...experience researchers, companies have understood the importance of green marketing in order to produce eco-friendly products and these provided much rich information for the literature studies of the thesis The objective of this research was looked into and explored the influencing of the four traditional marketing-mix elements, satisfaction and word of mouth (WOM) on attitude and purchasing intentions of consumers on eco-friendly products specifically fasting moving consumer goods (FMCG) or non-durable ones. The purpose of the study was to obtain information from consumers’ point of view. Furthermore, one perspective of the study was to look into the comparison of the Swedish and the Non-Swedish their attitudes towards ecofriendly products. A questionnaire provided to obtain the views of the Swedish and others nationalities, how they are influenced by the marketing-mix elements (4P), satisfaction and WOM concerning green attitudes and purchase intention of eco-friendly products. A quantitative approach was adopted for the study by using a questionnaire, one paper version and another online version the total sample was composed of 174 respondents, 81 were collected through internet by using Google.doc surveys and Facebook and 93 by using standard paper questionnaire form. Furthermore, convenient sample was used to collect data so the chosen boundary was Umeå...
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...1. Executive Summary As the word metaphor is all about finding similarity and meaning in two or more things that are not actually related to each other, often members of organizations based on the picture that is created in their minds associates and recognize organization to metaphors. The organizational culture and communication system determines the perception of the metaphors in the organization. Our research was carried out in the Dubai branch of XYZ Company, a Swedish telecommunication company, to provide an analysis of the organization by observing it from two metaphoric perspectives: the cultural and the political. Organizational culture encompasses values and believes of the founder and is reflected in the structure, the practices and procedures of the organization, determining the working atmosphere and behaviors of its employees. Through our research we tried to discover how the members of the organization perceive and portray their commitment in association to XYZ’s culture; its influence on decision making process and progress of the organization. Through the political metaphor, we view organizations as often formed and administered similarly to political systems, which can be run like autocracies, bureaucracies, democracies or a mixture of these. Within them, individuals and groups manage situations, personal or group interests through the use of negotiations, power and politics. They operate based on network of alliances just like in political systems...
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...traditions and/or customs are a part of the culture, not necessarily what should be defining the culture (Sir Edward Burnett Tylor, 2004) therefore it would perhaps more correct to look at the countries unique customs. In this essay I shall analyze what is considered to be the Swedish culture as clearer defined under Identifying and Explaining my Roots culture and get more in depth of the differences or even possible similarities of each nation, Sweden and Canada. I shall also try to show as to why internationally Swedes is associated with brand names such as IKEA and VOLVO and why it is that these household names are a part of the Swedish culture Throughout the analyze I shall get insight if there are any Swedish holidays I would like to see implemented in Canada, and/or is there any Canadian holidays I felt that I missed throughout my years in Sweden? Is there any group or maybe a special gathering for Swedish immigrants in Toronto? How has the years in Sweden affected my possibility to adapt in Canada? Am I required to assimilate by means of giving up my Swedish identity and culture in order to fit in? What is the lifestyle of, and how are people from Sweden adapting in Canada? What are the stereotypes Swedish people have of Canadians and vice versa, and is it founded? Is it necessary to assimilate or can one live with both diversities side by side and integrated? These are some of the questions I am going to address, sometimes from personal experience but also based on facts. ...
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...The Thirty Year’s War in Europe lasted from 1618 until 1648, and consisted of four phases: The Bohemian phase from 1618 to 1625, the Danish phase 1625 to 1629, the Swedish phase 1630 to 1635, and the French phase 1635 to 1648. As the war went on Europe, so tired of the devastation, began crying for peace. Though the Spanish and French would fight another eleven years, until 1659, the Thirty Year’s War officially ended with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 which changed not only borders on maps, it was also the death blow to the Counter Reformation, ushering in a new era of secularization. Though peace talks began in 1644 in Munster and Osnabruck, the actual signing of the Treaty of Westphalia occurred in 1648. The council was the largest assembly of Europeans since the council at Constance in 1414. The accomplishments of the treaty were that it divided the Holy Roman Empire in such a way that it existed in name only after negotiations. Borderlands of the Empire fell away as the Dutch and Swiss ceased to belong to it and the United Provinces and Swiss Cantons were recognized as independent. Other outlying areas were also acquired by the Empire’s French and Swedish neighbors. Another change was that both Catholics and Protestants were allowed to coexist within the new “Holy Roman Empire,” creating a polyglot community of independent, sovereign states. An overarching theme also emerged with the treaty, and it was a theme of balancing power. Surrounding countries knew that in...
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...According to “The History of Sweden” (2015), the area now known as Sweden started to become widely populated around 8,000 B.C., but it wasn’t founded as a kingdom until 1280 by King Magnus Ladulas. Sweden was ruled solely by a monarchy until 1718 when the country was defeated in the Great Northern War. At this time, the Swedish parliament—Riksdag—had enough power to pass a new constitution that got rid of royal absolutism and instead gave all of the control to the Riksdag. This was changed in 1974 when the current constitution was passed. This new constitution gave the power to the people, allowing them to be able to vote of members of parliament in free elections. Although the monarch is still the head of the state, it is in name only (“History...
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...Leadership in Foreign Subsidiaries Abstract Background In 1993 the Swedish stock exchange opened up for foreign buyers. Since then, more and more Swedish companies have become foreign owned, which in turn means that more and more employees are getting foreign employers. The ongoing globalization process is indicating this trend will continue. The question is if the foreign investor will prioritize development in Sweden or if the research and development departments will be moved out from Sweden. A common effect of foreign acquisitions of Swedish companies has been the move of head offices out from Sweden, which can cause Sweden to lose competences in how to lead a large organization. Moreover, most foreign owned companies are controlled by a foreign com-pany or investor from any of the countries Norway, the USA, United Kingdom or Denmark. Purpose The purpose of this study is, from a management perspective, to investigate and discuss if and how a manager’s role and leadership style is influenced by having a foreign owner. As a part of the discussion the study will also examine which impact a foreign owner has on a Swedish subsidiary accord-ing to its leader. Method To accomplish the purpose of the study a qualitative approach has been applied. Telephone interviews of a semi structured character have been conducted with six managers with leading positions within middle-sized and large-sized companies. Conclusion Foreign owned subsidiaries tend...
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...Reduce emissions in Sweden with 40 per cent by 2020 – and finance the same amount of reductions in developing countries This position paper focuses on goals and targets in the Swedish national climate policy. Church of Sweden will present a position paper on climate and development in 2008, which will discuss support to climate change mitigation and adaptation in developing countries. Introduction The position of Church of Sweden on climate policy has its starting point in a long-standing commitment to the climate issue within the framework of the World Council of Churches (WCC). The WCC has a consultative status to the United Nations (UN) and has participated as an NGO-representative in the negotiations within the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) since the Convention was signed in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. Church of Sweden has on several occasions participated in the WCC delegation at these meetings. The position is also based on the Guidelines for the international department’s work on climate issues and on statements delivered by Church of Sweden to the Swedish government. 1 As will be seen from these documents Church of Sweden believes that Sweden should act from a perspective of global justice in decisions and negotiations concerning climate change. Further, Church of Sweden stresses the urgency for Sweden to pursue a forceful climate policy nationally, as well as internationally, and that early action in the climate issues are of decisive importance. Church...
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...Justin Williams Research Review 17 June 2012 “The role of affect in attitude formation: A Classical conditioning approach” After review “The role of affect in attitude formation: A Classical conditioning approach” I came to the conclusion that Evaluative conditioning (EC) refers to the formation or change of an attitude towards an object following that object’s pairing with positively or negatively valenced stimuli. We provide evidence that EC can occur through an implicit misattribution mechanism in which an evaluative response evoked by a valenced stimulus is incorrectly and implicitly attributed to another stimulus, forming or changing an attitude towards this other stimulus. Five studies measured or manipulated variables related to the potential for the misattribution of an evaluation, or “source confusability.” Greater EC was observed when participants’ eye gaze shifted frequently between a valenced and neutral stimulus (Studies 1 & 2), when the two stimuli appeared in close spatial proximity (Study 3), and when the neutral stimulus was made more perceptually salient than the valenced stimulus due to its larger size (Study 4). In other words, conditions conducive to source confusability increased EC. Study 5 provided evidence for multiple mechanisms of EC by comparing the effects of mildly evocative valenced stimuli (those evoking responses that might more easily be misattributed to another object) to more strongly evocative stimuli. Social psychological theory...
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...Some of these elements of reference relative to the description of immigrants include their nationality, country of origin or their mother tongue. The source of the data for the analysis of immigrants in Finland is the Finnish statistical population data. From this source, information concerning the backgrounds and citizenship of immigrants were obtained. The population described as native in this study refers to the Finnish speaking population or those who speak either the Swedish or the Sami languages. In the early 1990s, there were only a small number of foreigners who were residing in Finland. Owing to this, people who speak other languages other than Finnish, Swedish or Sami were perceived as migrants. The statistics of languages of immigrants available at the Finnish Statistical Services are developed on the mother tongues that were declared personally by the individual...
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...Scandinavian Culture: Home Exam Antoine LE GOFF HISTORY BOOK: HOW SWEDEN BECAME SWEDISH Table of Contents Introduction 1 Creation of Sweden and its culture 3 17th - 18th century: Swedish culture is born 3 Göticism and Viking heritage: Foundation of the Swedish culure 3 18th Century: the Enlightenment: a new view of the nation 3 19th Century: National Romanticism 3 20th century: Contemporary History 4 The dissolution of the Union 4 The First World War 4 Wellfare system establishment 4 The Second World War 4 The Cold War 5 European Union and Immigration 5 How Sweden Becam Swedish 6 Welfare State 6 Cultural Policy and Propaganda 7 Multi-culturalism 8 Gender Equality 9 Conclusion 11 Introduction The purpose of this essay is to try to understand the Scandinavian culture. To do this, we have to clarify some concepts, like National Identity, Nationalism, culture and Swedishness, in order to understand the connection between those, and finally expose more easely the following arguments. Those concepts can be seen as pretty dimness and deep, so we have to treat those with caution. In fact, if we start with Nationalism, many theorists tried to counteract the three paradoxes this concept bring : objective modernity vs. subjective antiquity, socio-cultural concept vs. concrete manifestations and 'political' power vs. philosophical poverty. Therefore, we see that Nationalism involve multiple frameworks, like history, culture, social...
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...Just as a cover does not fully reveal the text of its book, the ambiguousness of my physical appearance has never truly represented the cultural diversity and experiences of my life. People have inquired about my nationality and guessed countries from the sunny shores of Samoa to the mango orchards of India. In the sunshine and heat of the summer, a person wouldn't likely guess, from the melanin in my skin and salty ringlet curls that crown my head, that I fluently speak Croatian and love the Croatian folk dance “kolo.” However, weeks into winter that same person would not guess from my pale tan and straightened hair that I experience the prejudice of bearing the label “Black.” The diversity of my background continues when a person asks me where I am from, to which I recite the following: “My dad is an African-American soldier from...
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...Mohamed Ashraf El Wakeel (Cell) +20100321959 (Home) +2033814089 m2wakeel@gmail.com Personal data: Gender Date of Birth Place of Birth Address Nationality Marital Status Military Status Male Nov 1st, 1986 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 17 Acid City, Smouha, Alexandria Egyptian. Single. Exempted Education And Qualifications : 2003 – 2007: Faculty of commerce – English section - Tanta University Bachelor degree in Accounting. Pursuing Masters of Business Administration (MBA) at Arab Academy for Science and Technology, Alexandria's Branch, Human Resources (HR) Major. 2010 – Now: Currant Occupation: - Program Assistant and Trainer for Political Parties at the National Democratic Institute (NDI) for International Affairs, Alexandria, Egypt. Former Follow Up Agent (Customer Service Dept.) at Link Dot Net, Broad Band Alexandria (First internet Service Provider Company in Egypt). - - Former Secretary General of Alexandria International Model United Nations 2010 (AIMUN2010), In partnership with World Bank (WB), Youth Entrepreneurship and Sustainability (YES, Inc.), United Nations (UN), and Suzanne Mubarak Women's International Peace Movement, and the Swedish Institute. Former Board Member of the Youth Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Egypt Network (YES, Inc.) - 1 Experiences: 2006 : IBM Certificate in Introduction of Visual Basic 6. : Training in the Egyptian Stock Exchange Market. : Participated and Organized the 5th Alexandria International Bridge...
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...50 sampled companies which operate around the world. The main emphasis is to assess which fair trade strategies and actions can be found in company reports and to identify best practice approaches. Based on these findings, I will be dealing with the question if the strategies can be worth adapting by German retailers. "Never before have had so many people so much in common, but never before have the things that divide them been so obvious.” Due to the fact that profit maximization and long-term maintenance of a business company are still the main business objectives global trade, free markets and globalization are the talks of today. At the same time organizations, institutions and governments share a vision of people of different nationalities and cultures which are able to trade resources across boundaries. However, it is not easy to maintain that when globalization does not favor those who want to trade fair-minded and reasonable. Besides there is a need for regulations when nation´s own global trading policies together with international corporations´ desire to increase their profits result in manipulated international trade pacts and agreements. Nevertheless fair trade is an effective way of development cooperation and for that reason millions of famers around the world symbolizes this way of participation in global trade relations, kids in school, healthy environment and thriving communities. In order to facilitate fair trade, involved institutions have to stick to...
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...Speaking on the front of all IT students, we use lot of technology, coding everyday, but have we paused a while to think, who were the pioneers, who walked that extra step to make this happen! After a small minute research I have collaborated some data, that might be helpful for you to figure out who's who! :) Beginning with my favorite coding language, JavaScript, the person behind this was Brendan Eich. Moving to Java, it was James Gosling's dream come true. The most popular one, C was the work of Dennis Ritchie. Adding two plus signs to it, C++ was created by Bjarne Stroustrup. Then its PERL, the work of Larry Wall. SQL was designed by Donald D. Chamberlin & Raymond F. Boyce. Moving forward, Python was designed by Guido van Rossum. And the last and famous coding language used by masses, PHP, was designed by Rasmus Lerdorf The World Economic Forum's Technology Pioneers programme recognizes companies, normally in a start-up phase, from around the world that are involved in the design, development and deployment of new technologies, and hold promise of significantly impacting the way business and society operate. Technology Pioneers must demonstrate visionary leadership and show signs of being long-standing market leaders – their technology must be proven. Each year, hundreds of innovative companies from around the world are reviewed, with approximately 30 selected as Technology Pioneers in the following three categories: AFP - Charles Kao, Willard Boyle and...
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...internationally but also in Sweden in the 21st century. The globalization of economies and the migration has dramatically increased opportunities while also affecting organizations in a manner that it requires it to be more open and accommodative towards a heterogeneous working environment. Unfortunately many companies do not see the advantages that cultural diversity could bring and how a well managed cultural diversity could essentially achieve competitive edge in the market. Therefore there is little is to be found regarding how organizations today view and manage a culturally diverse workforce, especially in a Swedish working environment. The lack of this type of research in a Swedish context creates a possible research gap and leads to this study in investigating the organizations in Västerbotten and their view and management of cultural diversity. Thus the research question: How do Swedish organizations view and manage cultural diversity? In order to gain insights in to this question, previous research has been investigated and some main theories have been selected. Through this it has been found that cultural diversity is a complex subject that can bring both positive and negative effects to an organization. These are in turn affecting how cultural diversity is viewed by that organization. Furthermore, this view affects how cultural diversity is managed, and the management in turn affects the result this concept brings to the company. This in turn has been represented in a theoretical...
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