...Federal Regulatory Agencies Teresa Bryant Barry University Public Law and Administration PUB 647 Dr. Stephen Sussman June 26, 2014 Federal Regulatory Agencies The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) is the principal Federal agency dedicated to fish and wildlife conservation. The Service’s history spans nearly 140 years, dating from the establishment of its predecessor agency, the Bureau of Fisheries, in 1871. First created as an independent agency, the Bureau of Fisheries was later placed in the Department of Commerce. A second predecessor agency, the Bureau of Biological Survey, was established in 1885 in the Department of Agriculture. In 1939, the two Bureaus and their functions were transferred to the Department of the Interior in 1940, They were consolidated into one agency and redesignated the Fish and Wildlife Service by Reorganization Plan III (Fish and Wildlife Service, n.d., p. 1). The Fish and Wildlife Service’s works to conserve, protect and enhance fish, wildlife and plants and their habitats. To contact the agency or department you can access the agency website at http://www.fws.gov or http://www.fws.gov/duspit/contactus.htm. The agency is located at Fish and Wildlife Service, 1849 C Street NW, Washington, DC 20240 and the telephone number is (202)-208-5634 (Public Affairs routes all call from here) or toll free at (800) 344-9453. The parent agency is the Department of the Interior (DOI) at http://www.usa.gov/directory/federal/department-of-the-interior...
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...To Drill or Not to Drill Aloma Chase HUM/111 03/10/2013 Jennifer Beaman To Drill or Not to Drill Alaska drilling in the ANWR refuge is a controversial debate because of the issues which are associated with destroying the wilderness. The ANWR is located in the “North Slope area of Alaska and eight million acres of this selected segment of the landscape is in the National Wilderness Preservation System, which is intended to protect pristine and untouched land areas” (Burley, 2010, p.1). Drilling for oil in the ANWR will destroy the environment; endanger the caribou herds, birds, and other wildlife. However, the opposing viewpoints contend that it would provide jobs, help with our oil supply, and not destroy the land. Examining other alternatives for energy shortages in the United States would prevent the destruction of the ANWR and other protected habitats. Renewable sources of energy like solar energy, and wind power would not affect the environment or cause pollution. The dependence on oil and other fossil fuels needs to be curtailed, so, the Alaska Refuge is not destroyed. Additionally, “each year oil operations on Alaska’s North Slope emit more than 70,000 tons of nitrogen oxides, which contribute to smog and acid rain” (National Resource Defense Council, 2010, p.1). Toxic oil spills kill the plants and vegetation, air pollution caused from drilling and emissions affects the air quality, and hazardous waste contaminates the water supplies. The drilling on...
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...The animal that I picked is caribou and I have a lot to tell you about caribou so let’s get started!! They prefer barren land during the summer months for habitat. They live in Alaska and Canada. Their environment has lots of characteristics like, mixed forests, and other animals, and trees all around them. They move to areas of mixed forests during these cold cold months. Their animal description is the caribou body is dark brown with lighter patches around the neck and rump. Some physical features of caribou are concave hooves, antlers, and nose. The hooves help caribou stay up in the snow. The antlers help them by growing forward to help them in the snow to dig in the snow to see if there is food under the snow. The nose helps them find where to dig in the snow for food. Males and females both have antlers and will shed their antlers at different times. Caribou migration route facts are, they migrate in the winter. between summer and winter ranges that are about 400 miles apart that's the TIME they migrate. They have a route which is they travel from Alaska to Brooks Range. Caribou migrate because of the certain weather conditions such as the first severe storm in the fall. Caribou have a life cycle which is……. 1st they have spring migration, then it's time for calving (birth if pregnant), then it's calving migration, summer is here!!, then last but not least its fall migration time!! The mother of the young does not take care of it the young runs off by itself. Male caribou...
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...truck and the only thing ruining it was the price of gas. I found myself recalling stories that my dad would tell me about when he was a kid and a gallon of gas only cost 15 cents, I thought to myself how great it would be if gas prices were that way now. The click of the gas pump shutting off snapped me out of my day dream as I looked to see that $115 of my pay check was now gone. b. Today I will first discuss the positives of drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge I then will compare them to the negatives. I hope by the end of this speech that you will have a better understanding about drilling in the ANWR. II. About ANWR c. (Wikipedia) USGS says ANWR is the nation’s single largest oil reserve. d. ANWR comprises of nearly 20 million acres of the north Alaskan coast. The land is situated between the Beaufort Sea to the north, Brooks Range to the south, and Prudhoe Bay to the west. e. (Kriz, Margaret. "Tapping pristine territories" ) ANWR is a coastal plain, the only part of the refuge where oil is suspected to exist, is a flat and featureless wasteland that experiences some of the harshest weather conditions in the world. Temperatures drop to nearly -70 F. There are no forests or trees at all. III. Positives for drilling f. (Wallace, Scott. "ANWR: The Great Divide.") The monetary value of ANWR’s pumpable oil is projected by the U.S Energy Information Agency to be between $125 billion and $350 billion. g. (in the same article)...
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...In the northern part of where we live, only 272 miles away, lies a national refuge containing huge herds of caribou, polar bears, musk ox, and many more animals. All these animals have lived on those lands before the creation of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in 1960. It is a place where people can come and see all these creatures that are not seen very many other places. Although we all love this refuge, there are still some people that want to destroy it by putting drills in it and even after losing 50 times they keep trying over and over again. Unfortunately, these animals are losing their homes to a huge drill for oil. There is a lot of controversy over whether drilling should be allowed in this national refuge. Proponents...
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...The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is a national wildlife refuge located in the northeastern part of Alaska. It consists of over 19 million acres in northeast Alaska. It is run and controlled by the Fish and Wildlife Service in the Department of the interior. Its 1.5 million acre coastal plain located on Beau Fort Sea is currently viewed as one of the biggest and most likely next US onshore oil and gas prospect. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge was created in 1960 to protect and maintaining its’ naturally maintaining area of arctic and sub-arctic ecosystems. In 1971, congress enacted the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act to resolve all Native aboriginal land claims against the US. It provided monetary payments and also created Village Corps. In 1980, Congress enacted the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act which include several sections about ANWR. The Artic Range was renamed the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Section 1002 of ANILCA directed a study of the coastal plain, which is now known as the 10-02 area, which I will talk about later. The main objective is to protect and maintaining its naturally maintaining area of arctic and sub-arctic ecosystems. This refuge is home to a wide variety of plants and animals. There are many different species of big game that roam this area, there are 36 fish species, 36 kinds of land mammals, over 160 bird species and 9 marine animals, which include: caribou, polar bears, grizzly bears, wolves, migratory birds...
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...Should the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Be Opened to Oil Drilling? SCI207 Dependence of Man on the environment July 11, 2010 Abstract The rising cost of gas has been a great debate for consumers and congress. Currently the price of gas is between $2.71 to 3.39 depending on what state you live in. Consumers are finding it more and more disturbing that gas is increasing what is it going to take to make the prices decrease? Is oil drilling here in the United Stated the best thing to do? Oil Drilling has been a topic for our government for years. It seems that the debate is that oil should be drilled hear in our United States. Some have stated that oil drilling would be costly. But it would also reduce the amount we consumers spend on gas. If drilling was to take place there is an area in Alaska where the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is. I hope to show the positive side of oil drilling in Alaska and the negative affects it will have on oil drilling. Currently, I understand both sides of drilling oil but it is not fair to kill off wildlife if oil drilling could be possibly found in areas where there aren’t any wildlife would be good or if the government could provide proof that if oil drilling was to take place that the wildlife would not be hurt. As we look at both sides of why to drill and why not we can explore just what seems to be the big problem we and what the decision should...
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...What is the ANWR? The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is a national wildlife refuge in north-eastern Alaska, States. It consists of 19,286,722 acres. It is the largest National Wildlife Refuge in the country. It was established in 1960. What is a wild life refuge? A wild life refuge is a place which gives animals the space and freedom they need to feed themselves and raise their young. Because the land is protected they can do these things without clashing with people. Where is the ANWR and why is it being preserved? The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is a national wildlife refuge in north-eastern Alaska, States. The reason why it is being preserved is because Robert Marshall in 1938 was able to understand how we would change the habitats of animals and destroys them to get the things we need like oil. So he proposed a ‘permeant American Frontier’ that would preserve a big chunk of Arctic Alaska wilderness. In the 1950’2, people who were worried about habitat loss and pollution proposed to Congress for that same frontier. In 1960, Congress created the refuge. When did they discover oil in Alaska and how much is estimated to be there? They discovered the oil i9n Alaska in 19870 at Prudhoe Bay it supplied two million barrels of oil a day. However as time has gone on the amount of oil that is in the Bay has decreased and is getting lower and lower each year, this has then lead to the U.S government having to find new oil supplies and one of these is in the ANWR....
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...4. Marine wildlife off the coast of Oregon is managed by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Answer; (B) False -The answer is false because Marine wildlife is managed by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 6. The first “Earth Day” took place on April 22nd, 1970. In which era of wildlife management did this place? Answer; (B) The Era of Environmental Management -The answer is the era of environmental management because it began in 1965 and ended up in 1980. 9. The biggest problem in wildlife conservation today is: Answer; (D) Biologists need to do a better job of communicating scientific results - Wildlife and conservation professionals have the responsibility to advocate for good policy-making, based on knowledge, openness and explicitness 10. Which statement about the wildlife profession is not true? Answer; (B) Most wildlife biologists are game wardens -There are other common jobs such as big game biologist, waterfowl manager, refuge manager, state non-game coordinator, and education and outreach, so most wildlife biologists are not only game wardens. 13. Aldo Leopold defines “environmental ethics” as which of the following: Answer; (B) A self-imposed limitation on actions - Leopold was influential in the development of modern environmental ethics and in the movement for wilderness conservation. In his book, A Sand Country Almanac, he stated that an ethic, ecologically, is a limitation on freedom of action in the struggle for...
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...resources Why is it difficult to calculate the MSY in reality The necessary informations that need for calculate the MSY are difficult to get. Also we cannot know if a yield is truly sustainable 10.2 Public lands are classified according to their use What percent of Earth’s total land area is protected? Approximately 11 percent of Earth’s land area is protected In the United States, what percentage of land is publicly held? Where (geographically speaking) is most of the protected land? 42 percent of land is publicly held. Most of the protected lands are on the west of the country. How should land be used based on the Resource Conservation Ethic? How realistic is this? The resource conservation ethic states that people should maximize resource use based on the greatest good for everyone. Based on the Resource Conservation Ethic, land should be used more efficient and benefits more people. This is realistic. Government used the principle of multiple-use land, so different industry can use all the resource efficiently without wasting. Rangelands What is the Taylor Grazing Act of 1934? How does it work? Is it an economically sound solution? The Taylor Grazing Act of 1934 is the act that passed for stopping overgrazing. It limited the number of animals. It is an economically sound solution. Federal government gives federal funds to those who grazing Why is the BLM not always successful in its quest to manage rangeland? Because BLM did not set a detail guideline and environmental...
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...intent of zoos has been skewed towards a more commercialized profit turing business. There have been recent incidents bringing this to public light raising public concern for the effectiveness of zoos. Modern zoos no longer serve their original intention and are unethical and cruel to animals. A fundamental question is raised when one considers the ethics of zoos. Should animals be afforded the same rights of life and liberty and humans have? Do animals have the natural, god-given rights afforded to humans? The obvious answer to most people is “no”, animals are not human and therefore do not have right. However, many people believe that animals should be afforded the same basic rights to freedom that humans have, which zoos deny them of. There was a time where zoos were critical to the conservation...
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...Virtue ethics is the method of analysis that examines a moral issue from an iconic and virtuous person’s perspective(). Two examples of virtuous people include people like Gandhi or the Dalai Lama. For this paper, the 14th Dalai Lama’s perspective will be taken to analyze the moral issue. To reiterate, the moral issue in question that will be examined is: should the design engineers be blamed for the BP Oil Spill? There are only two answers to this question: engineers should be held responsible and accountable, or engineers should not be held responsible and accountable. The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, was known to advocate for animal welfare (). He is quoted as saying “We have to change the way people think about animals. I encourage...
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...http://e360.yale.edu/feature/a_rise_in_fungal_diseases_is_taking_growing_toll_on_wildlife/2457/ REPORT (Environment 360) A Rise in Fungal Diseases is Taking Growing Toll on Wildlife In an increasingly interconnected world, fungal diseases are spreading at an alarming rate and have led to deadly outbreaks in amphibian, bat, and bee populations. And in the last decade, researchers note, some of the most virulent strains have infected people. by Michelle Nijhuis On the southeastern outskirts of Washington, D.C., inside the Smithsonian Institution’s cavernous Museum Support Center, one can see some frogs that no longer exist. Alcohol-filled glass jars hold preserved specimens of Incilius periglenes, the Monte Verde golden toad; the Honduran frog Craugastor chrysozetetes, which in life was olive-brown with purple palms and soles; its Costa Rican cousin, Craugastor escoces; and Atelopus ignescens, a black toad not seen in the wild for decades. All of these extinct species are likely victims of the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which attacks the outer skin layers of amphibians, disrupting their water and electrolyte intake so severely that infected animals can die of cardiac arrest. The fungus, known familiarly as Bd, has been found in more than 500 species of amphibians in 54 countries to date, most recently in Asia. Some areas of Central America have lost more than 40 percent of their amphibian species to Bd infection. Karen Lips, a University of Maryland herpetologist who...
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...Introduction Air Southwest Company started in 1967 and in 1971 they changed their name to Southwest Airline Company (). Southwest is America’s low-cost carrier. Southwest’s vision is “to become the World’s Most Loved, Most Flown, and Most Profitable Airline (). Southwest’s mission is, “dedication to the highest quality of Customer Service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride, and Company Spirit (). Their values are to be a warrior spirit, have a servant’s heart, have a “fun-LUVing” attitude, and be a passionate team player. A warrior spirit is someone who works hard, desires to be the best, be courageous, display urgency, persevere, and innovate. For the servant’s heart they believe to follow the Golden Rule, adhere to the principles, treat others with respect, put others first, demonstrate proactive customer service, and embrace the Southwest family. For “fun-LUVing” Southwest believes in having fun, do not take yourself too seriously, maintain perspective, celebrate successes, and enjoy work. For being a passionate team player, Southwest believes in safety and reliability, friendly customer service, and low cost (). The three sphere of…. Are economic, political and civil society. There needs to be a balance in the three spheres to be successful in ….. Southwest has current programs in the three spheres and the environment. Under the economic sphere…. Under the political sphere…. Under the civil sphere…. Under the environment…. Recent events...
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...Conceptual Framework of Ecotourism Ecotourism is defined as a “purposeful travel to natural areas to understand the culture and natural history of the environment, taking care not to alter the integrity of the ecosystem, while producing economic opportunities that make the conservation of natural resources beneficial to local people” (McCormick, 1994). Based on this definition, the conceptual framework was formulated. The operationalization of the framework included an assessment procedure, the ecotourism standards and its corresponding management guidelines. and a communication plan. These tools were guided by the principles presented by Jeffries (1997) on biodiversity and conservation, Kersten (1997) on Community Based Ecotourism and Community Building, Kusler (1991) on Strengthening Resource Conservation through Ecotourism, and McCormick (1994) on how ecotourism can save a rainforest. Furthermore, the experiences gained by Regis et al. (2000) from the Ecotourism project for the two municipalities of Sorsogon reinforced the management guidelines put together based on the Philippine situation. Characteristics of ecotourism According to Chesworth (1995), Ecotourism has six characteristics. These are: a) ecotourism involves travel to relatively undisturbed natural areas and/or archeological sites, b) it focuses on learning and the quality of experience, c) it economically benefits the local communities, d) ecotourists seek to view rare species, spectacular...
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