...Bangladesh Bangladesh is important to world energy markets because of its large potential natural gas reserves. Bangladesh's location near India, plus southeast Asia, also makes it a potentially important regional energy trading hub. Note: information contained in this report is the best available as of February 2002 and can change. GENERAL BACKGROUND Bangladesh has received more than $30 billion in disbursed grant aid and loans from foreign donors (including the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the U.N. Development Program, the United States, Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Western Europe) since its independence in 1971, but remains one of the poorest and most densely populated countries in the world. Bangladesh historically has run a large trade deficit, which it finances largely through foreign aid and remittances from the many Bangladeshi workers abroad (largely in the Persian Gulf region). Overall, foreign aid provides Bangladesh with around 40% of government revenues and 50% of foreign exchange. The World Trade Organization (WTO) has stated that Bangladesh's main problems include civil unrest and political instability, natural disasters, and inadequate infrastructure. Bangladesh is primarily agricultural (around two-thirds of the labor force and 35% of the gross domestic product -- GDP), although urbanization is proceeding rapidly. This heavy reliance on agriculture makes Bangladesh vulnerable to natural disasters such as cyclones, floods, and droughts, as well...
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...Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim International Islamic University Chittagong Department of ELL An assignment on Climate change and its effect on Bangladesh Course code: URBS-4802 Course title: Bangladesh Studies Prepared for: Mohammad Tawhidul Islam Lecturer Department of CEN-URC International Islamic University Chittagong Prepared by: Mohammad Sahidul Islam Matric no: N081025 Department of ELL International Islamic University Chittagong Date of submission: 21st January, 2012 Introduction: The coastal areas of Bangladesh are different from rest of the country because of their unique geo-physical characteristics and different socio-political consequences that often limit people’s access to endowed resources and perpetuate risk and vulnerabilities. Bangladesh’s coast is the biggest victim to natural disasters and highly affected by climate change with problems including salinity and water logging, soil erosion, flooding and cyclones. A dramatic increase in the level of interest and concern relating to the impact of “Climate Change” on Bangladesh is readily apparent. The consequential high level of visibility of this issue within Government, Civil Society and the international community...
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...Majumder THE concept that every nation might acknowledge the economic role of the environment in its income accounts is neither a hasty shift nor a quick practice; it has been under discussion globally since the 1960s. Unfortunately in Bangladesh the contribution of the environmental goods and services in the national economy has been ignored for a long time. In the changing circumstances of global climate it is high time that we wake up and recognize the contribution of the environment to sustain our economy. For a long time, conventional indicators like Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross National Product (GNP) and Net Domestic Product (NDP) were used around the world to construct national accounts and as a measure of the economic progress of a country and standard of living. However, these traditional measures of economic activity failed to be responsive because of the fact that economy cannot operate without the support of the natural environment. National accounts allow depreciation allowance for manufactured assets, while the contributions of environmental assets to economy are not valued and hence no depreciation allowance is made for these assets. Thus, in Bangladesh, omission of the degradation and depletion of the country's natural capital will lead to over estimation of the national income figures. Why we will change Governments all over the world develop economic data systems familiar as System of National Accounts (SNA) to calculate macroeconomic indicators like...
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...too much people have heard of and this is more realistic in the context of our country Bangladesh. Even we, when first assigned with this particular topic as our research project, did not have clear idea what ecotourism exactly was all about. Later, we studied in detail regarding the concept and got to what ecotourism actually is. Two topics that have attracted growing interest in anthropology in the past decade or two are tourism and the environment. Regarding tourism, increasingly people see vacations as a necessary corrective for what they perceive as a more and more stressful working life. Increasingly also, people see the environment as under threat from the profit‐seeking growth that drives corporations. Ecotourism can be broadly defined as an idea of leisure travel that has the object of enjoying features of what is seen as the natural environment in a way that has minimal negative consequences for the environment. Ecotourism is generally taken to include a sociocultural element, the intention of seeing and interacting with people (often identified as “indigenous”) whose customs and appearance seem exotic and attractive and doing so in a way that respects and benefits them. Bangladesh has lots of marvelous tourism spots but most of them are still unexplored by the relevant authority. Having all the minimum requirements, the tourism industry could not develop adequately in Bangladesh. The cracks of problem could not be identified accurately because of paucity of sufficient...
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...ASSIGNMENT ON Date of Submission: 06.08.11 INTRODUCTION This report of Country Environmental Analysis (CEA) aims to assess ADB’s future role and operational strategy in the environment sector and will also provide input to the Country Strategy and Action Plan (CSP). This CEA for 2005-2009 outlines the environmental issues that are most significant to the Bangladesh’s economy. It will also provide background information on the environmental constraints, needs and opportunities in Bangladesh. Over the given period of this strategy document, ADB will be working with the Government of Bangladesh (Gob) for the improvement of the environment sector, wherein this report may be a basis for actions and/or intervention. This work focuses on the aspects of understanding the important features of the Bangladesh environment that need to be essentially understood. The purpose of the report is to present the findings of a review done on the environment sector. The review considered the ongoing and past interventions, legal and policy regimes and finally outlined the outstanding issues facing the sector. Objectives of the study It is well established that the process of land use change leads to the alteration of existing environmental conditions of any area. The specific objectives of the study were: 1. To identify the existing land use pattern of the selected area; 2. To explore the prime causes of land use change and its Effects...
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...My Country – Bangladesh * Introduction : The name of my country is Bangladesh. It is one of the developing countries of the world. She has an area of about 1,48,393 square kilometers. The population of Bangladesh is about 16 crore. Bangladesh is surrounded by Indian territory on three sides and the Bay of Bengal is situated on the south. * Origin of Bangladesh : Bangladesh was not Independent before. The country gained freedom twice – once from Britain in 1947 as Pakistan and next from Pakistan on 16 December, 1971 after fighting a bloody fight for nine months. * Situation and Capital : Bangladesh is situated in the South East Asia continent. India and Myanmar are our neighbor countries. India is to the west, east and north. Myanmar is to the east-south corner of the country and the Bay of Bengal is to the south of the country. The capital of our country is Dhaka. * Climate and Seasons : The climate of Bangladesh is hot and humid. There are six seasons in Bangladesh. They are summer, rain, autumn, late autumn, winter and spring. The land of Bangladesh is plain and fertile. Plenty of crops and vegetables grow in the land. Rice is our main crop. Jute and tea are the main cash crops of Bangladesh. * Rivers : Bangladesh is a land of rivers. The Padma, the Meghna, the Jamuna, the Brahmaputra and the Karnafuli are the main rivers of Bangladesh. * Religion : Bangladesh is a multi religious country. People of different religions live here....
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...Mineral and Power Resources Introduction to Mineral Minerals are composed of inorganic particles. Minerals are found in the earth or are naturally occurring substances. They are found in rocks, and water. • Minerals are chemical substances. Some minerals like gold or silver are made of only one element. Other minerals, like quartz and calcite, are combinations of two or more elements. • Minerals always have the same chemical makeup. For example, quartz will always consist of one part silicon (an element) two parts oxygen (another element). Examples of Minerals Halite, pyrite, hematite, calcite, gold, silver, quartz, feldspar, mica, gypsum, ruby, diamond, topaz, graphite, corundum, fluorite, apatite, malachite, copper, garnet, talc, , sulfur, and roughly 4,000 other recognized minerals. The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make up 99 percent of all minerals on Earth. Questions for the students. Where are the minerals found? Power Resources Power or energy comes from different sources: solar, wind, hydroelectricity, nuclear energy, fossil fuel and so on. A society or civilization cannot survive for a moment without power or energy. So, sufficient energy is the basic foundation for the development of a nation. Daily needs, industries, transportation and communication and so on are governed by energy sufficiency. What is energy? The stored ability to perform work or produce heat comes in many forms-electric, mechanical...
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...Chapter 01: Introduction & Agribusiness Bangladesh has a first and foremost agrarian economy. It is the single largest producing sector of the economy of Bangladesh. Most of the Bangladeshi people are involved with agricultural activities. They earn their living by doing such activities. It includes about 30% of the country’s GDP. Near about 60% people of our country are involved with agricultural activities which prove that a large amount of labor force is doing such activities. It has a great impact on some major objectives, such as- employment generation, poverty alleviation, human resources development and food security. Agricultural holdings in Bangladesh are generally small. Through Cooperatives the use of modern machinery is gradually gaining popularity. Rice, Jute, Sugarcane, Potato, Pulses, Wheat, Tea and Tobacco are the principal crops. The crop sub-sector dominates the agriculture sector contributing about 72% of total production. Fisheries, livestock and forestry sub-sectors are 10.33%, 10.11% and 7.33% respectively. For a number of factors, Bangladesh's labor-intensive agriculture has achieved stable increases in food grain production in spite of the often hostile weather conditions. It contains better flood control and irrigation. Agricultural product of Bangladesh: Rice is the staple food of Bangladesh. The production of rice can be harvested 2 or 3 times a year. Wheat is also a valuable agricultural product of our country. However due to weather conditions...
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...Chapter Five Ecotourism and Green Productivity in Bangladesh Ruby Afroze Part B Selected Country Papers Introduction Bangladesh is a country of vast, largely unknown and unspoiled natural beauty and reserves, which are simply unique and fascinating. These natural phenomena are composed of hills and vales, forests, rivers, lakes, sea and beaches, and the evergreen landscape embracing the country. Bangladesh emerged as an independent country in 1971 after a nine-month war of liberation. It was previously called Bengal. The country, comprising an area of 144 000 km2, is situated in the northeastern side of the South Asia sub-continent. The topography is mainly flat alluvial plain, criss-crossed by the world’s three mighty river systems, the Padma (Ganges), the Jamuna and the Meghna and their innumerable tributaries. The east and the northeast of the country joins India, and the southeastern part, adjoining Myanmar, is mainly hilly with dense forest. This area comprises Chittagong and the three Hilly Districts (as they are known) of Rangamati, Bandarban and Khagrachari, with an average elevation of 610 m. These folded ranges run parallel to each other in the north–south direction and the hill slopes are generally enveloped by dense virgin forest. In the south and southwest, alongside the coast of the Bay of Bengal, lies the Sundarbans, better known as a swampy tropical mangrove forest, the home of the Royal Bengal Tiger. These areas are all ideal for...
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...February 20, 2014 To, Mr. Mohiuddin Chowdhury Lecturer Department of Finance & Banking University of Chittagong Subject: Prospects of banana fiber in Bangladesh Sir, It is our pleasure to submit an idea about “The prospects of banana filter fiber in Bangladesh” as a part of our B.B.A. Program. We tried our best to develop and design idea. Without your sincere co-operation and proper guideline, it would not be possible for us. For this act of kindness, we are grateful to you. This paper is not free from mistake due to some limitations. We hope you will accept it with gracious consideration. Thank you for giving us such an opportunity for working on this topic. It will be our pleasure to provide you any additional information, if necessary. Thank you, Sincerely yours, (On behalf of Group) Inzamam-Ul- Hoque Group member |No |Name |Id | |1 |Umme Nurin Ahmed |11303066 | |2 |Sharmin Akter |11303046 | |3 |Anika Jahan |11303118 | |4 |Jesmin Akter ...
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...BLUE ECONOMY """""""""""""""""""""" (A new opportunity for Bangladesh in the Bay) ---------------------------------------------------------- It was realised in the early days of independence that Bangladesh would need to explore and exploit the immense untapped natural resources of the sea as the land territory of Bangladesh covered only about 144, 000 square kilometers. Against this backdrop, bilateral talks to demarcate the maritime boundary commenced with India and Myanmar in 1974. But the talks remained stagnant for more than three decades. Under these circumstances, Bangladesh had to look for another way to resolve the maritime disputes with the two countries. On October 8, 2009, the AL government took a bold but a risky decision to seek justice under the arbitral settlement provisions of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of The Sea (UNCLOS). This avenue was open as all three countries -- Bangladesh, India and Myanmar -- had filed UNCLOS and hence were bound to act by the provisions of the Convention. The risk was that the judgment of the UN dispute machinery could go against Bangladesh unless there was a thorough preparation of Bangladesh's case and a team of international lawyers of repute could be put together to argue the case of Bangladesh before the arbitral tribunals. It was a 'legal gamble' for Bangladesh. Under the Convention, two methods of dispute-resolving mechanisms were available to the parties. Myanmar agreed to the jurisdiction of the Hamburg-based International...
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...The economy of Bangladesh is a rapidly developing market-based economy.[3] Its per capita income in 2010 was est. US$1,700 (adjusted by purchasing power parity). According to the International Monetary Fund, Bangladesh ranked as the 43rd largest economy in the world in 2010 in PPP terms and 57th largest in nominal terms, among the Next Eleven or N-11 of Goldman Sachs and D-8 economies, with a gross domestic product of US$269.3 billion in PPP terms and US$104.9 billion in nominal terms. The economy has grown at the rate of 6-7% p.a. over the past few years. More than half of the GDP belongs to the service sector, a major number of nearly half of Bangladeshis are employed in the agriculture sector, with RMG, textiles, leather, jute, fish, vegetables, leather and leather goods, ceramics, fruits as other important produce. Remittances from Bangladeshis working overseas, mainly in the Middle East is the major source of foreign exchange earnings; exports of garments and textiles are the other main sources of foreign exchange earning. Ship building and cane cultivation have become a major force of growth. GDP's rapid growth due to sound financial control and regulations have also contributed to its growth. However, foreign direct investment is yet to rise significantly. Bangladesh has made major strides in its human development index.[4] The land is devoted mainly to rice and jute cultivation as well as fruits and produce, although wheat production has increased in recent years; the...
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...Course: Bangladesh Studies (G201) Decadal Trend Analysis of ADP Sector: Oil, Gas and Natural Resources Submitted to: Sheikh Morshed Jahan Associate Professor Institute of Business Administration University of Dhaka Submitted by: Abdullah-Al-Rezwan ZR-80 Wasifa Rahnuma Islam RQ-84 Radiyah Mohammad Salim RQ-92 Tanveer Kabir ZR-102 Section B, BBA 18th Batch Date of Submission: March 11, 2012 INTRODUCTION ADP stands for Annual Development Program which is an organized list of projects in various sectors. The ADP is prepared on the basis of the year's development budget approved by the parliament. ADP consists of projects in different economic sectors and each ministry sets priorities to implement their own projects. There are two approaches for implementation development projects namely, program approach and project approach. But all ‘best practices’ are not fit everywhere. Many countries implement their development issues through projects and some countries implement this as ‘program approach’. In Bangladesh, we have both project and program approach to implement ADP. ADP has different projects which are executed by Ministries/Divisions/ Agencies. There are lots of activities that are proposed to be implemented by the authorities. The government has a practice of revising the ADP almost every year. In 2007 – 08, the government reduced 15% of ADP from Taka 26,500 crore to...
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...GE BANGLADESH Green Economy: A Revolution for Economic Movement in Bangladesh Review of Literature: Reaching in the 21st century, while the whole world is moving towards the merge of development, on the contrary deeply concerned about its sustainability as the way of this economy is traditional and hampered as well. The costs of fossil-fuel based brown economy on socio-economy and environment, known as the way of traditional, have been remarked all over the world. These concerned observations motive people to think of an alternative economic system which is called green economy or environment friendly economy. This thinking has been reflected in many literatures by many persons and organizations as follows: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), noted in 2008 “There is growing recognition that humanity faces a severe environmental emergency. Modern economies have been built on an unsustainable foundation. Activities ranging from agriculture and mining to manufacturing, services, and transportation rely on fossil fuels, generate copious amounts of pollution and waste, and undermine critical ecosystems, ecoservices, and life support while Green economy is one which ensures human and social wellbeing with reduced environmental risks and ecological scarcities.” In its simplest expression, a green economy can be thought of as one which is low carbon, resource efficient and socially inclusive. Practically speaking, a green economy is one whose growth in income and employment...
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...and species of all micro-organisms, plants, and animals that live on earth, including their genetic differences. Bangladesh is a (c ) transitional zone of flora and fauna, because of its geographical settings and climatic characteristics. There are many rivers and streams existing in the country covering a length of 22,155 km. In addition to the regular inland waters, seasonally a large part of the country remains (d) submerged for 3-4 months during monsoon. This country is rich in fish and aquatic (e) resources, and other biodiversity. Bangladesh’s inland water bodies are known to be the (f) habitat of 266 species of indigenous fish, 13 exotic fish, 56 prawns, about 26 freshwater molluscs, and 150 birds. The marine water bodies (200 nautical miles along the seashore) are also (g) remarkable for being habitat of 442 species of fish. There are at least 36 species of marine shrimps. About 336 species of molluscs, covering 151 genera have been identified from the Bay of Bengal. In addition, several species of crabs, and 31 species of turtles and tortoises, of which 24 live in freshwater, are found in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh only about 8-10 per cent of the land area is covered by tree. It supports approximately 5000 species of angiosperms, out of which about 300 species are being cultivated. The list of medicinal plants is currently being revised at the Bangladesh National Herbarium (BNH), and is expected to exceed 5000 species. There are 224 species of...
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