...Chemical Process Diagrams Chapter 1 Department of Chemical Engineering West Virginia University From Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Processes, Fourth Edition, by Richard Turton, Richard C. Bailie, Wallace B. Whiting, Joseph Shaeiwitz, and Debangsu Bhattacharyya (ISBN-13: 978-0-13-261812-0) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 3 Levels of Diagram • Block Flow Diagram (BFD) • Process Flow Diagram (PFD) • Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) – often referred to as Mechanical Flow Diagram Complexity Conceptual increases understanding Increases As chemical engineers, we are most familiar with BFD and PFD. From Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Processes, Fourth Edition, by Richard Turton, Richard C. Bailie, Wallace B. Whiting, Joseph Shaeiwitz, and Debangsu Bhattacharyya (ISBN-13: 978-0-13-261812-0) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 1 The Block Flow Diagram (BFD) • BFD shows overall processing picture of a chemical complex – Flow of raw materials and products may be included on a BFD – BFD is a superficial view of facility – ChE information is missing From Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Processes, Fourth Edition, by Richard Turton, Richard C. Bailie, Wallace B. Whiting, Joseph Shaeiwitz, and Debangsu Bhattacharyya (ISBN-13: 978-0-13-261812-0) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 3 Definitions of BFD • Block Flow...
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...Analyzing Processes Process Diagram: (e.g. Producing Contact Lenses) hold Data information flow Other Common Process Measures • Cycle time – Average time between completion of successive units by the process – Reciprocal of throughput rate Process Layout of a Medical Center – Capacity Analysis Patient Type A B C D Total Patient Mix Wait Area X-ray 0.4 1 1 0.3 1 0.2 1 1 0.1 1 1 1 0.7 1000 400 571 Department Orthopedic Cardinology Neurology Intensive care 1 1 1 1 1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 250 625 500 1667 300 1500 600 1500 add value Utilization = Load Factor = Actual Output Rate Maximum Throughput Demand Rate Capacity Dept. capacity Four General Categories of Production Processes 1. 2. 3. 4. Continuous Flow Process Line Process Batch Process Job Shop Max. # of total 1000 patients arrived before reaching cap. Variability: Classic Queuing arrival rate () in customers/hour • service rate () in customers/hour (avg. time for one customer = 1/) • # servers = s Therefore, capacity = _s*_ • Physics of Queues: M/M/1 system Performance Measures: Utilization: Average time in system = /( Average number in system = /( Average time in line = 1/( Average number in line = 1/( Probability of no waiting = 1 – Process Choice at King Soopers Bakery • Bread process – Flow process – High volume – Difficult and expensive to change capacity Servers (s) customers/hr./server arrivals ( customers/hr.) departures...
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...Using a process flow diagram, cost analysis of purchasing new equipment, and improving scheduling will not only increase the plant’s capacity—it will also eliminate overtime costs leading to savings for growers. NCC operates as a service industry therefore we used peak numbers (10% higher level of berries - over the average production in 1994 and 1995) to ensure our process would eliminate bottlenecks even during periods of high production. Using a process flow diagram, cost analysis of purchasing new equipment, and improving scheduling will not only increase the plant’s capacity—it will also eliminate overtime costs leading to savings for growers. NCC operates as a service industry therefore we used peak numbers (10% higher level of berries - over the average production in 1994 and 1995) to ensure our process would eliminate bottlenecks even during periods of high production. Using a process flow diagram, cost analysis of purchasing new equipment, and improving scheduling will not only increase the plant’s capacity—it will also eliminate overtime costs leading to savings for growers. NCC operates as a service industry therefore we used peak numbers (10% higher level of berries - over the average production in 1994 and 1995) to ensure our process would eliminate bottlenecks even during periods of high production. Using a process flow diagram, cost analysis of purchasing new equipment, and improving scheduling will not only increase the plant’s capacity—it will also eliminate overtime...
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...1. Develop a process flow diagram for processing cranberries (both wet and dry). Show the capacities at the different stages. No Yes 5 Dumpsters 3000 bbls/hr 4000 bbls 1200 bbls 2000 bbls 3 units 4500 bbls/hr Dry 3 units Wet 4500 bbls/hr 3 units 450 to 600 bbls/hr 1200 bbls/hr Term Papers and Free Essays 3 units 4 units 2 units 667 bbls/hr 800 bbls/hr 2000 bbls/hr 2. What are the sources of variability affecting NCC's operations? NCC is influenced by a number of possible variables. As mentioned the in the case, the trucks arrive to the Receiving Pant 1 randomly. In harvest-season day, the growers pick and transit berries to NCC randomly. As the number of berries being collected per day varies, the number of trucks that come to plant to dump them varies as well. The ratio of wet to dry harvested berries received significantly influences the whole operating cycle as the processing flow and capacities at each step is different for wet and dry berries. It is important to note that some of the processes are the same for both types of berries. As drying process is the bottleneck in the overall end to end process, the number of delivered / dumped wet harvested berries will increase the waiting time for trucks. Another variability exists in the grading process. As berries are graded on the scale from 1-3 by the chief berry receiver, 3 being...
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... and Dry) start from 7am. B. On an average “busy” day, there are 18,000 bbls delivered over 12-hour period (from 7am to 7pm). C. Wet berries are 70% of all berries. D. Holding bins 17-24 are dedicated to wet berries. E. Capacity of each of five dumpers is 600 bbl/hr. F. When holding bins for wet berries are full, the Kiwanee dumpers are not available to process wet berries, i.e., dumpers cannot temporarily store any wet berries. G. There are 20 peak days in one year, where there is truck waiting happened. H. Truck Drivers are paid by $18/hr Submitted questions: 1. Analyze the current process. [Using the process flow map, available in the Excel file associated with the assignment, of the current process at Receiving Plant #1, mark the capacity of each of the activities. Show the flows of wet and dry berries separately.] 2. On a busy day, what is RP#1’s current maximum throughput rate? 3. Assuming that processing starts at 7 am on a “busy” day, present the situation during such a day, by constructing an inventory build-up diagram for bins and trucks. 4. What are the possible capital investments considered by NCC? 5. Quantify the costs and benefits for NCC’s investment for the fifth Kiwanee dumper in 1980. 6. Quantify the costs and benefits of “converting dry berry holding bins into wet/dry berry holding bins.” Requirements for submitted...
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...Please read the Assignment Collaboration Guidelines in Course Syllabus: Collaboration between groups is not allowed; however, if you hear something from some other group, please give a reference. Below, write your answers to Questions 1-4 (on BB/Cases). Your analysis should be based on the assumptions listed in the Syllabus. If you need to make additional assumptions to answer a question, clearly state them, logically defend them, and then proceed to answer the question accordingly. The idea is to answer the questions concisely. Double spacing is preferred, 1.5-line spacing is the minimum (consider the reader’s eye strain). 1. Analyze the current process. Using the process flow map (available on CTools) of the current process at Receiving Plant No.1, mark the capacity and utilization of each of the resources. Show the flows of wet and dry berries separately. First we receive 18,000 barrels over a 12 hour period which leads to a 1,500 bbl/ Hr, Then 75% of 1,500 total berries per hour equal 1,125 bbl/Hr and the remaining 25% or 375 bbl/Hr are dry berries. While our Dumper is holding a capacity of 3,000 bbl/Hr and utilizing only the 1,500 bbl/Hr we are receiving. Those berries would then split up in the dry and wet storage bins. Dry bins have a capacity of 4,000 bbl/Hr which is 16 bins holding 250 bbl/Hr each. Whereas the wet bins kept a storage capacity of 3,200 with 8 bins holding 250 bbl/Hr each and 3 holding 400 bbl/Hr each. The dry berries would then go on to the 3 Destoners...
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...OPNS D30 Operations Management National Cranberry Cooperative 1. Process flow diagram and bottleneck operations For the process flow diagram, see Exhibit 1. The bottleneck operation is Drying (rate: 600 bbls/hr). Let’s consider the wet and dry processing separately: * Wet processing: RP1 can dechaff up to 3,000 bbls/hr, but only dry 600 bbls/hr. Thus, the bottleneck operation of wet processing is drying, and the bottleneck rate is 600 bbls/hr. * Dry processing: RP1 can destone 4,500 bbls/hr, but only dechaff 1,500 bbls/hr. The bottleneck operation is dechaffing, and the bottleneck rate is 1,500 bbls/hr. So taking wet and dry processing together, the maximum capacity of processing (destoning, dechaffing and drying) is 1,500 + 600 = 2,100 bbls/hr. Thus, if the plant was running at maximum capacity for both wet and dry processing, the activity with the lowest throughput rate would be quality grading, with a rate of 1,200 bbls/hr. However, 70% of the berries processed by RP1 are supposedly wet berries. RP1 can store up to 4,000 bbls solely with the bins 1 to 16, which can hold only dry harvested berries; on the other hand, it can store a maximum of 1,200 bbls with the bins that are designed only for wet harvested berries (25 to 27). Thus, all the hybrid bins will have to be used to store wet harvested berries in order to cope with the rate of wet berries being received. All in all, RP1 will be able to store up to 3,200 bbls of wet harvested berries; this is less...
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...ETSI TR 101 984 V1.2.1 (2007-12) Technical Report Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Broadband Satellite Multimedia (BSM); Services and architectures 2 ETSI TR 101 984 V1.2.1 (2007-12) Reference RTR/SES-00274 Keywords architecture, broadband, IP, multimedia, satellite ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission...
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...want to develop their career as executives in the field of different business areas as well as teaching and research positions in different institutions. BGC Trust University Bangladesh offered an opportunity to do intern. For the competition of this internship program, the author of the study was placed in a bank namely, “National Credit & Commerce Bank Limited”. My paper topic is monitoring and evaluation of credit of NCC Bank. My internship was at NCC Bank Ltd., Anderkilla Branch, Chittagong. During my internship, I had to prepare a report under the supervision of Mrs . 1.2 Objective of the Report: Project Objective: Presenting and Emphasizing on credit operation, credit risk management and credit performance including the credit payment system. Secondary objective: Objectives assist the researcher to advance objectively. The followings objectives may be with this identified study as presented below: Knowing the credit policy and credit operation model. Knowing lending products of the NCC Bank. Knowing the interest rates and fees of loans. Knowing the process of selecting borrowers. Prepared By: Zillur Rahman, ID-0913175, BBA (Finance), FBA, BGCTUB Monitoring & Evaluation of Credit Where Credit & Commerce Integrates Knowing about the loan recovery System. Knowing about the loan classification....
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...for B.Tech (4years, 8 Semester Course) Civil Engineering ( to be applicable from 2012 entry batch onwards) Course No CH-1101 /PH-1101 EE-1101 MA-1101 CE-1101 HS-1101 CH-1111 /PH-1111 ME-1111 Course Name Semester-1 Chemistry/Physics Basic Electrical Engineering Mathematics-I Engineering Graphics Communication Skills Chemistry/Physics Laboratory Workshop Physical Training-I NCC/NSO/NSS L 3 3 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 13 T 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 P 0 0 0 3 0 2 3 2 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 6 0 0 8 2 C 8 6 8 5 6 2 3 0 0 38 8 8 8 8 6 2 0 0 40 8 8 6 6 6 2 2 2 40 6 6 8 2 Course No EC-1101 CS-1101 MA-1102 ME-1101 PH-1101/ CH-1101 CS-1111 EE-1111 PH-1111/ CH-1111 Course Name Semester-2 Basic Electronics Introduction to Computing Mathematics-II Engineering Mechanics Physics/Chemistry Computing Laboratory Electrical Science Laboratory Physics/Chemistry Laboratory Physical Training –II NCC/NSO/NSS Semester-4 Structural Analysis-I Hydraulics Environmental Engg-I Structural Design-I Managerial Economics Engg. Geology Laboratory Hydraulics Laboratory Physical Training-IV NCC/NSO/NSS Semester-6 Structural Design-II Structural Analysis-III Foundation Engineering Transportation Engineering-II Hydrology &Flood Control Concrete Lab Structural Engineering Lab L 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 15 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 15 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 T 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 P 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 6 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 C 6 6 8 8 8 2 2...
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...Carrier Proteins and Active Membrane Transport The process by which a carrier protein transfers a solute molecule across the lipid bilayer resembles anenzyme-substrate reaction, and in many ways carriers behave like enzymes. In contrast to ordinary enzyme-substrate reactions, however, the transported solute is not covalently modified by the carrier protein, but instead is delivered unchanged to the other side of the membrane. Each type of carrier protein has one or more specific binding sites for its solute (substrate). It transfers the solute across the lipid bilayer by undergoing reversible conformational changes that alternately expose the solute-binding site first on one side of the membrane and then on the other. A schematic model of how such a carrier protein is thought to operate is shown in Figure 11-6. When the carrier is saturated (that is, when all solute-binding sites are occupied), the rate of transport is maximal. This rate, referred to as Vmax, is characteristic of the specific carrier and reflects the rate with which the carrier can flip between its two conformational states. In addition, each transporter protein has a characteristic binding constant for its solute,Km, equal to the concentration of solute when the transport rate is half its maximum value (Figure 11-7). As with enzymes, the binding of solute can be blocked specifically by either competitive inhibitors (which compete for the same binding site and may or may not be transported by the carrier) or noncompetitive...
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...Role of Analysts and Designers The primary role of systems analysts and designers is, of course, to produce a computer system solution to a problem that meets the customer’s requirements. This task can easily be so absorbing in itself that there is seemingly no time left over for thinking about the non-technical issues surrounding the introduction of a new IT system, much less for setting up a people project to address them. So even if the people project is not driven by analysts, designers, or even IT managers, it needs their active support. Many of the tasks carried out by analysts in the early stages of an IT development project have outputs that the people project will need to draw on. For example, the process of creating data models and data flow diagrams may raise questions of data ownership, which need to be fed to the people project to resolve, perhaps through a redefinition of rolesand responsibilities or the introduction of a new procedure. Likewise, if systems analysts have done a detailed assessment of costs and benefits, this will give the people project some idea of the messages they can use to sell the new IT system to users and managers. Analysts can also draw on the people project for valuable help in areas such as human–computer interface design, discussed in Chapter 15. The look and feel of the HCI can be one of the most significant factors in determining a user’s response to a system. The people project can help create the conditions in which HCI...
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...Part-01 Introduction The Jews in Jerusalem introduced a kind of banking in the form of money lending before the birth of Christ. The word ‘Bank’ was probably derived from the word ‘Bench’ as during ancient time Jews used to do money lending business sitting on long benched. First modern banking was introduced in 1668 in Stockholm as ‘Savings Pis Bank’, which opened up a new ear of banking, activates through out the European Mainland. Banks are now beyond those old concepts. Now bank represents a significant & influential sector of business worldwide. Most individuals and originations make use of the Banks, either as depositors and borrowers. Bank play a major rule in maintaining confidence in the monetary system through their close relationship with regulatory authorities & governments the regulation imposed on them by those government. 1.1: Origin of the report For any business school student only curriculum activity is not enough for handling the real business situation, therefore it is an opportunity for the students to know about the field of business through the internship program. As internship program is a perfect blend of the theoretical and practical knowledge. This report is originated to fulfill the requirement of the assign project internship report on “Loan Disbursement and recovery system” has been assigned to me by Human Resource Division (HRD) of NCCBL, Head Office, Dhaka. In this regard, I have worked as an internee in National...
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...gether Towards a Safer India Part-III To A textbook on Disaster Management for Class X A Stride Ahead CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION PREET VIHAR, DELHI - 110092 Together Towards a Safer India Part III A Stride Ahead A Textbook on Disaster Management for Class X CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION PREET VIHAR, DELHI - 110092 TOGETHER, TOWARDS, A SAFER INDIA PART-III A textbook on disaster management for class X FIRST EDITION 2005 REVISED EDITION 2006 © CBSE, DELHI Acknowledgements CBSE Advisors: Shri Ashok Ganguly, Chairman, CBSE. Shri G. Balasubramanian, Director (Academic), CBSE. Editors: Shri R.K. Singh Joint Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India Shri Saroj Jha, I.A.S Director (Disaster Management), Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India. Authors: Prof A.S Arya, Shri Ankush Agarwal and Shri Arvind Nagaraju Shri Anup Karanth Dr. Kamla Menon and Ms. A. Venkatachalam Ms. Balaka Dey Shri Hemang Karelia Ms. Malini Narayanan Coordinator: Ms. Sugandh Sharma, Education Officer, CBSE. Price: Published By: The Secretary, Central Board of Secondary Education, ‘Shiksha Kendra’, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi-110 092 Design, Layout & Illustration By: Spectrum Media, 3721/5, IInd Floor, New Delhi-110 002 Phone : 011-23272562 Printed By: Contents Foreword For Students Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Introduction Tsunami – The killer sea waves Survival Skills Alternative Communication Systems…...
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...personal computers at approximately 200 facilities could access SENTRY. The purpose of this audit was to assess the application controls for the BOP’s SENTRY database to determine whether inmate data entered in SENTRY is valid, properly authorized, and completely and accurately processed.1 Our criteria for conducting the review was the Federal Information System Controls Audit Manual (FISCAM).2 We reviewed the accuracy and timeliness of SENTRY’s input, processing, and output controls and judgmentally selected 3 of the BOP’s 29 Community Corrections Offices (CCO) to conduct onsite reviews of their operational workflow (Annapolis Junction, Maryland; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Chicago, Illinois). These sites were selected because they process large volumes of inmate data into SENTRY. Our application review of SENTRY identified weaknesses in 4 of the 27 FISCAM control areas that we tested. We do not consider our findings in these areas to be major weaknesses and assessed SENTRY overall at a...
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