...however it is not such a feasible goal for the near future. Instead, scientists must find a right now solution that can be placed into effect today. It may not be the 100% clean energy they dream of, but it is a stepping stone in the road there. That stepping stone is Natural Gas. Prior to the 21st century, most Americans heated their homes with a heating oil system. As of 2014, 6.5 million American households were still equipped to this system. 87% of them are coming directly from the Northeastern region of the United States. A heating oil system uses petroleum products to provide heat to buildings. These petroleum products are derived from crude oil at refineries. Crude oil is a fossil fuel, which is consists of hydrocarbons. It is removed from deep within the Earth, where it is found in a liquid state. (EIA,2015) When the crude oil is transformed into petroleum products and then burned, many harmful chemicals are released into the air. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter (PM 2.5) and more are set loose into the air that Americans breathe everyday. The Greenhouse Effect, or the overwhelmingly warming of the Earth is directly caused by Greenhouse gas emissions, which come from the burning of these fossil fuels. In 2013, 82% of all carbon dioxide emissions in the world came directly from the United States. 47.8 million metric tons of this carbon dioxide came from New York City...
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...Pipeline Routes For Delivery Of US North Slope Natural Gas to Lower-48 Markets [pic] Economics 494 March 2, 2005 By: Etienne Snyman Pipeline Routes for Delivery of US North Slope Natural Gas to Lower-48 Markets Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Over-the-Top Route 1.2 Alaska Highway Route 2.0 Part 1 2.1.0 Economic Impacts of the Alaska Highway and “Over-The-Top” Routes on Various Stakeholders 2.1.1 Natural Gas Producers in Alaska 2.1.2 Natural Gas Producers in the Beaufort Sea-Mackenzie Delta 2.1.3 Mackenzie Valley Corridor Producers 2.1.4 Producers in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin 2.1.5 Producers in the Supply Regions of the Lower 48 US States 2.1.6 The Global Liquefied Natural Gas Sector 2.1.7: Natural Gas End-use Consumers 2.1.8: Pipeline Operating Companies 2.1.9: American Taxpayer Perspective of the Alaska Highway Route 2.1.10: Canadian Taxpayer Perspective of the Alaska Highway Route 2.1.11: American Taxpayer Perspective of the “Over-the-Top” Route 2.1.12: Canadian Taxpayer Perspective of the “Over-the-Top” Route 2.1.13: Aboriginal Interests 2.2.0: Potential Environmental Impacts of the Alaska Highway and the “Over-The-Top” Routes 2.2.1: Overview 2.2.2: Environmental Impacts According To The Yukon Conservation Society 2.2.3: Environmental Impacts...
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...1. Introduction Russia holds the world’s largest reserves of natural gas, the second largest coal reserves, and the eighth largest crude oil reserves. Russia recent years has become the world’s top gas exporter, mainly to Europe. At the time of fast growing electricity demand, when consumption significantly rise with development of new technologies, gas as a source of electricity become more and more important issue. Topic will discuss natural gas industry in Russia and Russian Company Gazprom. Gazprom is a peculiar corporate giant in gas industry. It is most internationally oriented company in Russia. 2. The role of geography Sitting astride the Eurasian landmass and occupying a territory of 17,098.2 thousand square kilometers, and spanning 11 time zones from Kaliningrad in the west to Kamchatka in the east, Russia is the largest state in the world in terms of territorial extent. Its northern shores wash against the Artic Ocean, while the southern resort region of Krasnodar enjoys a Mediterranean climate. Today Russia’s population is 142.2 million, and the average population density is 8.3 persons per square kilometers (1). However, this hides considerable regional variation: the average population density in the Central Federal District, which includes Moscow, is 57.7 persons per square kilometer, while in the Far Eastern Federal District it is only 1.1 persons. The Central Federal District occupies 3.8 per cent of Russia’s territory and was home to 26.2 per...
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...UNDERSTANDING NATURAL GAS MARKETS Table of Contents PREVIEW Overview ...................................................................... 2 The North American Natural Gas Marketplace ............... 4 Natural Gas Supply ....................................................... 8 Natural Gas Demand ................................................... 12 Natural Gas Exports .................................................... 15 How Natural Gas is Traded .......................................... 16 Conclusion: A New Era For U.S. Natural Gas Markets ... 20 Glossary ..................................................................... 20 References ................................................................. 23 Understanding Natural Gas Markets Overview Natural Gas is an Important Source of Energy for the United States. Natural gas is an attractive fuel because it is clean burning and efficient, and ample supplies of natural gas are available from domestic resources. Recently, natural gas production in the U.S. has increased substantially due to technological advancements in natural gas extraction methods. This increased production has displaced traditional supply sources and resulted in reduced prices for natural gas consumers. The prospect of ample natural gas supplies, continued low prices, and the favorable environmental and economic position of natural gas-fired electric generation plants are leading to expectations of growing U.S. demand for natural gas, especially...
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...and Turkmenistan, and Azerbaijan in the South Caucasus, were all united, as parts of the Soviet Union. Moscow would have had unfettered access to their oil and gas reserves. But the Central Asian states realise one of their greatest strategic strengths as independent countries is playing off the big global powers now scrambling to buy their precious energy supplies. So, Moscow now finds itself in fierce competition with the big players: China, the US and Europe. "Russia's overall position in Central Asia is shrinking," says Mikhail Kroutikhin, editor-in-chief of the Russian Energy Weekly. "Russia is in retreat and the Chinese are jumping on the big opportunities." New 'Great Game'? Rivalry in the region is often compared with the 19th Century British-Russian imperial rivalry nicknamed the "Great Game". China's president officially opened the Turkmenistan-China gas pipeline The past year has seen some key moments in the new energy "Great Game" in Central Asia, with the first pipelines being commissioned that take oil and gas east to China, instead of north and west. From Kazakhstan, 200,000 barrels of oil are now being pumped every day across the border into the western Chinese province of Xinjiang, and there are plans to double this pipeline's capacity. From Turkmenistan, a pipeline carrying gas to China via Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan was opened last December by the Chinese President Hu Jintao. It could satisfy around half of China's current demand by the...
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...1. Why have reserves of oil and natural gas greatly increased in the USA in the last three years? Compare both natural gas and oil reserves in the USA in 2005 to now (2015) (6 points) Reserves of oil and natural gas have greatly increased in the USA in the last 3 years because of controversial fracking and drilling methods. This unconventional horizontal drilling method produced more natural gas and shale oil than people thought possible. This new type of drilling could be done under the economic conditions and with the technology we currently have. For the first time since 1975, the US produced over 36 billion barrels of oil. In 2005, the need for imported oil decreased. Instead, an improved domestic supply of oil from fracking methods was...
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...Driving Annual $20 Billion Via Pipeline This article by Edward Klump on Bloomberg.com discusses the market of natural gas that Alaska’s North Slope has in reserves and the need of this valuable commodity in regards to the countries of Asia, especially China. The state government of Alaska and large natural resource and exploration companies including Exxon Mobile Corp, BP Plc., and ConocoPhillips are currently planning construction of the transportation pipeline and the facilities needed to compress the natural gas into liquid and ship it to their potential consumers. The article states that this venture would generate as much as $20 billion in annual LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) sales. The 800-mile pipeline project from northern Alaska to a southern port may cost $20 billion to $26 billion; about three times as much as TransCanada Corp.’s Keystone pipeline proposal to link Canada’s oil to the U.S. Gulf Coast, according to a 2010 estimate of the Alaska project. Industry estimates have also pegged Alaska’s Liquefied Natural Gas total project cost at $40 to $50 billion, factoring in a pipeline and liquefaction plant. (Klump 2012 Paragraph 9-10) Alaska’s marketing of the reserves to the lower 48 states has been slowed by technological advances in the process of fracking to obtain natural gas within the continental US. Fracking is the process of drilling deep into shale strata and fracturing the material to release the natural resource. This process is...
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...Acquisition/Investment Cancelled Acquisition/Investment Group By: Investments Company Name Relationship Type Primary Industry Last Investment Date LTM Total Rev. ($mm) LFQ Total Assets ($mm) LFQ Total Debt ($mm) Period End Date Cuadrilla Resources Holding Limited Pending Acquisition/Investment Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Feb-16-2010 - - - - Website: There is no website for this company Business Description: Cuadrilla Resources Holding Limited operates as an oil and gas exploration and production company. The company was founded in 2007 and is based in the United Kingdom. Investment Coverage: - Relationship with Investor/Parent: Total Investment ($mm): - Expected Exit Date: - Percent Owned (%): - Return on Investment (%): - Controlling Interest: - Investor Notes: - Transactions: Date: Feb-16-2010 Type: Private Placement Size ($mm): 58.00 Status: Announced Eagle Energy, LLC Pending Acquisition/Investment Electric Utilities Dec-21-2009 - - - - Website: www.eagleenergyllc.com Business Description: Eagle Energy, LLC provides alternative energy supply, and electricity and natural gas consulting and aggregation services to commercial, industrial, and governmental entities. The company also offers energy aggregation for communities. It has operations in Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island...
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...per cent for pipelines and 5 per cent for roads. Railways and roads are inefficient modes of carrying petroleum products because they consume significantly more energy (320 BTU for railways and 1700 BTU for roads to move one tonne of petroleum products over one km) than pipelines for which the comparable figure is only 50-135 BTU. Clearly, pipeline transportation is the most efficient way of moving petroleum products and gases and, hence, is the preferred mode all over the world. In developed countries like the USA and the UK, almost all long distance transportation of petroleum products and gas takes place through pipelines. India is far behind these countries in realizing the full potential of pipelines because it does not have a well-developed pipeline network. A rapid development of pipelines, therefore, is essential to ensure that the share of this mode in the transportation of petroleum products and natural gas reaches the desired level. It is estimated that around Rs 30,000 crore are likely to be invested over the next 10-12 years in setting up pipeline networks for liquid petroleum products The efficient and effective movement of natural gas from producing regions to consumption regions requires an extensive and elaborate transportation system. In many instances, natural gas produced from a particular well will have to travel a great distance to reach its point of use. The transportation system for natural gas consists of a complex network of pipelines, designed to quickly...
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...Analysis of Users of Natural Gas segment in India ChirayuTrivedi 20141014 Deep Tigga 20141015 Mayank Gupta 20141033 Pranjal Kishore 20141050 Faculty Mentor: Prof. Sudhir Yadav In partial fulfilment for the term project IN MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION OF SCHOOL OF PETROLEUM MANAGEMENT, PANDIT DEENDAYAL PETROLEUM UNIVERSITY ABSTRACT Adequate supply of affordable energy is a pre-requisite for sustained growth, especially in the developing and emerging economies. Natural gas has emerged as most benign fuel in this regard. Natural Gas is a new age fuel. With only one carbon and four hydrogen atoms per molecule, Natural Gas has the lowest carbon to hydrogen ratio, hence it burns completely, making it the cleanest of fossil fuels. Natural Gas satisfies most of the requirements for fuel in a modern day industrial society, being efficient, non-polluting and relatively economical. The periodic uncertainties and volatility in both the price and supply of oil, have also helped Natural Gas emerge as a major fuel in the energy basket across countries. Sector Natural Gas is used Generation of electricity by utilities Fertilizer Industry Industrial As fuel for base load power plants In combined cycle/cogeneration power plants As feed stock in the production of ammonia and urea As an under boiler fuel for raising steam As fuel in furnaces and heating applications For heating of spaces and water For cooking As a non-polluting...
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...Constitution Pipeline. The Constitution Pipeline, is a pipeline that is Approximately 124 miles long and will extend from Susquehanna County, PA., to Schoharie County, NY. The pipeline which was proposed in mid-2012, has been majorly opposed to residents in this area. There are some businesses that are in favor of the pipeline, like the company Amphenol Aerospace, that would like to receive natural gas to their company and the only way they can receive natural gas is with the construction of the pipeline and there are land owners that are concerned about the safety and do not want to have the pipeline running though their land. On April 22, 2016, New York Department of Conservation has denied the Constitution Pipeline for the permits to clear tress to begin construction. In 2014 Governor Andrew Cuomo, banned hydraulic fracking. With the community groups and Cuomo, pressuring the state the pipeline was rejected. The Constitution Pipeline Company has not yet decided if they are going to appeal the decision. Even though this pipeline stands to bring almost 2500 jobs to the area during construction as well as tax benefits, most residents are against the pipeline. In Pennsylvania the Constitutional Pipeline will cross 36 miles of interior forest which is a habitat for migratory birds and other wildlife. Mid- 2012, Williams and Cabot Oil and Gas, proposed the construction of a 124-mile-long natural gas pipeline in upstate New York called the Constitution Pipeline. The Constitution...
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...twenty eight member states as of March 2013), it needed more energy sources as energy plays an important role for economic development. Now the European Union is the largest importer of energy (oil and gas) in the world, and the second largest energy consumer. Therefore, member states of the EU need more secure access to energy resources. Beside the North-South and East-West energy corridors, Europe ingests the South-North corridor, connecting it with North Africa and the Middle East. In 2007 Oil and Gas Journal estimated stocks and supplies of oil at 114 billion barrel and natural gas at 13, 9 billion cubic meter. Almost one third of European imported oil comes either from the Middle East or from North-West Africa. Europe pipeline interests in the south are focused exclusively on natural gas. In 2006 Algeria delivered 16, 7% of Europe gas, and it’s considered to be the biggest third land delivers natural gas, including LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas), to Europe. Almost half of the supplies to Europe go to Spain and the rest to Italy and France. The other two important countries in the region producing Gas are Libya and Egypt, they hold together with Algeria a proven reserves of 4, 5% of the world reserves. These three lands can present a reliable long-term alternative to the Russian gas. Starting from 2020 Algeria for example can...
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...2. Oil and gas sector This chapter begins with an overview of the oil and gas industry in Malaysia. Description of the value chain of the industry is given in section 2.2, followed by the industry’s economic performance in section 2.3. Section 2.4 focuses on the scope of the inquiry regarding issues in the oil and gas industry. 2.1 Oil and gas industry in Malaysia This section provides an overview of the oil and gas industry in Malaysia. 2.1.1 History Oil and gas production have been a mainstay of Malaysia’s growth since oil was first drilled in 1910 in Miri, Sarawak. The first oil well (known as The Grand Old Lady) which was discovered by Shell, started with a production of 83 barrels per day (bbls/d) and reached a maximum of 15,000 bbls/d in 1929. There were no other drilling activities elsewhere in Borneo or Peninsular Malaya until the 1950s. [1, 2, 3] Petroleum activities began increasing significantly in 1960s due to the discovery and development of offshore fields in Borneo. The late 1960s saw the beginning of offshore oil exploration in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. In the 1970s, some oil fields in Malaysia were producing 90,000 to 99,000 bbls/d. [2] In the early days, foreign oil companies dominated the oil and gas industry in Malaysia with Shell and Esso being the two major players. This was followed by several other foreign companies such as Conoco, Mobil, Aquitaine, Oceanic and Teiseki. The national company, Petronas came on to the scene in...
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...Gas Worlwide Environmet Economic Environmet. Macroeconomics. Dña. Susana Garcia Andión Dña. Iria Regueiro Espiñeira D. Ernesto Rodríguez Cuervo D. Cesar González Soto D. Damián Rodriguez Estévez 2012 GAS WORLWIDE ENVIRONMET 10/02/2012 INDEX. 1. Introduction. 2 2. Major world producers, exporters, importers and reserve holders. 3 * Producing Countries. * Exporting Countries. * Proved Reserves. * Importing Countries. 3. Leading players at “gas game”. 6 * Russia. * Qatar. * Saudi Arabia. * USA. * Turkmenistan. * China. * Canada. * Spain. 4. Largest companies. 8 * National Iranian Oil. * Saudi Arabian Oil. * Qatar General Petroleum Corporation. * Iraq National Oil Company. * Petroleos de Venezuela SA. * Gazprom Group. 5. Main pipelines. 11 6. Conclusion. 12 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 14 1. INTRODUCTION. Petrol is currently the “star” resource when analyzing world energy resources according to their relative weigh and its price’s impact on world economy. On the other hand, renewable energies tend to focus attention when innovation or sustainability is the main analysis factor. Maybe because these are most common approaches, we have consider that focusing on gas might be a pretty original one, once it was...
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...I am an in-house legal counsel with Trunkline Gas Company, LLC (Trunkline) which owns and operates a large diameter (26”) high pressure natural gas pipeline (Pipeline). The Pipeline crosses under the Leman Birk Newcomer Ditch located in Section 1, Township 35 North, Range 3 East, St. Joseph County, Indiana (County). Under the Natural Gas Act, Trunkline’s Pipeline is regulated by Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), and, for safety reasons, by federal regulations of the Department of Transportation (DOT) under the Natural Gas Pipeline Act. To avoid property damage or bodily injury, including death, safety requirements imposed by federal law require Trunkline to protect the Pipeline. The Pipeline became exposed at the bottom of the...
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