Introduction The biggest protest movement was in Taiwan in March, 2014. The Taiwanese government and Chinese government signed a cross strait service trade agreement. The Taiwanese government unilaterally ratified a service trade agreement. This action provoked The Taiwanese people to protest. In this case, the negotiation was with the Taiwanese government, and China government and Taiwanese people. The following will more deeply elaborate about the negotiation process and the tactics that three parties used in negotiation.
Cross Strait Service Trade Agreement China and Taiwan signed a treaty in June 2013, named the Cross Strait Service Trade Agreement. This trade agreement is a follow-up treaty by ECFA (Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement.) Under the terms of this agreement, Taiwan opened sixty-four service sectors and China opened eighty service sector; “service industries would be opened to investment and businessmen would be able to obtain indefinitely renewable visas for the other territory. It would become easier for businesses to set up offices and branches in the other territory and for large stakes in businesses to be sold to the other party’s investors”(Cross-Strait Service, 2014, para.1).Both governments believe this trade agreement will bring a large amount of benefits to their countries. However, the Taiwanese legislature currently ratified this agreement without due process and broke its earlier promise to allow a parliamentary review of the agreement. The Taiwanese people were aware that the agreement would arouse economic and political problems. It triggered a protest movement, the Sunflower Student Movement.
Sunflower Student Movement This movement was driven by the Taiwanese people and most of them were students. It happened on March 18, 2014, and lasted until April 10, 2014. Protestors believed that the Taiwanese government attempted to do under the table negotiations with the Chinese government; therefore, they occupied the legislature chamber, against the passing of the trade agreement. The purpose of this movement was to negotiate with the Taiwanese government. Protestors did not want to generate a large conflict, they just tried to appeal to the Taiwanese government to focus on this problem and solve it, “the protestors declared that they wanted the Taiwanese government to promote a monitoring framework that will ensure an honest review of the CSSTA, and ensure transparency of future CSSTA negotiations for the general public” (Ko, 2014, para.1).However, “President Ma was taking a hard stance against the students. His government did not respond to a March 21 ultimatum by protesters to issue an apology for the deal” (Brown, 2014, para.20). Due to this action, more and more students and citizens joined the protest movement. Hundreds of police officers tried to evict protestors out of the legislature chamber. It caused a huge conflict between the government and Taiwanese people. The first negotiation failed.
The Benefits of the Taiwanese Government The first negotiation failed, because the Taiwanese government believed that CSSTA would benefit the economy and create a better relationship with China. Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) Deputy Minister Lin Chu-chia said that “building a free and open environment would stimulate greater potential for development of Taiwanese service industries with a competitive advantage. Moreover, the treaty will help Taiwanese companies to develop in the China market, attract more foreign capital to Taiwan's economy, and expand the space for industrial development forward for Taiwan's integration in the regional economy” ( Lin Chu-chia, 2014, para.1). Besides this, China and Taiwan have had a complicated relationship for a long period of time. Both governments have had no official contact until 2014. It is the first time that a Taiwanese leader and Chinese leader to have had a face to face meeting since1949. President Ma put effort into instituting a positive relationship with China. The Taiwanese Government insisted that this treaty brought economic and political benefits to Taiwan.
The Benefits of Chinese Government In this treaty, the Chinese government had a different purpose from the Taiwanese government. They were more concerned about political aspect instead of the economic aspect. The Chinese government considered Taiwan that to be a rebel region. They might collect Taiwan by force if necessary. They hoped Taiwan would be reunited with to China as soon as possible. They offered a great deal to Taiwan. China was willing to help develop the economy in Taiwan. The purpose was to increase trust from Taiwanese people. The top leader Xi Jing-ping said that “economic integration will bring about mutual benefit and win-win results for the Chinese mainland and Taiwan and should not be disturbed” (Cross strait economic, 2014 para 6) In this agreement, the benefits of the Chinese government was that they could be friend with the Taiwanese government, and penetrate into the Taiwanese economy. However, the economy and politics are unable to separate clearly. Once China has more power to control the Taiwanese economy, the political power might increase as well. The benefits of the Chinese government is that they could gain more trust and let Taiwan back into China by economic integration.
The Benefits of Taiwanese people Taiwan is a small island, they need to export and import some merchandise to support their economy. It cannot be denied that signing a treaty with China could increase more opportunities for the Taiwanese people. China has a substantial market value. If the Taiwanese could have a stable economic relationship with China, it could promote the Taiwanese market range. However, the complicated relationship between Taiwan and China made the Taiwanese people have a doubtful attitude toward CSSTA, “with the stagnation in the Taiwanese economy and the outflow of younger generation workers to China, Taiwanese people are increasingly worried that too much economic dependency on China would eventually lead to China’s takeover of Taiwan”(Ko,2014). They are not willing take a risk to lose their own country. That is the reason why the Taiwanese people severely disagree with passing this agreement with China. The benefits of the Taiwanese people included many unsure risks; therefore, the Taiwanese people insisted to have a complete oversight mechanism in Parliament.
The Demand of Taiwanese People Protesters occupied the legislative chamber to negotiate with the Taiwanese government. They had three main demands. First, to monitor the legislative process for a formal and transparent mechanism for future cross-strait agreement. Second, to review the Cross Strait Service Trade Agreement item by item. Third, to promote the civic constitutional convention. Overall, the goal “is to demand the current Administration to re-evaluate their pro-China policy, as the majority of Taiwanese do not prefer to be ruled by the Chinese government”( Ko, 2014). The protesters mainly fought for their democracy. Some of the protesters were not to against the trade agreement. They were more against under the table negotiation between Taiwanese government and Chinese government. They simply wanted to obtain a guarantee from their government. The way they attempted to negotiate with their government was to occupy the legislative chamber and waited for the response from their government.
Negotiation Between Taiwanese People and Taiwanese Government At first, protesters occupied the legislative chamber and sat inside to show their dissatisfaction. They also declared their demands to the Taiwanese government to see how their government would solve this issue. However, the Taiwanese government did not give much official response. The government only asked protesters to leave the legislative chamber. They ignored the people’s demands at the beginning. Moreover, they sent the police to evict the protesters who occupied the legislative chamber. It caused a terrible conflict between the Taiwanese people and government. Citizens and students got angry with the Taiwanese government; they recruited more people to join the protest. They gave the Taiwanese government more pressure to focus on this issue. On March 25, President Ma would like to meet with the student movement leader to negotiate. However, the protest leader rejected to meet despite having asked President Ma to meet with them to answer their demands earlier. “So that the cross-Party negotiations failed once again to reach a consensus on the protests and the pact.” (Sunflower student movement, 2014. Para.10).After this, the police adopted more formal and severe methods to evict the protesters. It caused some miserable injuries. The turning point of this movement was on April 6 when Legislative Speaker Jin-Pyng Wang promised the protesters to postpone review of the trade pact until legislation monitoring all cross-strait agreement has been passed. (Sunflower student movement, 2014.Para 10). Therefore, the protesters decided to leave on April 10. However, President Ma did not agree with the response by Jin-Pyun Wang. Although the protesters did not have a positive official response from President Ma, they still got the commitment of the Legislative Speaker.
The Tactic of Negotiation 1. Hardball Tactics In this negotiation, the tactics that the Taiwanese people used was Aggressive Behavior. “The negotiators using this tactic to force the other side to make many concessions to reach an agreement.” (Lewiki, Saunders, Barry, 2011, page59.). Taiwanese people occupied the legislative chamber to make sure the government did not function as usual. They claimed that if the government was not willing to accept the demands which they provided, they would not leave the legislative chamber. They threatened the Taiwanese government to make a concession. However, the Taiwanese government was not intimidated by these protesters. They adopted the tactics which was ignore them. ”This tactic does not like a powerful negotiation skill, but it takes a lot of energy to use some of the hardball tactic” (Lewiki, Saunders, Barry, 2011. Page52). President Ma did not a give official response toward the protest movement. He only responded that the great influences of CSSTA instead of answering the protesters' questions. Taiwanese government did send some chief to answer the questions, but most of answer were unclear. The protesters could not accept it and even got more anger in this negotiation. A tactic which was used by Chinese government was Co-Opt the other party. “This tactics is to try to befriend them before they use the tactic on you. This approach is built on the theory that it is much more difficult to attack a friend than an enemy” (Lewiki, Saunders, Barry, 2011, page 53). Chinese government offered nice economic deal to Taiwanese government. They showed their sincere to Taiwanese government. They said that they would like to help Taiwanese people to overcome the economic limited. They tried to befriend Taiwan in this negotiation and tried to gain more trust from them. Besides hardball tactics, there is another tactic called Commitment. 2. Commitment In this negotiation, the Taiwanese people did not have as much power as the Taiwanese government or Chinese government. In order to survive against two big parties, they used Public Pronouncement. “A commitment statement increases in potency when more people know about it” (Lewiki, Saunders, Barry, 2011, page ). The Taiwanese people applied the influences of websites and media to get more citizen involve in this protest. They also gathered Taiwanese who lived oversea to spread this issue to get more attention internationally. The purpose of this tactics was to let Taiwanese government know that the whole society concern about this issue, not only the minority group. The government might have more pressure. Taiwanese government used a tactic that “Restate the Commitment” The party that wants to abandon a commitment will make a new proposal, changing some of the details to be more in line with his or her current needs, while ostensibly still living with the general principles of the earlier wording. (Lewiki, Saunders, Barry, 2011, page).Taiwanese government was standing at their position firmly. They unwilling to make concession in this negotiation. They used riot police to threaten and evict these protesters at the beginning. However, when the conflicts became bigger and bigger, the attention increased as well. More attention brings more pressure. Under this pressure, Taiwanese government was willing to discuss and make any concession to keep their reputation. In this negotiation, it seems that the Chinese government was the winner. They signed the CSSTA with the Taiwanese government, they would not have much negative impact to their economy, but they would have a positive relationship with the Taiwanese government. They did not lose anything. Besides, if the direction of economy went with their wish, they might include Taiwan back to their map. This agreement could be considered Chinese government’s BATNA. “Having a best alternative to a negotiated agreement sufficient to give a negotiator an advantage over the other party.” (Lewiki, Saunders, Barry, 2011, Page 137).They offered the economic support to Taiwan, befriend with Taiwanese government. If the purpose of Chinese government was to take over Taiwan, signed CSSTA with Taiwan would definitely be their BTANA.

References
Brown, S., & Li, Z. (2014 March 25). Taiwan police clash with students in protests over trade deal. CNN World. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2014/03/24/world/asia/taiwan-trade-student-protest/

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