragCorrelation.swf fixed 1.19 - World of Tanks v0.8.2 supported - Clock removed - Angle indicator moved to FragCorrelation.swf 1.18 - World of Tanks v0.8.1 supported - Angle indicator for Artillery added - Clock added to DebugPanel 1.17 - World of Tanks v0.8.0 supported - Artillery aiming optimized - Angle indicator for Artillery removed 1.16 - World of Tanks v0.7.5 supported - My logo used as lag indicator - Center marker for Artillery angle indicator added - All sec changed to s 1.15 - World of Tanks v0.7.4 supported - Server side crosshairs removed - Performance optimized - Cassette indicators optimized - Angle indicator for Artillery added 1.14 - World of Tanks v0.7.3 supported - Distance indicators fixed - Design tweaked - Shell travel time added to crosshair_panel_strategic.swf - Max reload...
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...NT1210 Lab 5.4 Basic Network Troubleshooting Exercise 5.4.1 If you needed to determine the computer name used for node E on the network (starting from node A), what command would you use to get this information? Give the command sequence you would enter at the command line to retrieve this information. I already have the IP Addresses for all the workstations a simple Ping command in CMD will work. Windows+R will bring up run command type CMD or go to start menu then accessories CMD. From CMD we would type Ping –a 192.168.1.5 to retrieve the information we need. Exercise 5.4.2 What is the best (easiest and most efficient) command to determine whether all the hosts on the local-area network are reachable? You can assume that you are starting from computer A. List the command sequence(s) you would need to enter to test this functionality. Windows+R will bring up run command type CMD or go to start menu then accessories CMD. From CMD we would type Ping 192.168.1.5, Ping 192.168.1.4, and Ping 192.168.1.3, Ping 192.168.1.6, and Ping 192.168.1.2. This would be a quick easier way but for a more complex way type FOR /L %i IN (1,1,254) DO ping -n 1 192.168.1.%i | FIND /i "Reply">>c:\ipaddresses.txt in CMD. exercise 5.4.3 Exercise 5.4.3 If your computer (node A) is unable to reach the Internet, what is the best way to determine where the error is occurring using command-line networking? Give the command sequence you would use to determine this. Ping 192.168.1.4 Exercise...
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...1. Your organization routinely uses scripts, but as some employees have left, there are scripts that contain only command lines and no one is certain of their purpose. What steps can be taken to ensure a way for others to know the purpose of a script? C. Require that script writers place comment lines inside the scripts using the # symbol to begin each command line. 2. Which of the following shells enable the use of scripts? (Choose all that apply.) A. Bash B. csh D. zsh 3. You frequently use the command ls-a and want to save time by just entering l to do the same thing. Which of the following commands enables you to set your system to view hidden files by only entering l? D. alias l= "ls -a" 4. You have written a script, but when you run it there is an error. Which of the following commands can you use to debug your script? (Choose all that apply.) B. sh -v D. sh –x 5. You have written a shell program that creates four temporary files. Which of the following commands can you use to remove these files when the script has completed its work? A. trap 6. Which of the following commands work well for menus used in a script? (Choose all that apply.) B. case 7. You are currently in the soruce directory, which is the new directory you have just created for storying and running your scripts. You want to make certain that the source directory is in your default path. Which of the following commands enable you to view the current...
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...Week 06 Assignments Textbook Reading * Chapter 4 * Chapter 5 sections 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3 (pages 196-201) Week 06 Homework From the Gaddis textbook: * Programming Exercises 2, 6 and 9, on pages 160-161 For the Programming Exercises, design a program means write the pseudocode for the program. Except for Programming Exercise 2, your design should include multiple modules, not just main(). Upload a Microsoft Word document with the pseudocode to your shared PT1420 community website or submit a paper copy to your instructor by the beginning of the Week 7 class. Programing Exercises pg. 160-161 2. Areas of rectangles Module Main() Declare width1 integer = 0 Declare length1 integer = 0 Declare width2 integer = 0 Declare length2 integer = 0 Declare area1 integer = 0 Declare area2 integer = 0 Call rectangle1 (width1, length1, area1) Call rectangle2 (width2, length2, area2) Call comparison (rectangle1, rectangle2) Display “press enter to continue” End module Module rectangle1 (value width1 as integer, value length1 as integer, value area1 as integer) Display "Enter the width of rectangle 1” Input width1 Display "Enter the length of rectangle 1" Input length1 area1 = width1 * length1 End module Module rectangle2 (value width2 as integer, value length2 as integer, value area2 as integer) Display "Enter the width of rectangle 2” Input width2 Display "Enter the length of rectangle 2" Input length2 area2 = width2 * length2 End module ...
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...net/publication/228143324 The Tata Nano: The People's Car ARTICLE · JUNE 2009 CITATION READS 1 709 3 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Paul Farris University of Virginia 115 PUBLICATIONS 1,044 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Paul Farris Retrieved on: 08 January 2016 UVA-M-0768 Rev. Feb. 2 2011 24, THE TATA NANO THE PE T O: EOPLE’S CAR It was one of the longest t f t-awaited an most talke nd ed-about aut tomobile deb in India On buts a. January 10, 2008, Ta Motors unveiled its (U.S. dollar USD2,50 car1 (also called “Rs1 lakh ata u rs) 00 car” or “t people’s car”) at the ninth Auto Expo in New Delhi. The Tata Nano brought a m the s w o media blitz and a crush of onlookers th required top-level sec o hat t curity. Woul the car liv up to its h ld ve hype? ignal a new era for the sm car mar e mall rket in India How could Tata ensur the a? re And did its launch si w ofitable? product would be pro Widely touted as the chea W d apest car in the world, th Nano was scheduled to be availab in t he s ble September 2008. In addition to paying (Indian rupees) IN lakh— a p INR1 —equivalent t INR100,0 to 000— buyers would also have to pay 12.5% valu w h ue-added tax along wit charges s x th such as road and d transport tation taxes. The two-cy ylinder gaso oline-powere version w ed would debut first; the d t diesel versions would soon follow. The Nano wa one of th world’s most fuel-eff ...
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...UVA-M-0768 Rev. Feb. 2 2011 24, THE TATA NANO THE PE T O: EOPLE’S CAR It was one of the longest t f t-awaited an most talke nd ed-about aut tomobile deb in India On buts a. January 10, 2008, Ta Motors unveiled its (U.S. dollar USD2,50 car1 (also called “Rs1 lakh ata u rs) 00 car” or “t people’s car”) at the ninth Auto Expo in New Delhi. The Tata Nano brought a m the s w o media blitz and a crush of onlookers th required top-level sec o hat t curity. Woul the car liv up to its h ld ve hype? ignal a new era for the sm car mar e mall rket in India How could Tata ensur the a? re And did its launch si w ofitable? product would be pro Widely touted as the chea W d apest car in the world, th Nano was scheduled to be availab in t he s ble September 2008. In addition to paying (Indian rupees) IN lakh— a p INR1 —equivalent t INR100,0 to 000— buyers would also have to pay 12.5% valu w h ue-added tax along wit charges s x th such as road and d transport tation taxes. The two-cy ylinder gaso oline-powere version w ed would debut first; the d t diesel versions would soon follow. The Nano wa one of th world’s most fuel-eff T as he m fficient cars, getting 52 miles per g gallon (mpg) in the city and 61 mpg on the highwa (22 km pe liter and 2 km per lit respectiv d n ay er 26 ter, vely). Measurin 3.1 meters by 1.5 meters, it dis ng m splaced Mar Udyog’s Maruti 80 as the wo ruti s 00 orld’s smallest...
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...bash- is a Unix shell written by Brian Fox for the GNU Project as a free software replacement for the Bourne shell. Released in 1989, it has been distributed widely as the shell for the GNU operating system and as the default shell on Linux, Mac OS X and Darwin. 2) bsh- (Bourne shell) was the default Unix shell of Unix Version 7. Developed by Stephen Bourne at AT&T Bell Laboratories, it was a replacement for the Thompson shell. It was released in 1977 in the Version 7 Unix release distributed to colleges and universities. 3) tcsh- is a Unix shell based on and compatible with the C shell (csh). It is essentially the C shell with programmable command line completion, command-line editing, and a few other features. 4) csh- is a Unix shell that was created by Bill Joy while a graduate student at University of California, Berkeley in the 1970s. Other early contributors to the ideas or the code were Michael Ubell, Eric Allman, Mike O'Brien and Jim Kulp. The C shell is a command processor typically run in a text window, allowing the user to type commands. The C shell can also read commands from a file, called a script. 5) ksh- is a Unix shell which was developed by David Korn at Bell Labs in the early. Other early contributors were Bell Labs developers Mike Veach and Pat Sullivan, who wrote the Emacs- and vi-style line editing modes′ code, respectively. KornShell is backward-compatible with the Bourne shell and includes many features of the C shell, inspired by...
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...their point of view, as well as what the problem really is at various levels of abstraction. In all, these probing questions will help with identifying and understanding the management dilemma. 2. Identify and classify all of the variables in the U.S. Army’s dud shell research. The variables within the U.S. Army dud shell research are the cannon shells (the exploded and unexploded), civilians (locals), their behaviors, including the death rates. All of these variables played a vital role within the research that allowed the testing site to come up with an alternative testing procedures with different time frames of testing the cannon shells that have been placed for the original procedures. 3. What was Myra’s hypothesis for the U.S. Army’s dud shell research? Based on the research Myra conducted, her hypothesis was to apply logic instead of agreeing for an educational campaign. Her research took the attitudes and behaviors of the local civilians because of their thrill seeker behaviors into account into changing the procedures of testing time frames such as testing the firing the shells in the morning and the spend the afternoon finding the duds with an attachment of kerosene lanterns to the shells. At dusk the fighter bomber would retrieve the duds and transport them to a molecular state. 4. What was the U.S. Army’s hypothesis?...
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...9 9 Chapter9 Answers to Evennumbered Exercises 9 1. 2. What are two ways you can execute a shell script when you do not have execute access permission to the file containing the script? Can you execute a shell script if you do not have read access permission? You can give the name of the file containing the script as an argument to the shell (for example, sh scriptfile, where scriptfile is the name of the file containing the script). Under bash you can give the following command: $ . scriptfile Because the shell must read the commands from the file containing a shell script before it can execute the commands, you must have read permission for the file in order to execute the shell script. 3. 4. Assume that you have made the following assignment: $ person=jenny Give the output of each of the following commands: a. echo $person jenny b. echo '$person' $person c. echo "$person" jenny 5. 1 2 Chapter 9 6. Assume that the /home/jenny/grants/biblios and /home/jenny/biblios directories exist. For both (a) and (b), give Jenny’s working directory after she executes the sequence of commands given. Explain. a. $ pwd /home/jenny/grants $ CDPATH=$(pwd) $ cd $ cd biblios After executing the preceding commands, Jenny’s working directory is /home/jenny/grants/biblios. When CDPATH is set, cd searches only the directories specified by CDPATH; cd does not search the working directory unless the working directory is specified in CDPATH (by using a period). b. $ pwd /home/jenny/grants $...
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