...Scope of Psychology - Natural Science or Social Science Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Sociology, and Psychology, are amongst the most important sciences on planet Earth. Based on their field of study these branches of science are broadly categorised as Natural and Social sciences. At first glance one can tell that Sociology is categorised as a Social Science and subjects like Physics and Chemistry are categorised under the Physical science category of Natural Sciences, whilst Biology is categorised under the Life Science category of Natural Sciences. To keep this essay as relevant as possible I shall only be focussing on the Life Science division of Natural Sciences. Like Botany and Zoology, Biology studies living organisms such as plants, animals and several microorganisms. On the contrary, being a Social Science, Sociology studies the working, functioning and the behaviour of society as a whole. So what about Psychology? Is it a Social Science or a Life Science. To get a clear idea we must first define Psychology. Psychology is the study of behaviour and mind, embracing all aspects of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought. To my utter disappointment, simply defining psychology will not resolve our dilemma, but it does give a clear idea of things. Psychology as a science is interested in what people think, what they feel and how they behave, the subject studies everything from the human brain to consciousness, memory and mental health ,whilst studying...
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...AISHATU .M. LAWAL 6TH April 2016 THE USE OF QUANTITATIVE KNOWLEDGE IN NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES. Natural and Environmental Science is a vast interdisciplinary study within Mathematics, Science and Mechanics which integrates physical, biological and information sciences to the study of the environment and the solutions to environmental issues. It developed during the insight from the areas of Medicine and Natural Antiquity. Quantitative reasoning is vital to the understanding of environmental processes. As mentioned earlier Environmental Science is an integration of different branches of science and in the area of Physics, Chemistry and even Biology. Mathematics is essential and plays a very important role in this discipline. In the biological and ecological aspect of environmental science, there is a subtopic known as the Carrying Capacity in an Ecosystem. Carrying capacity of a biological specie in an ecosystem is the maximum population size such specie can reach in that ecosystem and survive indefinitely with the necessities available. This is calculated by rationalizing the specie per square meter in a hectare of the ecosystem land. Mathematics is also used in environmental science in the aspect of solar and wind energy conversion, where the direct current is converted to alternating current. Also there are energy conversion rates which are as follows: The solar energy conversion rate is 1,800,000 (kcal/ m2/year). Ecosystem Efficiency = 0.012%, Energy...
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...Over the past thousands of years natural science has been the focal point of scientific research, drawing in the world’s greatest minds as they attempt to solve the most puzzling and intriguing of questions. One such mind is Newton, who’s simple observations of an apple falling from a tree led to the recognition of one of the most remarkable scientific breakthroughs of our millennium, gravity. However, another field of science has emerged in recent times, the field of the humanistic sciences. While natural sciences concentrate on chemistry, physics, and biology, human sciences surround history, economics, anthropology, and psychology. However, as these fields attempt to answer age-old questions concerning human behaviour, and the laws of the world, it is easy to wonder to what extent we can accept their discoveries as fact. Furthermore, what causes these scientific fields to be so intuitively appealing? Finally, as the majority of research performed in both fields relies on observation, to what extent can we trust observations utilizing sense perception? And what are the limitations of this trust in our human sense perception? Despite these several questions, the natural sciences serves a significantly more convincing field than human sciences, as more scientific research can be validated and accepted as truth. Furthermore, the human sciences relies almost solely off perception of past events, or behaviour, which can be contorted by bias, as well as several other limiting factors...
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...Are the natural sciences more reliable sources of knowledge than social sciences? To be able to determine the reliability of knowledge within the sciences, an understanding of what is meant when referring to knowledge is required as well as an understanding of how this knowledge is created. Knowledge has been defined in various ways, depending upon the context is to be used in. As Çakir (2012, p.665) defines it: “Knowledge is the communication between individuals who share decisions and actions”. When relating to the creation of “knowledge” within the sciences, this is the most fitting definition due to the method of study and peer review that allows information to be taken as truthful. This essay will look at some of the differences between the two branches of science, the different ways in which natural and social science discover new information through experimentation, the natural evolution of the sciences, and how dissension among members of the social sciences holds them back from creating reliable knowledge. The natural sciences have been the subject of study for over six hundred years, starting in the fourteenth century and progressing steadily throughout the years. The natural sciences set the foundations for inquiry and have previously gone through the trials and errors that the social sciences, having only been the subject of study for around two hundred and forty years, are currently going through. While the history of the of social sciences has been noted to have...
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...Assess the view that sociology should and can model itself on the natural sciences Natural sciences although they use objective methods to measure phenomenon they are also open to subjectivity; they include things like biology. Sayer suggests that in hard sciences like chemistry and physiology it is easy to measure objective facts. However, sociology can be compared to natural sciences such as meteorology where social phenomenon cannot be controlled in the same way. Therefore, sociology should and can model itself on natural sciences. Shapin argues that’s scientific investigation has dominated all forms of thinking from the 18th Century until recently when post modernists have begun to challenge its relevance. Giddens believes that the success of early sociology was a result of Weber, Durkheim, Merton and Parsons promoting it is a science. The postmodernists approach stresses that science has five key components that distinguish it from other forms of knowledge. One key component is that science is empirical this is where data can be obtained through the senses; secondly science is theoretical, this enables scientists to uncover casual relationships between phenomenon’s, thirdly science is objective meaning that it is factual and isn’t influenced by opinions, science can also be tested and retested to produce information that is reliable and lastly science is cumulative meaning that one piece of research can always be built upon. Sociology has placed itself in the scientific...
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...1. What are the elements that compose the Earth and give the percentage composition of each? The earth as a whole consists of the following elements and percentages: * * Iron – 32% * Oxygen – 30% * Silicon – 15% * Magnesium – 14% * Sulfur – 3% * Nickel – 2% * Calcium – 2% * Aluminium – 1% * Sodium – 3 (percent by weight) * Potassium – 2.5 (percent by weight) 2. What is mineral? Describe the six physical and two chemical properties used to identify minerals. Minerals are substances formed naturally in the Earth. They have a definite chemical composition and structure. Physical: The physical characteristics of minerals include traits that are use to identify and describe mineral species. * Cleavage is tendency of a crystalline mineral to break in certain directions yielding more or less smooth planar surfaces. These planes of lowest bond energy have minimum value of cohesion. An amorphous body of course has no cleavage. * Parting is obtained when the mineral is subjected to external force. The mineral breaks along planes of structural weakness. The weakness may result from pressure and twinning. Parting resembles cleavage. * Hardness. It is mineral's "scratchability". It is related to the attraction force between atoms. The degree of hardness is determined by observing comparatively the relative ease or difficulty with which one mineral is scratched by another, or by a finger nail, file or knife. * Diapheneity...
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...INTRODUCTION It is said that we are living a fast paced world and if you are a hard working person then you have probably missed a few meals during your lifetime for sure. Food is any substance[1] consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. It is usually of plant or animal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, orminerals. The substance is ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organism's cells in an effort to produce energy, maintain life, and/or stimulate growth. Historically, people secured food through two methods: hunting and gathering, and agriculture. Today, most of the food energy consumed by the world population is supplied by the food industry, which is operated by multinational corporations that use intensive farming and industrial agricultureto maximize system output. Food safety and food security are monitored by agencies like the International Association for Food Protection, World Resources Institute, World Food Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization, and International Food Information Council. They address issues such as sustainability, biological diversity, climate change, nutritional economics, population growth, water supply, and access to food. In this research paper, the harmful chemicals found in “ instant ” and “ processed “ food will be discuss. This is a brief meaning of the two: Instant food- Our diverse range of instant food items also includes a wide variety of eatables...
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...When I noticed this trait in young children, I had an epiphany that if our global society followed this childish outlook on the world, the world and the education system wouldn’t be the same. I will elaborate upon two possible perspectives towards this question; either you believe that disagreement does aid the pursuit of knowledge or you believe that it doesn’t. I will demonstrate both perspectives by analyzing how the roles of logic and emotion help gain new knowledge in the sciences. Ideally the role of logic is applied towards the natural sciences, and the human sciences use emotion as a way of knowing. I believe that disagreement in the natural and human sciences opens up the opportunity to question what has been asserted, in order to ameliorate our current Truths, but there are cases where this same disagreement rather hinders the pursuit of an “underlying truth”. The first perspective agrees with the statement above, that disagreement aids the pursuit of knowledge in the natural and human sciences. The...
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...| | | | | Ice Melting Experiment and Analysis | INT1 Natural Science Task 3 | Ice Melting Experiment and Analysis ------------------------------------------------- Objective The objective of this experiment is to test the melting point of ice against different variables. I will use a control of ice against air and test this next to ice in water, sugar on ice, salt on ice and Baking Soda on ice. By measuring the melting time of each element on an ice cube I will be able to tell which element affects ice’s melting properties at what rate. Everyday we use chemical mixtures to melt ice that affects our roadways. A lot of these chemical mixtures are harmful to our waterways, and can pollute the environment. I believe its important to look for alternatives that can both help our roads from freezing in the winter while being kind to the environment. Industry Literature Review There are many different chemicals used in commercial ice melters that are made for our roads. Commercial companies tend to test for what elements melt ice the fastest, thus, producing a “best working” product. It is the pressure from consumers that encourages companies to test for possible harmful effects on the environment by these products, and what is most environmentally friendly. Ossain Inc. serves customers word wide with products designed around different needs for the type of ice melter needed. Their opinion on the ice melting industry is that the majority of ice melting...
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...Does Warmer External Temperature Translate Into Further Distance in an Electric Rickshaw By. Stephon Glover Target Problem Electric Rickshaw’s are a common form of transportation in throughout Asia. There are no manufacturer recommendations with regard to temperature and distance. Problem Statement: The use of Rickshaw’s in Beijing is invaluable. They are used as small vehicles for families, as taxis for 1 or 2 people, and as a means of getting around smaller districts of the megacity. There is a noticeable drop in not only distance but also torque when temperatures drop below 15 degrees Celsius. The following experiment will address the issue of temperature variation and the effect it has on the speed and distance travelled of an electric Rickshaw. The results of this study can be used in the design of electric battery storage and insulation. Literature Review There are numerous tips to improve electric vehicle performance, namely altering the way the vehicle is used. There is little language in the way of battery insulation, which will be the method used in this experiment. Of note, SAE International (2011) concluded that tested energy consumption varies based on driving ability and duties performed by the vehicle, such as heating and advanced audio systems. Electric vehicle performance is dictated not just by temperature, but deteriorates substantially based off of nonessential features. Official reports on the charging and battery efficiency of...
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...in Public Speaking (#) GEC 104 3 3 NATURAL WORLD at least 1 course from each box, 7-9 total credit hours 2 different course codes, at least 1 with a lab Life Sciences (3-4 credit hours) BIO 100* Biological Sciences for Educators (lab) BIO 101 Biology in Your World BIO 111* Understanding Bio Sys Through Inq. (lab only) BIO 121* General Biology I (lab) BMS 100 Concepts & Issues in the Life Sciences BMS 105 Concepts & Lab in the Life Sciences (lab) BMS 110* Intro to Biomedical Sciences (lab) BMS 111* Intro to Lab in Biomedical Sci (lab only) GLG 115 Life of the Past Physical Sciences (3-5 credit hours) AST 113 Modern Astronomy AST 114 Survey of Astronomy AST 115 Basic Astronomy (lab) CHM 107 Chemistry for the Citizen CHM 108* Chemistry for the Citizen Lab CHM 116* Fundamentals of Chemistry CHM 117* Fundamentals of Chemistry Lab GLG 110 Principles of Geology (lab) GLG 171 Environmental Geology GRY 135 Principles of Weather & Climate (lab) GRY 142 Introductory Physical Geography (lab) PHY 100 Survey of Physics (lab) PHY 101* Physics by Inquiry for Educators (lab) PHY 123* Introduction to Physics I (lab) PHY 203* Foundations of Physics I (lab) 4(3-3) 3(3-0) 1(0-2) 4(3-3) 4(4-0) 4(3-2) 4(3-2) 1(0-2) 3(3-0) 3(3-0) 4(4-0) 4(3-2) 3(3-0) 1(0-2) 4(4-0) 1(0-2) 4(3-2) 3(3-0) 4(3-2) 4(3-2) 4(3-2) 4(2-6) 4(3-2) 5(4-2) GEC 107 (no lab) GEC 106 (lab) HUMAN CULTURES 4 different course codes from these boxes Social & Behavioral Sciences (choose two, 6 credit hours) AGR 100 Food Security...
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...“Physical Science Department Policy for Online Exams” To protect the “Academic Integrity” of the Physical Sciences Courses the following guidelines for testing have been adopted by the Physical Science Department: All exams for CHEM, GEOL, SCIE, and PHYS web based courses must be taken online with the lockdown browser at the times and locations designated by the instructor. All final exams for CHEM, GEOL, SCIE, and PHYS web based courses must be taken face-to-face at the times and locations designated by the instructor. You should attend all tests with your instructor. Under extreme circumstances, the instructor MAY allow the use of a proctor on a very limited basis, and with the following rules. o You, the student, must locate a suitable proctor. You should check with the nearest college campus for a proctor first. Any proctor that requires payment must be paid at your own expense. o The proctor must have the ability to either (scan and e-mail) or (fax and mail) your completed exams within 24-48 hours of the exam. o The proctor you choose should contact the instructor within the first week of class. o The instructor has the right to reject your choice of proctor. o If you miss a test with the proctor, the instructor has the right to suspend the use of a proctor and you must take your remaining exams face-to-face. o NO MAKEUP exams will be given. o Proctored exams must be taken on the dates assigned...
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...Communications EGL 101, EGL 102, SPE 103 (All 3 Courses) Area B-Mathematics MAT 140(Core), and MAT 143 or, MAT 180 OR MAT 250 (2 Courses) Area C- Science One course from life science w/lab and one course from Physical Science (2 Courses) Area D- Social and Behavioral Sciences ECO 201 and ECO 202 One more class of choice from list (3 courses) Area E- Humanities and Fine arts Class of your choice from list (3 courses) Area F-Contemporary Global Studies Class of your choice from list (1 course) Total must add to approx. 40 Credits Electives- ANY OF YOUR CHOICE BUT THESE ARE RECOMNEDED FOR BACHELORS Accounting- ACC 153 and ACC 154 Business- BUS 101 and BUS 221 or BUS 225 Computer Science- CIS 101 or another accepted by University Mathematics- MAT 190 Total must add up to approx. 20 Credits Total to graduate min. 60 credits List of classes I still need that I can take from Core List Area C Life Sciences BIO 101 Intro to life Science w/lab, or BIO 104 w/o lab Human genetics Physical Sciences CHM 101 Intro to General Chemistry (preq. MAT 070 OR 114) or CHM 105 Elements of chemistry (same Preq.) PHY 115 w/o lab Descriptive astronomy, PHY 131 college Physics (Preq. MAT 122 or currently enrolled in MAT 122) or PHY 221 General Physics (Preq. MAT 250 with C or better) EAS 100 Intro Earth Science, EAS 101 Physical Geology, EAS 105 w/o lab Intro Weather and Climate or EAS 121 w/o Physical Geography Area E- Classes with bullet points will apply...
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...CURRICULUM IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL, and EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY CONCENTRATION YEAR: 2013 / 2014 YEAR ENTERED SLU: NAME: W# MAJOR HOURS (41) C or Better3 Core Requirements (21 hrs) GBIO 151 3 BIOL 152 1 GBIO 153 3 BIOL 154 1 MIC 205 3 MICL 207 1 3 GBIO 200 3 3 GBIO 312 3 GBIO 241 _____ 1______ GBIO 341______1______ GBIO 441** 1 Upper-level Courses (20 hrs) page 2 ______ ______ 1 2 MATHEMATICS (9) MATH 161 3 MATH 162 3 MATH 163 3 1,3 SOCIAL SCIENCES (6) (Anth, Econ,Geog, Psyc, Poli, Soc) ________________3_________ ________________3_________ or 1MATH 165 and 200 (8) MATH 165 3 MATH 200 5 PHYSICS (8) PHYS 191 PLAB 193 PHYS 192 PLAB 194 ENGLISH (12) ENGL 101 3 or 121H ENGL 102 or 122H 3 ENGL 230 or 231 or 232 3 ENGL 322 3 3 1 3 1 ______ ______ CHEMISTRY (16) CHEM 121 3 CLAB 123 1 CHEM 122 3 CLAB 124 1 CHEM 265 or 261 ___3____ CLAB 267 or 263 ___1_____ CHEM 266 or 281 ___3 CLAB 268 or 283 ___1_______ 3 OTHER (12) FOR. LANGUAGES (12) 101 3 102 3 201 3 202 3 ELECTIVES (4) _____________________ ART ELECTIVE (Mus,Art,Dnc,Thea) 3 LS 102 1 COMM211 3 HIST 3 SE 101 2 SE 101 is not required of transfer or readmitted students with 30 hrs or more. These students are required to take two additional hrs of electvies (i.e., 6 hrs instead of 4 hrs). TOTAL HOURS 120 NOTES: 1Students with Math...
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...Science[nb 1] is a systematic enterprise that creates, builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.[nb 2][2]:58 Contemporary science is typically subdivided into the natural sciences which study the material world, the social sciences which study people and societies, and the formal sciences like mathematics. The formal sciences are often excluded as they do not depend on empirical observations.[3] Disciplines which use science like engineering and medicine may also be considered to be applied sciences.[4] During the middle ages in the Middle East, foundations for the scientific method were laid by Alhazen.[5][6][7] From classical antiquity through the 19th century, science as a type of knowledge was more closely linked to philosophy than it is now and, in fact, in the West the term "natural philosophy" encompassed fields of study that are today associated with science, such as physics, astronomy and medicine.[8]:3[nb 3] In the 17th and 18th centuries scientists increasingly sought to formulate knowledge in terms of laws of nature. Over the course of the 19th century, the word "science" became increasingly associated with the scientific method itself, as a disciplined way to study the natural world. It was in the 19th century that scientific disciplines such as physics, chemistry, and biology reached their modern shapes. The same time period also included the origin of the terms "scientist" and "scientific community...
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