...But now, in the 21st century, nurses are providing that quality within an increasingly multicultural society. Doctor Madeline Leininger, founder of the field of transcultural nursing, says that when providing culturally competent patient care, it must be customized to fit the patient’s own cultural values, beliefs, traditions, practices and lifestyle. ((Leininger, & McFarland, 2006). The heritage assessment tool helped me to identify that families with diverse cultures have different perceptions on wellness and disease. Using this assessment tool, can help the healthcare provider determine how to care for their patient based on their cultural needs, it will also help identify the approach that needs to be made in teaching, health maintenance, health protection and health restoration as the provider can use the results as a baseline for treatment. The basis of this paper is to familiarize myself with the Native American, African American, and Hispanic cultures. The heritage assessment tool helped me to determine the needs of the whole person based on their beliefs and practices. As I began my exploration of diverse cultures, I decided it would be best to start with my family. I used the heritage assessment tool and I identified my family as being of the Hispanic American culture, with Hispanic American values and traditions. We spoke primarily English in my household, but the adults did speak Spanish to one another when they visited. I grew up with my grandparents as my...
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... 2015). To be a nurse, be it at the associate or baccalaureate level, means the same thing: to provide compassionate care through the “promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles” (ICN, 2002). However; since 1965, the American Nurses Association (ANA) has taken the stance the nurses should be educated, at minimum, at the baccalaureate level for entrance into the profession as the belief that an increasing number complex health issues and growing number of advancements in knowledge require education beyond nursing basics (Nelson, 2002). This paper will explore the difference in competencies between nurses trained at the associates level and baccalaureate level and how ADN and BSN level nurses may differ in their approach to a patient care situation, while helping to enhance the commitment to advancement in education. Associate Degree Level Because of severe nursing shortages after the war, in 1951 Mildred Montag initiated a new 2 year associate...
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...RUNNING HEAD: LEININGER’S THEORY OF CULTURE CARE Critique Paper Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality University of Virginia Theoretical Foundation of Nursing Abstract The Cultural Care Diversity and Universality Theory provides a conceptual framework to discover and explain diversities and similarities of care practices, within a cultures context. The theory is highly complex, and has many levels of scope, in relation to human cultures and nursing worldwide. Culture care is applicable to any culture and many diverse settings. The theory is accessible as a guide to research and can lead to empirical precision. The Sunrise Enabler provides a “visual map” that depicts the multi-factoring influences of culture described in the Culture Care Theory. The United States has become a very pluralistic society and continues to grow in international and ethnic diversity daily. In 2006, Louis Kincannon, Census Bureau Director, stated that “about one in three U.S. residents is a minority.” In 2006, of the United States population, 66% were white or European, 15% Hispanic America, 13% African America, 5% Asian American, and 0.4% Native American (United States Census Bureau, 2006). By 2020 they project that only 53% of the U.S. population is going to be white of European descent. In addition, by 2020 the Hispanic Americans and Asian Americans will triple, while the number of African Americans is expected to double (U.S. Census Bureau, 2006). Considering these...
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...The Role of Transcultural Nursing Nur 502-Theoretical Basis for Nursing Brigette Lander February 20, 2014 Abstract The core of nursing at its simplest application is to cause no harm and restore a person to health when possible. For years now, nurses have been working to close the health disparity gap and become culturally competent for our “melting pot” of minority cultures. Forbes magazine (2010) said only 18% of Americans speak a foreign language, compared to 53% of Europeans and growing numbers of others around the world who communicate in a foreign language. The 2007 census bureau lists 74 countries that have a large percentage of their population who speak English. Language barriers alone can have poor results for nursing care of culturally diverse populations. That being the case, nursing theory developed by nurses in the United States has obvious flaws. This paper will take a multifaceted look at the problems nursing in the United States face when caring for ethnic minorities without the use of culturally competent nursing theory based upon the patients cultural identity. By taking a look at a Pakistani patient, readers will have an understanding of how we unknowingly fail to provide adequate nursing care. The Role of Transcultural Nursing The United States has always deemed this country superior to all other countries in the world in all manners of living with medicine and nursing not being an exception. We have held close to the idea that all other countries...
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...DeNisco (2013) defined cultural competence as a “compilation of the clinical skills and professional behavior of a healthcare provider focused on the cultural values, beliefs, and perceptions of the consumer while both are engaged in the therapeutic relationship” (p.486). According to Higgins and Learn (1999), the Hispanic population includes a diversity of subgroups. Although each subgroup shares a common language, “they differ in traditions and customs” (Higgins & Learn p. 1105). This paper will focus on Hispanics residing in rural Dominican Republican. According to Schumacher (2010), the number of Hispanics immigrating and living in the United States is rapidly increasing. “Between 1990 and 2000, the number of foreign-born Hispanics from the Dominican Republic (DR) in the United States increased by 98 %” (p. 93). Language barriers, lack of access to preventative care, and lack of insurance are some of the factors that affect the health of the Hispanics population (Hicks, 2012). The purpose of this paper is to increase awareness of the affects cultural competency and sensitivity has on professional communication and the Hispanic population. Summary of Article...
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...Transcultural Nursing Theory Applied Vulnerable Populations I "Nowhere are the divisions of race, ethnicity and culture more sharply drawn that in the health of the people in the United States. Despite recent progress in overall national health, there are continuing disparities in the incidence of illness and death among African Americans, Latino/Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, Asian Americans, Alaskan Natives and Pacific Islanders as compared with the US population as a whole." --National Center for Cultural Competence Population addressed Population addressed In 1950, U.S.-born whites made up about 90 percent of the U.S. population. By 2000, this number declined to about 75 percent, and by 2050 non-Hispanic whites will be in the numerical minority (U.S. Census Bureau 2001, 2002). This rapid diversification requires healthcare organizations to pay closer attention to cross-cultural issues if they are to meet the healthcare needs of the nation and continue to maintain a high standard of care. Looking at the Country as a whole the current area of discussion for this paper is the area of Western North Carolina and the population of Asheville, which is a melting pot of cultures which the combination they create is unique to no other. According to the 2006 U.S. Census Bureau statistics for Asheville, N.C. the current demographics break down as follows: Asheville [City] Population (current estimate), 70,400. Buncombe County Population (2006), 222,174, county in...
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...The Lakota And Mapuche Healing Practices Across a large distance, two cultures will be dissected to show how health and care is administered to the people of the Lakota and Mapuche. I will show the ways in which they are alike and different. Also discussed will be the pros and cons of their practices in reference to modern, western medicine. All have factors that affect the ability to provide the best care to the people of their lands. This paper will also dive into the history from which the techniques come and discuss how the changes that have been made to the techniques are changing the people and will continue to affect them into the future. One thing that is common and ubiquitous between the two tribes is that most of their knowledge was passed down orally. The primary healer in Mapuche medicine were the Machi, or Mapuche shaman. These shaman would use a variety of techniques to heal those who sought them which largely involved altered states of consciousness including dreams, visions and trances. In this altered state the Machi would often experience possession and rebirth. These techniques and stories were most commonly passed down orally through biographies and mythohistories which contain elements of normal linear story telling along with cyclical story telling. Time and events move along in a scientifically linear temporal fashion and yet events also repeat in similar formats, seeming to have ties to the past (Raimondi, 2013). In total there are three types...
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...Promotion Among Asian Americans Robert Ramirez Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V Family-Centered Health Promotion February 22, 2015 Health Promotion Among Asian Americans The U.S. Public Health Service defines health promotion as “the process of advocating health in order to enhance the probability that personal, private, and public support of positive health practices will become a societal norm” (Edelman, Mandle, & Kudzma, 2014). Health is a basic human right; optimal health is a well-balanced structure of emotional, physical, spiritual, psychological, intellectual, and social well-being. The purpose of health promotion in nursing is to increase health knowledge that will in turn positively influence health behaviors of individuals and communities (Foster, 2012). Roughly 36% of the U.S. population is made up of various ethnic or racial minorities. Of that 36%, 4.8% were Asian Americans. According to the Office of Management and Budget, “Asians” consist of people that originate from the Far East, Southeast Asia, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan Thailand, Vietnam, or the Philippine Islands (CDC, 2014). These 14.7 million people are dispersed throughout the country, with Hawaii having the largest concentration (57%) of the total Asian population (CDC, 2014). The CDC (2014) states that minority groups “experience a disproportionate burden of preventable disease, death, and disability compared with non-minorities.” This paper will concentrate on...
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...Legislation On The Elderly In The United States Final Paper The Older American Act of 1965 was signed into law on July 14, 1965. This act established the Administration on Aging within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and called for the creation of State Units on Aging. This act was considered one of the most important contributions on aging legislation enacted by congress. This report is a review of legislation regarding Older American Act. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction on the history of Legislation on the Elderly ……………………………………2 Background Early Acts Enacted to meet the needs of the Elderly……………………………2 Early Acts Enacted leading up to OAA of 1965 …………………………………………..3 Review of Older American Act…….. ………………………………………………………4 Older American Title Review…………..…………………………………………………….5 Amendments………………………………………………………………………………….9 Strength and Weakness of Older American Act……………………………………………..14 Recommendation…………………………………………………………………………….15 Conclusion … ………………………………………………………………………………16 References……………………………………………………………………………………17 Introduction The new deal program of the 1930’s was enacted by congress to address economic issues during the Great Depression. The Social Security Act of 1935 was a response to criticism for the lack of aid to retired workers age 65 and older and who no longer worked (justfacts.com). This law created "a system of Federal old-age benefits" (justfacts.com). The new act provided pensions...
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...Homeopathy: An alternative means of Treatment Nicoline Lami Edie Langston University Introduction Homeopathy is an alternative medicine developed more than 200 years ago in Germany at the end of the 18th century by Dr Samuel Hahneman. This natural healing system is based on the theory “of like cures like” wherein an actual substance that produces symptoms in a healthy person can stimulate self-healing of similar symptoms in a sick person. Plants, minerals and animals are compounded into different forms such as ointment gels, drops, creams and tablets. The word homeopathy comes from the Greek word; “homeos”, which means similar and “pathos”, meaning disease (Wyatt, Sikorskii & You, 2013, p. 34). Our rationale for choosing this topic is our desire to broaden our knowledge on the intricacies of homeopathy. It is a concept that eludes us as nursing students. As people who collectively have as final goal to provide health care to the population in general, it will be of interest to know what other forms of complementary medicines our clients are using. In addition, people who use homeopathic medicine do so while still actively seeking the services of medical practitioners or cannot afford conventional medicine or better still because it is a practice that has been handed to them from generation to generation. According to Zimmerman (2012), 30% of nurse-midwives in North Carolina recommended Statistical data suggest that homeopathy is a well-known...
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...Native American Medicines Axia College University of Phoenix Native medicine has always excelled in the treatment of wounds and surgery, such as mending broken bones etc, a branch of medicine that during the pioneer era was a most barbaric torture in western medicine. Hygiene was poor and anaesthetics unknown. Barbers doubled up as surgeons. Even today Western medicine is indebted to indigenous medicine for the most commonly used anaesthetic derived from Coca .A plant that South American Indian doctors have used for this purpose since pre-Colombian times. Indeed there are numerous plants of both south and North American Native origin that have enriched modern western herbalist and medicine. However, in Native traditions it is not just the plant that makes the medicine, but foremost the power of the spirit that governs the plant. A plant as such would be considered useless unless it were gathered and prepared with due respect, prayer and rituals with which the healer seeks the support of the plant spirit to help him affect a cure. Native American Medicines: Even though, Native American Medicines have no real threat to our bodies. Are Native American Medicines better for us than Traditional medicines with no side affects because Native American Medicines have been around for years and are still being used today and Native American Medicines have no real side affects like traditional medicines do. The most important...
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...Teen suicide in male Native American teens Elizabeth Nather Teen suicide in male Native American teens Community can be interpreted and defined in a variety of ways depending on the group, it’s purpose, size, their interests, makeup, history, and bonds. Some communities have a history together while others form for just a short period of time. Because of these variables, a community can exist for different reasons, and have a unique make up with its own particular standards and goals. While one community may exist to counsel its members short term, another may have existed for many years with the goal of promoting future generations and preserving the history and traditions of their community. Webster defines community as, “a group of people with a common background or with shared interests within a society (Meriam Webster, 2010). The Native American Indians are an identified community. They share a common history and have shared interests within their society. Theirs is a unique culture with rich traditions and beliefs that have been passed on through many generations; a culture very different from many typical US ones. Historically, Native American communities have encouraged interdependence among Indian youth, families, and community connections (Long, et al.,2006). As these communities foster interdependence, many Native American youth are faced with a one sided knowledge of American society. The reservation is all they know so they cannot acclimate to...
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...so forth, in the US. To be in the healthcare profession, it is vital and necessary to be culturally aware and competent to provide culturally appropriate, holistic care. One of the ways to learn about a person’s heritage is by using the Heritage Assessment (HA). The HA tool has 29 questions and is a reliable method used to collect data on the patients’ traditional heritage. This paper will discuss the usefulness of the Heritage Assessment (HA) tool, this student’s summary of personal learning, this student’s cultural heritage common health traditions, in addition to the differences in health traditions from three different cultures in relation to health maintenance, protection, and restoration. We have to understand our own cultural beliefs, values, attitudes, and practices that are relevant to health and illness before we can understand others (Jarvis, 2012). People have different views on health and illness which is influenced by their cultural beliefs. According to Jarvis (2012), to be culturally competent, one must have knowledge of one’s own personal heritage, the heritage of the patient, nursing profession, and health care system. The Heritage Assessment is a useful tool to build cultural competency by collecting relevant data to assist the healthcare providers to provide better care. The tool assists healthcare providers to bridge the gap to better understand the patients’ belief system resulting in a better healthcare experience for all participants involved. For example...
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...doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2007.00793.x Vol 39 No 5 2008 775–786 The ‘digital natives’ debate: A critical review of the evidence Sue Bennett, Karl Maton and Lisa Kervin Sue Bennett is a senior lecturer in the Faculty of Education, University of Wollongong. Karl Maton is a lecturer in the Department of Sociology and Social Policy at the University of Sydney. Lisa Kervin is a lecturer in the Faculty of Education, University of Wollongong. Address for correspondence: Sue Bennett, Faculty of Education, University of Wollongong, Australia. Email: sue_bennett@uow.edu.au Abstract The idea that a new generation of students is entering the education system has excited recent attention among educators and education commentators. Termed ‘digital natives’ or the ‘Net generation’, these young people are said to have been immersed in technology all their lives, imbuing them with sophisticated technical skills and learning preferences for which traditional education is unprepared. Grand claims are being made about the nature of this generational change and about the urgent necessity for educational reform in response. A sense of impending crisis pervades this debate. However, the actual situation is far from clear. In this paper, the authors draw on the fields of education and sociology to analyse the digital natives debate. The paper presents and questions the main claims made about digital natives and analyses the nature of the debate itself. We argue that rather than being empirically...
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...certain circumstances. As a researcher and a writer, Matthew Gribble analyzes his crime scene with diligence and care. The crisis: The shortage of nurses in America. The question: How and why did this shortage become a persistent problem? Matthew affixes strings of yarn to a number of gunshots: the increasing average age of the workforce, long hours, work that is often menial or clerical, and finally, relatively low salaries. But these strands lead to new questions, wider causes which have nothing to do with social yarn. These new questions have to do with rhetoric and the enduring association of nursing with “women’s work” and “femininity.” Matthew has the audacity to ask how the rhetoric of femininity actually functions. How and why are we compelled to accept images and tropes as ‘normal’ or ‘natural’ when they are anything but normal and natural? Is it possible that the rhetoric of nursing is responsible for the shortage? Or perhaps it is the rhetoric of femininity and masculinity as such? But how did such a crime take place, right under our noses, when so many of us never noticed that an injustice ever took place? This essay is brilliant and provocative because it will not stop until the crime...
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