...Complementary essay on Bariatric Surgery Week 7 Adil Khan English 112: Composition Professor Robert Zancy Devry University In a world where fast food is preferred over home cooked meals, due to convenient drive-through lanes, obesity has become an epidemic throughout America. According to the Mayo Clinic “Almost two-thirds of Americans are classified as overweight, obese, or extremely (morbidly) obese and these numbers are expected to increase.”(Curry, 2003) Obesity is basically the buildup of body fat, which usually is around 20% or more over the ideal body weight. The division of medicine that treats and manages of obesity is known as bariatrics. Obesity has become a key health problem in the United States, therefore Gastric Bypass surgery has become a significant therapeutic option because of its documented efficiency in causing significant weight loss with a consequent improvement in comorbid conditions such as coronary artery disease, hypertension and diabetes. Bariatric surgery is a very invasive medical procedure that can causes dramatic weight loss which is accomplished by decreasing the size of the stomach with a gastric band or by removing a portion of the stomach itself. Weight loss surgery is the most effective and sustainable treatment option for the morbidly obesity as long as the individual is motivated to make the lifestyle changes required (Madura, 2012). Currently, bariatric surgery is the one obtainable treatment for morbidly obese individuals that consistently...
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...am I speaking of, Obesity. It effects approximately 14.5 million people in the United States. (Holtorf, Rinde, Rupprecht, Alder and Brixner, 2012) There are different processes or procedures to weight loss, some more effective than others. One in particular is increasing in popularity is bariatric surgery. Research suggests that bariatric surgery is effective because it improves patients’ health, procduces greater income/less discrimination in the job market, and improves quality of life. Bariatric surgery improves patients’ health by reducing or totally eliminating medical conditions brought on by severe obesity. With obesity on the rise, it is important to know and understand your Body Mass Index (BMI). A person with a BMI of 30 or more is considered obese, and a person with a BMI of 40 or more is considered to be morbidly obese. Studies show that 67% of the population variance in BMI and be from heredity, but it is unlikely that is causing the rapid growth of obesity. (DeMaria, 2007) During a study, the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) trial, a comparison was made between one group (men with a BMI of 34 or greater and women with a BMI of 38 or greater) and another group (controlled subects with 18 different variables including age, sex, weight), the surgical weight loss process was more significant. The BMI was lowered from 50 to 32.6 during a 2 year follow-up. ((DeMaria, 2007) A healthy BMI of...
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...Weights VS Cardio: Which is more effective? A war has broken out among athletes and health professionals worldwide. That war, is speed or resistance. For years the go to workout style for health improvement has been aerobic workouts, commonly referred too as cardio. Now new evidence has surfaced that is proving how resistance training or weight training is more beneficial for you. While this issue does not affect professional athletes who specially train for their sport, it does affect your average joe who just wants to become healthier. Weightlifting and strength conditioning, will always yield a better result in terms of your health. Now of course exercising is usually based on an individual’s goals or needs. There may also be limitations...
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...Diet/Exercise vs. Diet Pills Krystal Chancey There are many ways concerning losing weight nowadays with so many new things out on the market. With no right or wrong way of doing this you have to find one that works with your daily routine and lifestyle, whether it is on Weight Watcher, Jenny Craig, diet pills, surgeries, or with diet and exercise or any other one of the methods out there. Instead of using diet pills that only work when a person is taking them, the healthiest and safest way to lose weight is with diet and exercise. The most important thing is how these things can make life healthier for anyone who wants to lose weight. When trying to lose weight on diet plans and pills can be very pricey when there are other people around to help you. One main thing when concerning these two is the cost of them. Diet and exercise is something anyone can do that is less costly than if you were to purchase diet pills every month. You can change your diet and find healthier food for you to eat instead of sugar and carbohydrates which aren’t good for you. Also starting a daily exercise routine that doesn’t cost a thing if you are doing it at home will make your mind and body feel and act so much better. When concerning diet pills they can be very costly without knowing if they’re going to work or not. It can end up costing you an arm and a leg buying diet pills every month. Spending all of this money on something...
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...disorder in which immune system creates antibodies that damages the thyroid gland causing inflammation of the thyroid gland leading to gradual destruction leading to inadequate production of the thyroid hormones the body needs (hypothyroidism) • Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (PGA I) – Hashimoto’s w/ hypoparathyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, and fungal infections of mouth and nails • Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (PGA II)- Hashimoto’s w/ adrenal insufficiency and type I diabetes Clinical Manifestations Depends on severity of hormone deficiency – are those of an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) • NONE • Intolerance to cold • Weight gain-occurring infrequently & rarely more than 10-20 lbs, mostly fluid • Fatigue • Constipation • Enlarged neck or presence of goiter • Pale, dry skin • Hair loss • Heavy and irregular menses • Difficulty concentrating or thinking • Pain and stiffness in joints, swelling in knees or small joints in hands & feet • Muscle aches, tenderness, and stiffness-especially in shoulders & hips Hashimoto’s Disease WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW Signs & Symptoms – con’t • Facial swelling/moon face • Hoarse voice • Elevated blood cholesterol level • Muscle weakness, especially in lower extremities Causes • Cause is unknown...
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...Final Exam Study Guide Important to Know the function of anterior and posterior pituitary gland. Anterior Pituitary Gland: (Adenohypophysis) The anterior pituitary gland regulates several physiological processes including stress, growth, reproduction and lactation (Adrenal, liver, bone, thryroid and gonads). -It is regulated by negative feedback and the hypothalamus. Major hormones: ACTH: Stimulates the adrenal cortex. TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone, promotes secretion of thyroid hormone. FSH: Follicle-stimulating hormone, promotes growth of reproductive system. LH: Luteinizing hormone. Promotes sex hormone production GH: Growth hormone, promotes growth, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. PRL: Prolactin, Milk production and progesterone/estrogen. -Hormones are secreted from the hypothalamus to the A. Pituitary so these hormones can be released. Posterior Pituitary Gland: Mainly axons extended from the hypothalamus. These axons contain and release neurohypophysial hormones oxytocin and vasopressin. Oxytocin: Targets the uterus, and mammary glands causing contractions and lactation. Vasopressin (ADH): Antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin, argipressin. Stimulates water retention absorbs it back into blood causing raises blood pressure by contracting arterioles, and inducing male aggression. Very Important to know and understand Diabetic Ketoacidosis Pathophysiology: -In DKA, the lack of insulin prevents glucose from being utilized by the tissues...
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...sphincter. Special Indications – anorexia, orofacial fractures, head and neck cancer, neurologic or psychiatric conditions that prevent oral intake, extensive burns and those who are receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Procedure for tube feeding 1. Patient position – 30-45 degrees position. Head remain elevated for 30-60 mins 2. Patency of tube – Tube should be irrigated with water before and after each feeing to ensure patency. 3. Tube Position – Placement of tube is checked before each feeing or every 8 hours with continuous feeings. Checking methods; aspiration and pH. 4. Formula 5. Administration of feeding – feeing are given either by gravity drip method or by feeding pump. 6. General Nursing Considerations – daily weight, accurate I’s and O’s. Blood glucose check. Complication Related To tube and feeding - Vomiting and or Aspiration - Diarrhea - Constipation - Dehydration ---------------------------------------- Central PN – is indicated when long term parenteral support is necessary or when the patient has high protein and caloric requirements. Peripheral PN – is used when; - nutritional support is needed for only a short time - protein and caloric requirement are not high. - The risk of a CPN is...
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...1) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using BMI to assess weight classification? Advantages -It is simple, quick, effective and can be used by adult, women and children -Quickly assess weight -Provides a range of different “normal” weight classes based on body structure Disadvantages -Not a good measure of body fat to muscular weight ratio, this makes very muscular people seem “overweight” and many underweight people to seem “healthy” -Not suitable for pregnant women or very short people 2) Identify two common body fat distribution patterns. Discuss the role that body fat plays in disease risk. 1.The Apple- people with more upper body fat run the risk of becoming obese due to the build up of fat around the abdominals. 2.The Pear- people with more, lower body fat run the risk of mechanical problems such as knee and joint pains. 3) Discuss five techniques to measure body composition. List advantage and disadvantages of each. 1.Skin fold measurement Advantage: are easy and inexpensive Disadvantage: are only as good as the hand that’s doing it 2.Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Advantage: Measure bone bone mineral, fat, and lean mass giving you a better body fat estimate. Disadvantage: Expensive, require a prescription and aren’t good for obese people. 3.Hydrostatic Weighing Advantage: Allows technician to assess total body volume and density and determine a reliable estimated body fat %. Disadvantage: Since this test requires special equipment...
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... 2 For my person of culture I interviewed Z.R. who is originally from Manila, Philippines. Z.R. is my Mother-‐In-‐Law and my friend and she has lived here for over 35 years. Z.R. told me that when she first moved here she could not eat anything, she said it made her very sick and she lost a lot of weight during those first few months. Then she finally found an Asian food market and found things that she could eat. Z.R. is presently 72 years of age, height is 5 ft 1 in, she weighs 115 lbs and her weight does not fluctuate. In the interview her 24 hour diet goes as follows; Breakfast -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ Lunch -‐ -‐ -‐ Approximately ½ cup brown rice 5 oz...
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... * Dysfunction: weak, tired, fatigue, lethargic * Metabolism of fats * Dysfunction: atherosclerosis/ N&V * Production of bile: helps metabolize fats * Synthesis of blood clotting factors * Dysfunction: increased risk for bleeding * Blood storage: holds 400 ml – loss of blood and will put into system * Filters blood: decrease infections – remove bacteria from system * Metabolism of medications * Dysfunction: can’t metabolize and get hepatotoxicity * Hepatitis A * Transmission: Fecal-oral route * Wash veggies b/c migrant workers use fields as bathrooms * Occurrence * Poor hygiene * Improper handling of food * Poor sanitation * Foods or water in third world country * Risk Factors * Close personal contact/ handling feces contaminated waste * Animal workers/handlers from endemic areas * Handling food * Day care center workers * Seafood – clams & muscles * Natural Course * Does not progress to chronic state * Symptoms resolve on their own * Treatment : None * Vaccine * International travelers * Military personnel * High risk individuals * Peace core Hepatitis B and C * Transmission ...
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...Study Guide for 301 Chapter 1 Development - the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span. Life Span perspective = views development as lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual and as a process that involves growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss. Life expectancy – the average # of years that a person born in a particular year can expect to live Multidimensional – for example can include attention, memory, abstract thinking and speed of processing information and social intelligence. Plastic – means the capacity for change; for example can you still improve your intellectual skills when you are in your 60’s or 70’s. Or may they be fixed by your 30’s Contextual – contexts include families, schools, peer groups, churches, cities, neighborhoods. Each is influenced by historical, economic, social and cultural factors. Normative age- graded influences- are similar for individuals in a particular age group Puberty Menopause Starting kindergarten Normative history-graded influences- are common to people of a particular generation because of historical circumstances. Living time during a historical event WWII, cold War, great depression, 9/11, The Great Depression Non-normative life events - Individual events that happen to people. Kindergarten parents died Hurricane Katrina, car wreck, young kid has a stroke. Development Stages Prenatal (conception – birth)...
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...most women do not show signs of this disease, and are not aware they have this disease until it reaches the more advance stages. Many women have symptoms of ovarian cancer but they are misdiagnosed and unfortunately find out they have this disease in later stages. Advanced stages of ovarian cancer can cause women to lose hope as they face a reoccurrence. Ann at Lymphoma Club believes “For those facing relapses, sometimes it takes a little more “fight” to win the war against cancer. Never give up on yourself and never give up hope”. Women who learn they have ovarian cancer will have to learn about the different stages of ovarian cancer and what stage they fit in, what their treatment options are and how to cope with this disease. Debulking surgery with intraperitoneal chemotherapy is the choice for most doctors to use on patients with advanced stages of ovarian cancer. Advance stages of ovarian cancers have many controversial treatments such as neoadjuvent chemotherapy but debulking with intraperitoneal chemotherapy may prove better suited to save lives. Doctors are unsure of what causes ovarian cancer but they have concluded there are several risk factors which include obesity, age, smoking, family history...
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...Metabical After spending millions of dollars for ten years in research and development, Metabical was finally able to receive FDA approval, making it the first and only drug to receive FDA approval to meet the needs of customers who have been trying to lose weight. Like with any other new product, numerous issues need to be considered before Metabical is actually introduced in the market. Decisions about pricing, packaging and demand forecast of the product are key to the success of Metabical. Barbara Printup, senior director of marketing for CSP, needs to analyze the market critically in order to decide the pricing and packaging strategy and forecast the demand for the product before it is launched. The demand forecast and the pricing and packaging strategies all plays a significant role in determining the long-term success of Metabical because the drug market is intensely competitive and only those products which are marketed with innovative strategies can survive in the market. Packaging decision is the first thing that needs to be taken care of. Since FDA trials showed that most of the people were able to achieve their weight loss goals by week twelve, the drug would be approved as a twelve- week treatment plan. The major issue that Printup needs to consider is the number of pills that would be included in each pack. Packing the entire twelve- week supply in one package does sound like a good plan but CSP should not forget that packaging plan directly ties in with the...
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...PERSONALITY Psychoanalytic Freud’s psychosexual theory Structure: id (pleasure principle), ego (reality principle), superego (morals, ideals) Levels of awareness: conscious, preconscious, unconscious Development: oral, anal, phallic (Oedipal complex, penis envy), latency, genital Fixations Defense mechanisms - reduce anxiety Repression (primary) Regression Reaction formation Rationalization Displacement Sublimation Projection Denial Neo-Freudians Adler—social, not sexual tensions * Birth order, inferiority complex Horney—rejected penis envy idea Carl Jung—collective unconscious Assessment Projective tests Rorschach TAT - Thematic Apperception Test Draw-a-person Sentence completion Evaluation: * Repression often not shown (vivid memory often results after trauma) * Terror management theory Social-cognitive Reciprocal determinism—interplay of Personal factors/internal cognition Behavior Environment Personal control (Julian Rotter) External locus of control Internal locus of control *Without internal locus, learned helplessness results Explanatory style (Martin Seligman) Optimistic Unstable, specific, external Pessimistic Stable, global, internal Bandura Personality influenced by observational learning, outside influences (Bobo doll study) Self-efficacy (belief in ability to do things that lead to positive outcomes) Humanism Maslow—self-actualization Hierarchy of needs * Safety—security—love—selfesteem—self-actualization Carl Rogers—person-centered Genuineness Unconditional...
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...the contents of the document.] | Sleep could very well be the most important aspect of a healthy life. Not only physical health, but mental, and emotional as well. Without sleep it is hard to manage life day to day. Everyone knows that sleep is the most important thing for a healthy body because sleep is the time to relax. When someone is sleeping they do not have to think about life’s problems. The nature of today’s world hinders the opportunity for good sleep habits. Multiple studies have shown direct relationships between work hours and total sleep time. The more time a person spends working means less time they have to sleep. This proves how today’s world inhibits people of quality sleep (Swanson, et al., 2001.). Sleep is worth its weight in gold times ten. With immense exploration and study of sleep, new statistics and ways of assessing peoples sleeping habits have been fabricated. Sleeping Disorders come in all different shapes and forms. There are many factors that can cause these disorders that some people are born with, and other people get through some environmental factor. The four most prevalent disorders that people have are Insomnia, Narcolepsy, Sleep Apnea, and Night Terrors. All of these disorders have similar aspects about each other but each one is its own war against the body. These disorders will be uncovered, described, and assessed. All the factors that play a role in causing one of these disorders will be talked about. After explaining the implications...
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