...Vannevar Bush (/væˈniːvɑr/ van-NEE-var; March 11, 1890 – June 28, 1974) was an American engineer, inventor and science administrator, who during World War II headed the U.S. Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), through which almost all wartime military R&D was carried out, including initiation and early administration of the Manhattan Project. He is also known in engineering for his work on analog computers, for founding Raytheon, and for the memex, a hypothetical adjustable microfilm viewer with a structure analogous to that of hypertext. In 1945, Bush published As We May Think in which he predicted that "wholly new forms of encyclopedias will appear, ready made with a mesh of associative trails running through them, ready to be dropped into the memex and there amplified".[1] The memex influenced generations of computer scientists, who drew inspiration from its vision of the future. For his master's thesis, Bush invented and patented a "profile tracer", a mapping device for assisting surveyors. It was the first of a string of inventions. He joined the Department of Electrical Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1919, and founded the company now known as Raytheon in 1922. Starting in 1927, Bush constructed a differential analyzer, an analog computer with some digital components that could solve differential equations with as many as 18 independent variables. An offshoot of the work at MIT by Bush and others was the beginning of digital...
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...Shylinda Graystreete Dr.Davis - Unit 2 Individual Project 29 July 2012 Expected U.S. GDP growth rate going forward The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a major factor that shows how the economy will either get better or worse. The GDP is how we can measure the spending and production of the U.S. The GDP is a total measurement usually calculated quarterly (Russell, 2012). These calculations show change to the economy even if products and services increased or decreased, According to Russell, (2012) regardless of changes in the purchasing power of the currency. There are many things that affect our economy such as international debt, increase in taxes, the effect to interest rates, the rise in unemployment, the poor failing real estate market, lack of investing, lack of spending by consumers, which is directly affected because of lack of employment. Some believe that the economy will eventually recover. This may be a slow process, however. Those in the business world believe this will most likely put inflation at a standstill. (TBQ, 2012). It is predicted that the GDP will continue to go up and down for years to come as the US tries to recover from the economic slump that it has found itself in unless congress and the president can pull us out. There are three different methods of determining GDP. The first one is estimating each industry’s gross output or production (Wells and Krugman, 2009). Second would be to measure income (Wells et al). Third would be expenditures...
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...• Why is the manufacturing sector crucial? What is Manufacturing and how employment has in this sector changed over the last 50 years? What we are trying to show and why it is interesting. How do we plan to show it (Definition, Employment Trend( increase upto the 60’s and then the declining share in comparison to the service sector), How is Manufacturing important to the US Economy and why we think that the trend shift to the service sector is not necessarily a bad thing and why a lot of economists are insisting on the manufacturing sector being strengthened, An short explanation of re-distribution of jobs,). • The Demand for manufactured goods in USA has increased. Then, why has the employment in the manufacturing sector gone down? What is Trade-specialization. How does De-industrialization of developed economies take place? Explain it as a predictor of recession in US. • Why Manufacturing jobs are such a point of concern (Multiplier effect, and unskilled labor) Improvements in Technology-their effect on productivity and employment in the manufacturing sector. • How does outsourcing help/harm the manufacturing industry? Does it have a significant effect on employment in manufacturing? • Why hasn’t the economy bounced back from the current slump in manufacturing jobs. What can be done to provide relief to the former manufacturing employees? Stop of new hiring vs. loss of jobs. How are the unions affecting employment? (The last decade vs. World War II data). What the experts...
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...US economy affects world economy. The predicted recession may result in crashing stock markets, bankrupt businesses, and increased unemployment, poverty and mortality rates worldwide, due to hunger, depression, suicide and lack of resources. My choice would be the “fracking” proposal which can avert the recession & boost the economy. “Green Wind Turbine” would be unsuccessful during recession, since its expense is more than its revenue. And, without economic viability all other stakeholders’ interests are lost. Utilitarianism supports “fracking” as it produces “greatest good for the greatest number”. In the end it will create millions of jobs, help boost economy, meet Canadian and US oil needs and supports ‘energy security’. We cannot address all concerns from all stakeholders at all times. “fracking” serves the majority of Primary and Secondary stakeholders which have a higher priority in the stakeholder typology. The non-social stakeholders are dormant and are a minority. Utilitarianism being a consequential principle focuses on the ends, and ignore the means. The shortcoming of “fracking” is that on the way to boost economy via oil production, it’s also boosting environmental and ecological dangers. Emissions, pollution, wastes, chemicals, contamination are bi-products of oil extraction by “fracking”. This principle drives us to ignore the primary and secondary non-social stakeholders and may cause an irreversible damage, while focussing on producing utility for the majority...
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...Bernardo D. La Fontaine LP9 Assignment Can A Country Continue to Afford to Run Deficits Indefinitely? This paper will talk about a country and if it can afford to stay on a deficit indefinitely. So let us take a closer look that this situation and analyze it. I will start by reiterating what my assignment’s question by stating what it is asking. Let’s say that country “X”’s real growth is 2 percent per year, while its real deficit is rising 5 percent a year. Can country “X” stay on this path indefinitely? In my opinion, I would have to say “no” because it isn’t healthy for country to stay on a deficit. So when a surplus happens like it did in 1998 till 2002, the country will go spend happy. This is why I believe there should always be a balanced economy. There should never be too much expansion or contraction in a country’s economy. Here are the reasons why. An expansionary economy is one that helps a country’s economy through a recession by expanding the money supply. They do this by issuing out bonds and lowering interest rates. However, if this is done too much, then inflation happens. Why? You can say that there is too much money circulating. This makes a country’s currency weak. But if a country’s economy is in the opposite direction like in an economic contraction, they are trying to reduce inflation by contracting the money supply and raising interests. Again, if this is done in too much in this direction, the country will go in to a recession and possibly...
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...that public exposes students to all types of diversity and situations that will make them better adapted for the real world (Kennedy, 2007). Statement of the Problem It seems most people are of the opinion that private schools are superior; the issue is simply if it is worth the money. However, this may not be the case. Therefore, how does one gauge the superiority of a school? This very difficult question has no easy answers. The most common and maybe the only way researchers can create and measure the effectiveness of a school is by measuring achievement. The American Heritage Dictionary seems to define achievement as “something that has been accomplished successfully, especially by means of exertion, skill, practice, or perseverance” (Lubienski and Lubienski, 2006). This definition is not exactly what researchers are speaking of when they refer to achievement. Though they all seem to define it slightly differently, achievement is referred to as an improvement in overall academic excellence that did not exist before or outside the classroom. Many...
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...SEDL – Advancing Research, Improving Education The Impact of School, Family, and Community Connections on Student Achievement Annual Synthesis 2002 A New Wave of Evidence Anne T. Henderson Karen L. Mapp SEDL – Advancing Research, Improving Education The Impact of School, Family, and Community Connections on Student Achievement Annual Synthesis 2002 A New Wave of Evidence Anne T. Henderson Karen L. Mapp Contributors Amy Averett Joan Buttram Deborah Donnelly Marilyn Fowler Catherine Jordan Margaret Myers Evangelina Orozco Lacy Wood National Center for Family and Community Connections with Schools SEDL 4700 Mueller Blvd. Austin, Texas 78723 Voice: 512-476-6861 or 800-476-6861 Fax: 512-476-2286 Web site: www.sedl.org E-mail: info@sedl.org Copyright © 2002 by Southwest Educational Development Laboratory (SEDL). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from SEDL or by submitting a copyright request form accessible at http://www.sedl.org/about/copyright_request.html on the SEDL Web site. This publication was produced in whole or in part with funds from the Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, under contract number ED-01-CO-0009. The content herein does not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department...
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...Chapter I: The Problem and Its Background Introduction Student achievement is not simply a matter of what happens in school. Academic achievement can be defined as excellence in all academic disciplines, in class as well as extracurricular activities. It includes excellence in sporting, behavior, confidence, communication skills, punctuality, assertiveness, arts, culture, and the like. It is a good way to enhance the drive of student to achieve a lot. It is about academic excellence, exemplary deportment, special awards, essential life skills, and responsibility to the community. In terms of academics, all students will obtain, understand, analyze, communicate and apply knowledge and skills to achieve success in school and life. In terms of essential life skills, all students will demonstrate aptitude, attitudes, and skills to lead responsible, fulfilling, and respectful lives. In terms of responsibility to the community, all students will understand and model the important attributes people must have to contribute to an effective and productive community and common good of all. In brief, it involves both product and process, and achievement is assessed both individually and collaboratively. A key component of both the product and the process in this "new literacy" classroom is that the students need to be conversant in multiple forms of representation—they must collect and process a certain amount of information, including non-print material such as photographs, video footage...
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...Student Achievement The purpose of this briefing is to outline what we know about the impact of education technology on learning and to identify resources for further study. Research on the impact of technology on learning is in its infancy though we are beginning to see solid work emerge. In this report, we look at some large scale state and national studies as well as some innovative smaller studies that provide visions for new uses of technology in learning and instruction. There are 5 large scale studies of education technology to date. These studies were selected for their scope, comprehensive samples, and generalizability to local, state, and national audiences. We also include an evaluation of two smaller scale studies that point to the promise that newer technologies currently afford. Kulik's Meta-Analysis Study James Kulik (1994) used a research technique called meta-analysis to aggregate the findings from more than 500 individual research studies of computer-based instruction. Computer-based instruction individualizes the educational process to accommodate the needs, interests, proclivities, current knowledge, and learning styles of the student. Computer-based instruction software consists of tutorial, drill, and practice, and more recently Integrated Learning Systems. Kulik drew several conclusions from his 1994 work: Positive Findings On average, students who used computer-based instruction scored at the 64th percentile on tests of achievement compared...
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...Education and Training EPD 303 Applied Research in Post Compulsory Education and Training Demie, F. (2005). Achievement of Black Caribbean pupils: good practice in Lambeth schools. British Educational Research Journal 31(4), 481-508. A Critique. This paper is a critique of F Demie’s ‘Achievement of Black Caribbean pupils: good practice in Lambeth schools’, which is an interpretive study by Feyisa Demie Jan McKenley, Chris Power, and Louise Ishani. The LEA provided the funding for this research project. The aim of the research according to Demie was to ‘Identify a number of significant common themes for success in raising the achievement of Caribbean heritage pupils’. In order to analyse these achievement rates, Researchers looked at good practise in Lambeth schools. Demie does not provide the reader with any clues in regard to the researchers’ backgrounds and qualifications. One cannot learn from the report under analysis whether Demie et al were LEA employees with a task to prepare a ground for future policy making. Demie et al chose to study 10 primary and 3 secondary schools in the Lambeth region, where the rates of Black Caribbean performance were reported to be above national and LEA (Local Education Authority) averages. The aim of the investigation was to identify the factors enabling pupils of Black Caribbean origin to achieve high standards in British schools, and to track ‘significant common themes for success in raising the achievement’ (Demie, 2005) of Black Caribbean...
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...Dr. Ranjana Choudhury, Dhiraj kumar Das / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 2, Issue 6, November- December 2012, pp.192-196 Influence of Attitude Towards Mathematics and Study Habit on the Achievement in Mathematics at the secondary stage *Rtd. Head of Department of Mathematics. K.K.Handique Girl’s College, Guwahati, Assam, Pin-781001 **Department of mathematics, J.N.Cllege, Boko, Assam, Pin-781123 *Dr. Ranjana Choudhury, **Dhiraj kumar Das ABSTRACT The present study aims at studying the influence of areas in relation to the attitude towards mathematics and study habit on the achievement in mathematics to the pupils’ at secondary stage. A sample of 500 students of standard IX from secondary school of south kamrup district, Assam, participated in the present study, in which the relationship among the achievement in mathematics was most closely related with attitude towards mathematics and study habit. Analysis of data indicated that there was no significant difference on achievement in mathematics of the students in case of medium and sex. The regression equation thus obtained shows that attitude towards mathematics; study habit contributes 15.2%, and 29% respectively to the Achievement in mathematics. Keywords: Attitude towards Mathematics, Study habit, Achievement in Mathematics, Medium, Sex. Education (NPE)[2] described education as a unique investment in the present and future. The NPE laid special emphasis...
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...Multi-Disciplinary Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 3 (4), July, 2009 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070-0083 (Online) Study Habit, Self-Concept and Science Achievement of Public and Private Junior Secondary School Students in Ogun State, Nigeria (Pp. 492-506) Olatoye, R. A. - Institute of Education, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria E-mail: kingdemola@yahoo.com Abstract This study compared study habit, self-concept and science achievement of students in public and private junior secondary schools in Ogun State, Nigeria. Twelve secondary schools were randomly selected from Egba and Ijebu divisions of the state. A sample of three hundred and sixty (360) students participated in the study. Three research instruments were used to collect data. There was no significant difference in study habit and selfconcept of students in public and private schools. However, private school students performed significantly better than their public school counterparts in integrated science (t = 3.400, p<0.05). In both public and private schools student study habit and self-concept combined together and singularly predicted science achievement. Counsellors should encourage students to study and also train them on how to improve their self-concept in order to improve science achievement. Key Words: Study habit, self-concept, science achievement, public and private schools, junior secondary schools. Introduction Scientific discoveries affecting individuals and the society at large are frequently...
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...Udini variety1987@gmail.com • 4 free articles left HELP TEXT PDF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BROKEN HOMES AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE, NIGERIA * authors Henrietta Ijeoma Alika and Ogboro Samson Edosa * journal College Student Journal * published June 2012 * issn 0146-3934 * volume 46 * issue 2 * start page 256 * size 9 pages * added 10:50 PM The study investigated the relationship between broken homes and academic achievement of students. Three research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The study was correlational because the study sought to establish extend of relationship between broken homes and academic achievement. The statistical method used in analyzing the data was me Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (r). Reliable and validated questionnaires which were designed to elicit information on the hypotheses of study were used. Six senior secondary schools were randomly selected for the study. One hundred and fifty respondents from single parent homes were used for the study. 25 respondents were randomly selected from six schools. Results showed a significant relationship between broken homes and academic achievement of students. It was also discovered that female students from broken homes perform better in thie studies than the male students, moreover, the result showed that low socioeconomic status, also had an adverse effect on the academic performance...
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...Comments or Feedback | Broad Topic Area | A Quantitative study to explore research relevant to Relationships between professional development of teachers, student achievement, principal leadership, and student economic status influence closing the achievement gap in Upper Midwest urban schools. | | Lit Review | Professional Development * Professional development standards established in 2011 to develop new policies and practices (Borko, 2012). * The intensity and duration of the professional development indicates the amount of change in classroom practices (Garet et al., 2007).Teacher Knowledge for Improvement * Professional development improves teacher quality by changing teacher practices (Wenglinski, 2002) * Professional development is most effective when designed using actual school data (Borko, 2008; Ingvarson et.al, 2005). * Implementing professional knowledge, based on how schools succeed and effective teaching, is inevitable (Edmonds, 1979). * Through Professional Development programs, school districts maintain highly qualified employees that have skills to improve student achievement (Evan, 2009).Economic Status and Student Achievement * Student achievement begins before children enter school. A child’s home environment, economic status, emotional and social development, health, and cultural identity are related to achievement (Cunningham, 2012).Educational Leadership * Research by Smith and Andrews (1989) strengthened the importance of the principal’s...
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...homeschoolers were scoring on the average in the 59th percentile compared to students homeschooled the last two or more years who scored between 86th and 92nd percentile. Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study was to analyze the cognitive development of homeschoolers in comparison to those who go through the traditional public school setting. Focuses in this study are test scores and other forms of assessment for mastery. Methods • Participant – students ranged from the elementary- secondary rage • Procedures: longitudinal study where the original research used the same schools and children • Measures – standardized test Results The study found that the average scores of the homeschool students were at or above the 80th percentile in all categories. The homeschoolers' national percentile mean was 84th for reading, 80th for language, 81st for math, 84th for science and 83rd for social studies. The research revealed that there was no positive correlation between state regulation of homeschools and the home-schooled students' performance. The study compared homeschoolers in three groups of states representing various levels of regulation. Group 1 represented the most restrictive states such as Michigan; Group 2 represented slightly less restrictive states including North Dakota; and Group 3...
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