...1. Is there any evidence that the program pays out for Sainsbury? Elaborate. Sainsbury’s had been losing market share until partnering with Nectar and then became U.K.’s second largest supermarket chain after the first year of using the program. They also discovered weekly spending was 40% greater among people collecting points from several sponsors than only from Sainsbury’s. A study suggested that Sainsbury’s gained market share from non-Nectar retailers through gasoline sales due to the competition between BP and Sainsbury’s with Nectar. Sainsbury’s benefited from the Nectar program by: · Increasing the frequency of customer’s visits and spending more per transaction · Acquiring new customers · Retaining current customers · Up-selling to customers to buy higher margin products While Sainsbury’s was the dominant sponsor, there had been a steady decrease in its importance. In the launch month, four out of five collectors earned points from Sainsbury’s alone. Within six months, half had earned points from a second sponsor and at the anniversary 30% earned from one, 60% from two and 10% from three sponsors. Spending at Sainsbury’s was greater among collectors earning points from multiple sources than from Sainsbury’s alone. Weekly spending at Sainsbury’s was 40% greater when people collected from them and two other sponsors than from Sainsbury’s alone. It also became apparent that collectors who earned points from multiple sponsors...
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...particle swarm optimization algorithm, differential evolution algorithm and evolution strategies. Results show that the performance of the ABC is better than or similar to those of other population-based algorithms with the advantage of employing fewer control parameters. Ó 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Swarm intelligence Evolution strategies Genetic algorithms Differential evolution Particle swarm optimization Artificial Bee Colony algorithm Unconstrained optimization 1. Introduction Population-based optimization algorithms find near-optimal solutions to the difficult optimization problems by motivation from nature. A common feature of all population-based algorithms is that the population consisting of possible solutions to the problem is modified by applying some operators on the solutions depending on the information of their fitness. Hence, the population is moved towards better solution areas of the search space. Two important classes of population-based optimization algorithms are evolutionary algorithms [1] and swarm intelligence-based algorithms [2]. Although Genetic Algorithm...
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...specifically derived by that plant to protect itself from harmful pests. Although it may be effective in killing certain insects, it may not be as effective for other uses. For instance: a plant is found to secrete toxic chemicals in its nectar that target fire ants and the only way for the ant to be poisoned would be if it drank from the nectar, or bit into the plant itself. This toxin is contained inside the plant and has no exterior effects to surrounding animals. If a manufacturer extracted the pesticidal ingredients from the plant and turned it into a spray that people can use in their homes, how do we know what kind of effects it will have on the environment? Yes, the ingredients are all natural, but it was made specifically for the plant and it was fully contained in nature. The toxin could have acidic properties and enzymes that could deteriorate surrounding environments and kill other organisms, not just fire ants. Perhaps there is a reason why the toxin is found to be naturally isolated inside the plant. Although there have been negative opinions towards synthetic pesticides, sometimes man-made pesticides may actually be more beneficial to the environment than their natural counterparts. Scientists are able to manipulate and create different solutions that are directed more specifically to the insect. They can make pesticides that have short decomposition rates so that it does not linger in the environment for very long. They can also make pesticides that are more concentrated...
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...International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management Building brand webs: Customer relationship management through the Tesco Clubcard loyalty scheme Jennifer Rowley Article information: To cite this document: Jennifer Rowley, (2005),"Building brand webs", International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 33 Iss 3 pp. 194 - 206 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09590550510588361 Downloaded on: 15 September 2014, At: 19:08 (PT) References: this document contains references to 37 other documents. To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 17452 times since 2006* Downloaded by UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH At 19:08 15 September 2014 (PT) Users who downloaded this article also downloaded: Jason J. Turner, Karen Wilson, (2006),"Grocery loyalty: Tesco Clubcard and its impact on loyalty", British Food Journal, Vol. 108 Iss 11 pp. 958-964 Mark D. Uncles, Grahame R. Dowling, Kathy Hammond, (2003),"Customer loyalty and customer loyalty programs", Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 20 Iss 4 pp. 294-316 Jennifer Rowley, (2007),"Reconceptualising the strategic role of loyalty schemes", Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 24 Iss 6 pp. 366-374 Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by 313615 [] For Authors If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about...
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...CONTAMINATION, PRESERVATION AND SPOILAGE OF SUGAR AND SUGAR PRODUCTS CONTAMINATION * The raw juice expressed from sugarcane may become high in microbial content unless processing is prompt. * The relevant microorganisms are those from the sugarcane and the soil contamination it and therefore comprise slime producers such as species of Leuconostoc and Bacillus representatives of the genera Micrococcus, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas; a variety of yeast, chiefly in genera Saccharomyces, Candida, and Pichia and a few molds. * Much contamination may come from debris or fine particles on the sides or joints of troughs at the plant. * If organisms grow to an extent then inversion of sucrose or even destruction of sugar may take place. * Activities of the organisms take place from cutting of the cane through extraction to clarification of the juice, a process which kills yeasts and vegetative cells of bacteria. * Bacterial spores are present from then on, through sedimentation, filtration, evaporation, crystallization, and centrifugation, but may be reduced in number by these processes, although spores of thermophiles may be added from equipment. * Bagging of raw sugar may also add some micro organisms. * During the refining of raw sugar contamination may come from equipment, and organisms are added during bagging. * In manufacture of beet sugar, clean beets are sliced into thin slices and the sugar is removed by diffusion process at 60 to 85 C. sources...
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...limited resources and further increases pressure on rural communities in the struggle to increase agricultural productivity. In 1960 one hectare of agricultural land was required to grow food to feed two people. By 1995 one hectare was required to feed four people and by 2025 the same area will need to feed five people. Feeding this growing demand requires sustainable solutions for agriculture across the world. This involves balancing the need to produce food with concerns for the environment. Sustainability is a ‘virtuous circle’. If agriculture uses sustainable solutions it will be able to meet the needs of future generations and become the type of farming which future generations want to inherit. As sustainable businesses grow, they develop better methods and solutions to support farmers and growers around the world. Both communities and businesses benefit and local economies grow. CURRICULUM TOPICS • Research and development • Market and product orientation • Business growth • Sustainability GLOSSARY Hectare: metric unit of measurement of land, 10,000 square metres or 2.47 acres. Sustainable: agricultural solutions that maintain resources, productivity and profitability and are environmentally friendly into the future. Virtuous circle: a form of renewal in which sustainable activities in agriculture create sustainable businesses within the...
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...T MAHENDRAN : QUALITY OF INSTANT GUAVA DRINK POWDER PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF DEHYDRATED GUAVA CONCENTRATE: EFFECT OF DRYING METHOD AND MALTODEXTRIN CONCENTRATION T Mahendran Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University of Sri Lanka, Chenkalady Accepted: 20th May 2010 ABSTRACT Dehydration of guava juice into powdered particles gives a considerable reduction in volume and is an effective method of prolonging the shelf life. Therefore, a research study was conducted to determine the effect of different drying methods and the addition of drying aids on the physico-chemical properties and sensory characteristics of dehydrated guava concentrate. Instant guava-drink-powder samples were obtained by dehydrating the concentrated guava juice using freeze drying, spray drying and tunnel drying techniques. Guava juice at 10.5°Brix was used to prepare the fruit powders. A significant reduction (p<0.05) in titratable acidity of 0.22% as citric acid and an increase in pH of 0.44 after drying of guava juice indicated that some acids were lost during the drying process. The oxidative loss of ascorbic acid was considerably lower in freeze drying (18.8%) compared to tunnel drying (32.2%). Spray dried powders were obtained from the guava juice with different maltodextrin concentrations as drying aids. When 30% maltodextrin was added to guava juice, the solubility of powder was 95% whereas, adding 60% maltodextrin decreased the...
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...physical property of the compound that can be used to characterize it. Most biomolecules are chiral and hence rotate polarized light. In this experiment you will study the optical rotation of a series of mixed monosaccharide solutions and determine the relative concentrations of them. The instrument used to study optical rotation in chiral molecules is called a polarimeter. A polarimeter takes light vibrating in all planes, isolates the light vibrating in a single plane, projects the light through a tube filled with a solution of chiral compound, and measures the amount of rotation. The observed angle of rotation of the plane of polarization by an optically active liquid, solution, or (more rarely) gas or solid is usually denoted by the symbol α. The angle may be either positive (+) or negative (-) depending on whether the rotation is clockwise, that is, to the right (dextro) or counterclockwise, that is, to the left (levo) as seen by an observer towards whom the beam of polarized light travels (this is opposite from the direction of rotation viewed along the light beam). Biot discovered that the observed rotation is proportional to the length l of the cell or tube containing the optically active liquid or solution and the concentration c (or density in the case of a pure liquid): α = [α] × l × c (Biot's law). The value of the proportionality constant [α] depends on the units chosen; in polarimetry it is customary to express l in decimeters, because the cells are usually 0.25, 0...
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...Throughout the disappearing of bee colonies, scientists have been on the case of figuring out what may be causing the bees to vanish across the entire world. Scientist have concluded with numerous combinations of factors, of what type of syndromes may be causing the bees to be sick. This includes pesticide exposure, invasive parasitic mites, an inadequate food supply and a new virus that targets bees' immune systems. However researchers at Maryland University and the US Department of Agriculture have recognized it as a severe infection which include a type of pesticides and fungicides contaminating pollen that bees accumulate to nourish their hives. Scientists on the east coast were investigating the decline in bees and came across some hives...
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...9-800-122 REV: JULY 17, 2006 JOSEPH B. LASSITER, III Juice Guys (A) CREATING THE ULTIMATE JUICE SHOP: Squeezing and Blending the Data to Get to the Juice !!! Sharon Fox Cindy Rushmore Harvard Business School Faculty Sponsored Field Study Preliminary Draft ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sharon Fox and Cindy Rushmore HBS MBAs ’99, prepared this case under the supervision of Professor Joseph B. Lassiter, III as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. This case is a revised version of a field study performed by Sharon Fox and Cindy Rushmore supervised by Professor Lassiter and a course paper prepared by Sharon Fox for the Customer Behavior Laboratory course supervised by Professor Gerald Zaltman. Copyright © 1999 President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685, write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http://www.hbsp.harvard.edu. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of Harvard Business School. Purchased by Jordana Blesa (Babesktr@aol.com) on January 11, 2012 800-122 Juice Guys (A) CONTENTS I...
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...This research aims to analyze and evaluate the perception that each of the 3 strongest Juice brands carry – Shezan All Pure, Fruitien and Nestlé Fruita Vitals. A survey was conducted of a 100 respondents in Islamabad to assess the Perceived and Actual Value of the said brands. The methodology and the findings are elaborated in this research paper. Consumer Brand Perception A comparative study of consumer Brand Perception of Shezan All Pure, Fruitien, Nestlé Fruita Vitals BBA – 2k11 – B Abeera Ahmad – 91 0|Page Mohammad Ibrahim Khan – 19 Zain Ul Abideen – 45 Contents 1. Acknowledgements .................................................................................................. 3 2. Executive Summary ................................................................................................. 4 3. Introduction............................................................................................................. 5 I. Shezan International Limited: ............................................................................. 6 II. CitroPak Limited ............................................................................................... 8 III. Nestlé Pakistan Ltd ......................................................................................... 10 4. Literature Review ..........................................................................
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...Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz., 2008, 27 (2), 499-510 Climate change: impact on honey bee populations and diseases Y. Le Conte (1) & M. Navajas (2) (1) French National Institute for Agronomic Research (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA), UMR 406 Abeilles et Environment (INRA/UAPV), Laboratoire Biologie et Protection de l’Abeille, Site Agroparc, Domaine Saint-Paul, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France (2) French National Institute for Agronomic Research (INRA), UMR CBGP (INRA/IRD/CIRAD/Montpellier SupAgro), Campus International de Baillarguet, CS 30016, 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez Cedex, France Summary The European honey bee, Apis mellifera, is the most economically valuable pollinator of agricultural crops worldwide. Bees are also crucial in maintaining biodiversity by pollinating numerous plant species whose fertilisation requires an obligatory pollinator. Apis mellifera is a species that has shown great adaptive potential, as it is found almost everywhere in the world and in highly diverse climates. In a context of climate change, the variability of the honey bee’s lifehistory traits as regards temperature and the environment shows that the species possesses such plasticity and genetic variability that this could give rise to the selection of development cycles suited to new environmental conditions. Although we do not know the precise impact of potential environmental changes on honey bees as a result of climate change, there is a large body of data at our...
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...[pic] | | COST ACCOUNTING AREA: CONTROL IMBA NUMBER OF SESSIONS: 20 PROFESSOR: SALVADOR CARMONA □ Ph.D (Accounting). Universidad de Sevilla. □ Last version, November 2006 COURSE DESCRIPTION A cost accounting system collects and classifies costs and assigns them to cost objects. The goal of a cost accounting system is to measure the cost of designing, developing, producing (or purchasing), selling, distributing, and servicing particular products or services. Cost allocation is at the heart of most accounting systems. Cost behavior -how the activities of an organization affect its costs- is also fundamental to cost accounting systems. The data provided by a cost accounting system is used for various purposes, which include product costing, planning and control, and decision making. This course mainly focuses on the first of these objectives -products costing. COURSE GOALS Students, as future managers, will utilize, at a minimum, the output of cost systems, which are the primary internal information systems in a firm. Students taking this course will gain an understanding of cost accounting systems, which includes a familiarization with: The goals of cost accounting systems; the fundamental features and design of cost accounting systems; and the various uses of the data provided by cost accounting decisions. A sound...
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...Business Strategy Name Institution Abstract This paper critically analyses the past and the current market trend, operations, and marketing strategies of Sainsbury’s Company. Different models of analysis were employed to clearly understand the current and previous state of Sainsbury’s. Some of these models include SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, CORE analysis, Porter’s Five Forces model, Key Success Factors, and Ansoff’s Matrix These models help in understanding all aspects that play a role for the success and the failures of the company that include its strengths, weakness, opportunities, threats, and several factors that bolster of hinders the success of the company. I also looked at deep analysis of the success of introducing “Dark Stores” in Ireland. It can be concluded from this study that, Sainsbury’s can successfully enter into Ireland market by introducing “Dark Store”. However, the company will likely face some challenges and competition from other companies in Ireland, but it can counter these by employing different strategies recommended in this study. Business Strategy: Sainsbury’s Introduction The task of the strategy is the most difficult and time-consuming part of strategic management. This task runs almost through all levels of management and should be taken into account in most parts of the company. The specific implementation of the strategy begins with a thorough analysis of what the company should do differently and better for the successful implementation...
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...competition at consumers’ expense. * The infant industry argument * New industries need temporary trade restrictions to help them get started. Economists’ response: * To apply protection successfully, the government would need to ‘pick winners’. * If an industry will be profitable in the future, the owners of the firms should be willing to incur temporary losses in order to obtain the eventual profits. * The unfair competition argument * If firms in different countries are subject to different laws and regulations, then it is unfair to expect the firms to compete in the international marketplace. Economists’ response: * Even if production in another country is subsidised, it is still the case that the gains to consumers from buying at a low price exceed the losses of domestic producers. * Rather than objecting to foreign subsidies, we should thank foreign taxpayers for subsidising our consumption. * The protection-as-a-bargaining-chip argument * The...
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