Pediatrics

Ductus arteriosus: shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the lungs

Foramen ovale: shunts blood from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the right ventricle and pulmonary vasculature

Gravida: # of previous pregnancies
Para: # of previous births

Erythroblastosis Fetalis- Hemolytic disease of the newborn resulting from fetal-maternal Rh incompatibility

Apgar Scoring- Assessment of newborn well-being. The higher the score, the healthier the baby.

Silverman Scoring- An index of respiratory distress. The lower the Silverman score, the healthier the child

Choanal Atresia- obstruction of the nasal airway; can be caused by unilateral or bilateral membraneous or bony occlusion. Diagnosis can be confirmed by the inability to pass a catheter through the nares, by cessation of air movement when the mouth is held closed, and by X-ray.

Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Neonate (PPHN)- ADA Persistent Fetal Circulation (PFC) - characterized by pulmonary vasoconstriction which results in high pulmonary vascular resistance; this pulmonary hypertension in turn keeps open (or reopens) the fetal cardiac shunts (the foramen ovale and/or the ductus arteriosis). The end result is right-to-left shunting and hypoxemia. Nitric Oxide therapy new treatment for PPHN.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)- BDP is applied to those infants who require mechanical ventilation during their first week of life, who remain dependent on supplemental O2 for more than 28 day, and who have characteristic areas fo increased density on their CXR 1. The Stages of BPD- (identified by CXR) a. Stage I-Indistinguishable from RDS, including diffuse alveolar atelectasis, formation of hyaline membranes, etc. “Ground Glass” appearance b. Stage II-Increase opacification or “white out” of the lungs on X-ray