...Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Related Literature Sleep is a fundamental part of life. It is not just a function of the body, it is an active process. Sleep is so vital to the body’s daily functioning that a prolonged loss of sleep impairs metabolism, immune function, temperature control and can ultimately lead to death (Rechtshaffen & Bergmann, 2002). As with other functions of the body, sleep cannot be localized to just one part of the brain. Its control mechanisms are entrenched at every level, starting with the cells. The same mechanisms that control autonomic functions, cognition, behavior, arousal and motor functions are all involved with the process of sleep. The 24-hour sleep/wake cycles, called circadian rhythms, developed as a response to the 24-hour astronomical cycle that all living things are exposed to (Pace-Schott & Hobson, 2002). The circadian system helpsthe body cycle through these phases. This system includes the retina, suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the retinohypothalamic tract and the pineal gland. The suprachiasmatic nuclei is located in the hypothalamus, above the optic chiasm. It acts as a sort of clock, receiving photic information from the retina (via the retinohypothalamic tract) and regulating the timing and length of sleep (Kotagal & Pianosi, 2006). This “master clock” is so vital to the sleep-wake cycle that if the SCNs in hamsters with normal circadian rhythms are transplanted into those with abnormal rhythms, normal periodicity will...
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...Does Head Start Program increase a child’s chance of academic success? The Head Start Program is a program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services and this service supposed to provides comprehensive education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement service for the low-income children and their families. The Head Start programs service and resources are designed to foster stable family relationship, enhance children’s physical and emotional well-being and establish an environment to develop strong cognitive skills. Head Start Program was launched in 1965 by its first director Jule Sugarman; it was originally conceived as a program that would be used as catch-up programs, for summer school that would teach low-income children in a few weeks on how to be prepared the children’s for the start for kindergarten. It was show that six weed of preschool could not make up for five years of poverty. In 1981 the Head Started program was expanded the program and December 2007 the program was revised. As of 2005 the program has more than 22 million pre-school aged children. Head Start mission was to enhancing the children social and health, wellbeing and to get the children prepared for school. Head Start program was part of President Johnson society campaign. The program started out as an eight-week summer program in 1965. The program was led by both Dr. Robert Cooke, a pediatrician at John Hopkins University and Dr. Edward Zigler, a professor of psychology...
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...Family Health Assessment Grand Canyon University: Family Centered Health Promotion 06/01/16 Family Health Assessments A family health assessment is important in understanding and formulating a wellness plan for the patient and their family as a whole. This paper will discuss the nurse’s role in assisting a family understand wellness by utilizing Gordon’s functional health patterns when performing the assessment on the family. Nurses have an important role in educating in regards to health promotion. This writer has developed several open ended questions in regards to health patterns based on the Gordon’s functional health patterns which includes question from nutrition to coping skills and everything in between. This assessment tool included 11 systematic principles for data collection of the family, and will assist the nurses to develop a nursing diagnosis and appropriate interventions for the family involved. Discussion The family this writer has chosen to utilize is the Maldonado family, consisting of Mr. Maldonado whom is 28, Mrs. Maldonado whom is 31, and their two boys Chris 7, and Gabe 2. The assessment began with a health perception and health management in which the family verbalized of some of their health practices and habits for preventing illness and maintain health. The selected family have been married for 6 years and both come from Hispanic backgrounds. Mrs. Maldonado stated in regards to health practices and management stated she is responsible for maintain...
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...family that could increase potential risk factors in association with overall health and wellness (Edelman, 2010). By identifying the problem areas allows for intervention and promotional strategies to alleviate the dysfunction. Health Pattern for my family There are eleven areas of the family health assessment: Values, health perception, nutrition, rest, elimination, activity, cognition, self-perception, role relationships, sexuality and coping. My family values include Christianity and spirituality. My family states if you give to the lord he will give back. We have some unhealthy habits in terms of adequate nutrition. We base our meals on convenience instead of health. We eat fast food or restaurant food for approximately 3 meals per week. When meals are prepared at home we eat at the family dinner table. Easy snacks and meals have become a commodity and convenience has overpowered healthy meals. Obesity, Gestational Diabetes and Hypertension run on all side of our family and should be a factor in relationship to our nutritional intake. We have a routine at home with nap and sleep schedules. However, I have a small child who frequently wakes in the night and disturbs the household sleep pattern. My husband also suffers from frequent insomnia and will watch television till the early morning hours. The youngest child is potty training. My husband suffers from Crohns disease, which is greatly affected by his dietary intake and stress. Due to the...
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...Family Assessment: Functional Health Patterns Pamela Obiadi Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V-O507 May 10, 2015 Family Assessment: Functional Health Patterns The selected family is the Nguyen family, who are originally from Vietnam. They came to America in 1993; and have lived in the U.S. for over 20 years. Their family consists of father, mother, two boys and two girls. Given that this family has been in the U.S. for a long time, it is interesting to evaluate their health patterns from various perspectives. This paper is aimed at summarizing the health patterns of Nguyen family and identifying wellness-nursing diagnosis based on the findings from the assessment. Summary of Findings While summarizing the findings obtained from the family assessment conducted, emphasis will be centered on the identified functional health patterns. Values, health perception Similar to the Chinese, Nguyen family shares a common cultural perception of health. They believe that one’s well being is derived from maintaining a balance of energies in the body, called “yin and yang.” Their health-seeking behaviors are a result of a combination of both their traditional value system as well as Western remedies. However, they mentioned that there is stronger preference to rely upon traditional remedies prior to seeking Western remedies. Examples of traditional remedies commonly used by this family are the use of herbs and coining (Nguyen Family, personal communication, May 7, 2015). Generally...
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...convenience that the year’s most joyous holidays occur on the onset of the winter solstice? The impact of light on emotion has been shown and linked by numerous surveys and tests in the past. Low or dark lighting has been shown to cause eye fatigue and headaches. Absence of natural daylight triggers depression and poor immune defenses. Insufficient lighting is linked to emotional stress and to physical ailments. Bright light stimulates emotions, while low levels of illumination quiet the senses. On the other hand, an excess of unnatural light does not replace the calming effects of natural daylight. Too much artificial light and overly-bright rooms hurt the eyes and make one feel jittery. (Fisher E. , 2004) The impact of lighting on mood and cognition has been difficult to demonstrate because people in industrialized countries, on average, spend 93 percent of their time indoors, making them largely disconnected from the impact of outside light. Many people can just turn on artificial lighting to get the same general effect of daylight. Most people feel an increased sense of sadness in the winter, with the most extreme example being among those who suffer from Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), a recurrent depression with typical onset during the fall or winter. (Stephen, 2007) Researchers...
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...Children’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Functional Health Pattern Assessment (FHP) | Toddler Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Autonomy VS. Shame | Preschool-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Initiative VS. Guilt | School-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Industry VS. Inferiority | Pattern of Health Perception and Health Management: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. | 1) Good weight gain of four to six pounds per year with a growth in height of 2-4 inches per year. 2) Will have several teeth at this stage and will imitate parents while learning to brush their own teeth. | 1) Good perception of body parts and can name them. 2) Has no illnesses or allergies | 1) School age child may think that they are sick because they are being punished. 2) They are aware of their own body and how it functions | | 1) Decrease weight due to lack of nutrition at this age kids are easily distracted may not want to sit for a meal. 2) Tooth decay from nursing bottle syndrome when the toddler teeth are in frequent contact with sugary drinks, juices and milk. | 1) Dental caries due to no dental care 2) Child has not had any past history of medical evaluations or immunizations. | 1) They may not have good hygiene which can lead to infections. 2) May learn poor health habits from people around...
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...rhythms and their disruption can have consequences for behaviour and performance. Such disturbances occur due to domestic or occupational schedules that do not permit normal sleep quotas, rapid travel across multiple meridians and extreme athletic and recreational endeavours where sleep is restricted or totally deprived. There are methodological issues in quantifying the physiological and performance consequences of alterations in the sleep–wake cycle if the effects on circadian rhythms are to be separated from the fatigue process. Individual requirements for sleep show large variations but chronic reduction in sleep can lead to immuno-suppression. There are still unanswered questions about the sleep needs of athletes, the role of ‘power naps’ and the potential for exercise in improving the quality of sleep. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Circadian rhythm; Exercise; Jet-lag; Shift-work 1. Introduction The sleep–wakefulness cycle is the most discernable of human circadian functions, activity being associated with the hours of daylight and sleep with the hours of darkness. This recurrence on a daily basis is linked with responses of the pineal gland to the environment, its secretion of melatonin being promoted at dusk and inhibited on exposure to morning light. There is a myriad of other biological functions that are knit into a common system of circadian rhythms, cycles in behaviour and in biological functions that recur with a...
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...SLEEP DISORDERS UNCOVERED, | Sleeping Disorders Uncovered | Jeffery J. Dowling | | Mitchell College | 10/31/2013 | [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] | Sleep could very well be the most important aspect of a healthy life. Not only physical health, but mental, and emotional as well. Without sleep it is hard to manage life day to day. Everyone knows that sleep is the most important thing for a healthy body because sleep is the time to relax. When someone is sleeping they do not have to think about life’s problems. The nature of today’s world hinders the opportunity for good sleep habits. Multiple studies have shown direct relationships between work hours and total sleep time. The more time a person spends working means less time they have to sleep. This proves how today’s world inhibits people of quality sleep (Swanson, et al., 2001.). Sleep is worth its weight in gold times ten. With immense exploration and study of sleep, new statistics and ways of assessing peoples sleeping habits have been fabricated. Sleeping Disorders come in all different shapes and forms. There are many factors that can cause these disorders that some people are born with, and other people get through some environmental factor. The four most prevalent disorders that people have are Insomnia,...
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...Gordon’s Health Assessment Framework (Functional Health Patterns) CLIENT PROFILE: Client Initials: LT Date of Birth: 20 September 1975 Marital Status: Married Gender: Female Ethnicity: Chinese Occupation: Full time Registered Nurse working from Monday to Friday in an acute hospital Religion: Christianity Education: Bachelor of nursing Primary Language: English Usual Health Practitioner(s): 1 General Practitioner / Family doctor 2 Gynaecologist & Breast Surgeon at hospital – yearly check-up 3 Chinese Traditional Medicine Physician – for ……… CHILDHOOD / ADULT ILLNESSES There were no significant childhood illnesses that LT could recalled. LT acquired White Coat Hypertension since her 30’s. She does monitor her blood pressure frequently especially she feels fatigue. She manage the symptoms with low salt healthy balance diet, regular non-strenuous exercise, and relaxation techniques. This year, she had a unplanned pregnancy and was miscarriage due to foetus no heart beat. IMMUNISATIONS LT was born in Singapore and has completed all the compulsory/ recommended/neccessary National Childhood and Adolescent Immunisation, ---- Family Health Service, Ministry of Health (MOH), Singapore. (provide website) She also completed other Optional Vaccinations as follow: Flu vaccines prior to her year-end overseas vacation trips, HPV vaccine Tetanus vaccine Chicken pox vaccine HOSPITALISATIONS (List...
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...Community Assessment and Analysis of Tucson Estates Lizi Thomas, Sophyamma Roy, Lena Fincher, Julie Overland, & Camilla Okolo Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V September 30, 2012 Julie’s Intro The demographic boundaries of Tucson Estates are within the Tucson Mountain Park; mountains comprising of accessible hiking trails, and wildlife in which the retirees leave out food and water surround the community. Small areas of open desert are on either side of the retirement community. Adjacent to the retirement community are newer housing developments with retired residents, but is not a designated retirement community. This is both a geopolitical and phenomenological community. The geopolitical factors in the community are human made legal boundaries and retired people 55 years and older. “Geopolitical communities are formed by either natural or human-made boundaries. Human-made boundaries may be structural, political, or legal” (Smith, 2009, p. 400). This is also a phenomenological community because there are shared values within the group. “A sense of place emerges through the members' awareness of their experiences together. People in a phenomenological community have a group perspective that differentiates them from other groups” (Smith, 2009, p. 400). The people who live in this community share the same generation values, and have activities that caters to their age bracket. Additionally, they are all bound by the common goals of keeping their community safe and clean...
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...Previously known as manic-depressive illness, Bipolar Disorder is a brain disorder which causes a person to have unusual shifts in mood, energy, thought, and behavior, and can seriously affect one’s ability to function. More than 2 million American adults are diagnosed with BPD and the disorder typically develops in late adolescence or early adulthood, but many people are first diagnosed with it in childhood and may exhibit symptoms as early as infancy (Spearing, 2001; Bardick and Bernes, 2005). It is estimated that approximately 90% of individuals with Bipolar Disorder experience its onset before age 20 (Hoofnagle, 2002). Pediatric-onset Bipolar Disorder (PBPD) is one of the most severe psychiatric illnesses that can affect children’s ability to succeed in all aspects of their lives, including in school. This paper aims at examining PBPD, its symptoms and causes, the neuropsychological deficits it presents in relation to comorbid conditions, how it affects student learning, educational impairments it causes, its educational implications for teachers and counselors, and its treatment and outcomes. The primary purpose of this paper is to educate educational service providers about PBPD so they can be more aware of how to recognize it in order to provide referral for intervention when needed, help in the process of providing early intervention, and accommodate for the disorder in the classroom. Most people go through normal ups and downs in life. Bipolar Disorder symptoms are...
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...NURSING PROCESS PAPER Student Name: Date of Care: 10/14/09 Date of Admission: 10/10/09 I. HEALTH STATUS | Admitting Dx: COPD Exac/Chest Pain | Pt. Init.D.R | Rm No.353 | Age60 | SexM | RaceCaucasion | ReligionCatholic | OccupationDisabled | Surgery: Medical Treatment: Back Surgery/ Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting COPD Exac/Chest Pain | Chief Complaint/Reason for Hospitalization & Hx. of Present Illness (with 1-8 critical characteristics, Jarvis pg. 85) Chest Pain | | 1.Location: Midsternal chest pain radiating to left arm. 2. Quality/characteristics: Squeezing, tightening, felt like chest was going to explode. 3. Quantity: 8 on a scale from 1-10 4. Setting: at rest 5. Associative factors: SOB and nausea 6. Aggravating/relieving factors: Aggravated by activity, unable to relieve in any position 7. Timing (Onset, duration, frequency): Sudden and constant pain 8. Patient perception: Thought he was having a heart attack. | Other illness or conditions & year of onset. | | AllergiesNKA | COPD- 2004 Deep Vein Thrombosis -2002Anxiety-2000Depression-1998Lumbar/Cervical Spondylosis-1982HTN- 19XX-Patient cannot recall exact year | | Immediate Teaching Needs | | Hospital safety- Reminded patient to call for assistance, call light within reach, non skid footwear for reduction of falls. Talked with patient regarding fall safety. Teach non-pharmachological...
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...In Defense of Distraction Twitter, Adderall, lifehacking, mindful jogging, power browsing, Obama’s BlackBerry, and the benefits of overstimulation. Add a Comment 1 Comment | Add Yours 70 Comments | Add Yours * By Sam Anderson * Published May 17, 2009 | Illustration by Glen Cummings/MTWTF (Photo: Anderson Ross/Corbis) | I. The Poverty of Attention I’m going to pause here, right at the beginning of my riveting article about attention, and ask you to please get all of your precious 21st-century distractions out of your system now. Check the score of the Mets game; text your sister that pun you just thought of about her roommate’s new pet lizard (“iguana hold yr hand LOL get it like Beatles”); refresh your work e-mail, your home e-mail, your school e-mail; upload pictures of yourself reading this paragraph to your “me reading magazine articles” Flickr photostream; and alert the fellow citizens of whatever Twittertopia you happen to frequent that you will be suspending your digital presence for the next twenty minutes or so (I know that seems drastic: Tell them you’re having an appendectomy or something and are about to lose consciousness). Good. Now: Count your breaths. Close your eyes. Do whatever it takes to get all of your neurons lined up in one direction. Above all, resist the urge to fixate on the picture, right over there, of that weird scrambled guy typing. Do not speculate on his ethnicity (German-Venezuelan?) or his backstory (Witness Protection Program?)...
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...Chapter Overview 5.1 Overview: Consciousness, Brain Activity, Levels of Awareness CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.2 Stages of Sleep CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.1 Consciousness and Psychology 5.3 Dreams Theories of Dreams Dreams as a Reflection of Unconscious Wishes 5.2 Sleep Biological Rhythms and Stages of Sleep Sleep Theories Effects of Sleep Deprivation Sleep Disorders Insomnia Sleep Apnea Narcolepsy Parasomnias CRITICAL THINKING APPLICATION Dreams as Interpreted Brain Activity Dream Contents CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.3 Theories of Dreams 5 Learning Objectives States of Consciousness 5.1 5.2 Define consciousness. Describe how consciousness relates to psychology. Describe the changes in brain wave activity that occur during the different stages of sleep. Understand why sleep deprivation is harmful. Understand why deep sleep is important. Understand why REM sleep is important. Describe some common sleep disorders. 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Describe the two main theories of dreams. Explain the two theories of hypnosis. Discuss the effects and benefits of meditation. List and describe the four categories of psychoactive drugs. Describe the effects of psychoactive drugs on the nervous system. 5.4 Hypnosis Critical Thinking About Hypnosis Theories of Hypnosis Altered State of Consciousness Role Playing Divided Consciousness 5.6 Drug Use Mechanism of Action of Psychoactive Drugs Depressants Alcohol Narcotics/Opiates Summary of...
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