...NES Question 1 Indeed, the amount of money that Chen was told to give each of the government officials was not much, but the action itself would have some consequences. However, it is unquestionably right to look at these consequences in two ways, the rule of law and local culture. First, According to the Chinese law, giving gifts of any kind to the government officials with intent of taking advantage of their position and power to conduct illegal action is bribery. This action of giving money to government officials may therefore be regarded as bribery; as a result involved parties may be penalized or even end up in jail. The Stakeholders may also decide to withdraw investing in such a corrupt environment. Secondly, it is undeniably true that local culture plays a tremendous role in a local business environment, therefore we must also argue with regards to culture. As far as Chinese culture is concerned, the need of maintaining networks or relationships (locally known as “關係Guan Xi”) in business environment is tremendously important and it is deeply rooted in the Chinese people’s DNA and other Asian countries that are also influenced by the Teachings of Confucius. According to the teachings of Confucius, relationships or networks(關係), and Face (mian zi), were among other things that were highly emphasized and helped to build up the Chinese culture which can be evidenced by the findings of Geert Hofstede in his theory of culture dimension that most Asian culture with no exception...
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...Changing revealed comparative advantage: a case study of footwear industry of Pakistan by Naseem Akhtar, Nadia Zakir, Ejaz Ghani Comments • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • Next The study looks at the issues facing the footwear industry regarding its competitiveness in the global perspective and its potential for growth. The methodology of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) is used to analyse the comparative advantage at 2-digit and 4-digit levels of industrial classification. The paper highlights the problems faced by the footwear industry and identifies the role of entrepreneurship for the progress of the industry. The analysis shows that in recent years, specifically the period from 2003-06, the footwear industry has moved from disadvantage (as compared with China and India) position to comparative advantage. The study indicates that there is potential for higher growth of the industry and it can become a source of export earnings. The study suggests that in the rapidly changing global economic environment and in the face of increasing cost of doing business in Pakistan, there is a need to strengthen the competitiveness of the footwear industry in Pakistan. JEL classification: L67 Keywords: Revealed Comparative Advantage, Footwear, Pakistan. 1. INTRODUCTION The global export patterns are changing fast as a result of reduction in trade barriers and technological advancements that have led to gains in productivity and change in...
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...Galvez Case Study Chapter 4 Questions 1-. No, but most of the things they mentioned in the case study are true in my point of vies of course. In the myth number one, I think is true because in the United States everything is individualism, and in China is more collectivism. Is true two people work better than one, and is one of the reasons of why china is one of the best countries in the world. I’m not saying United States is not one of the best countries in the world, but right now China has better economy than United States has. Also, something that I see is all the Chinese people they are everywhere around the world, in Mexico we have tons of Chinese people they like to have business all around the world and for them is not complicated to adapt the culture of where they decide to move. 2-. First business in china are very different and I think will be hard for me to adapt the way they business work. But if I decide go and do business I think will look first the way they work and learn for it and then apply a little bit of the way business work in Mexico. Something that everybody needs to know is wherever you go you need to adapt if you are the one coming to a different country of where you come from. Some people don’t understand that concept and they want to act and live the way the used to live but if you come to a different country you are the one that has to adapt to that culture. 3-Something that everybody learn when they come to study or work...
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...Freedom of Connection – Freedom of Expression: The Changing Legal and Regulatory Ecology Shaping the Internet by William H. Dutton Anna Dopatka Michael Hills Ginette Law and Victoria Nash Oxford Internet Institute University of Oxford 1 St Giles Oxford OX1 3JS United Kingdom 19 August 2010 A report prepared for UNESCO’s Division for Freedom of Expression, Democracy and Peace. The opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UNESCO or its Division for Freedom of Expression, Democracy and Peace. Preface As stated in its Constitution, UNESCO is dedicated to “Promoting the free flow of ideas by word and image”. Part of this mission, therefore, is to promote freedom of expression and freedom of the press through sensitization and monitoring activities, as a central element in building strong democracies, contributing to good governance, promoting civic participation and the rule of law, and encouraging human development and security. Media independence and pluralism are fostered by the Organization, providing advisory services on media legislation and sensitizing governments and parliamentarians, as well as civil society and relevant professional associations. However, UNESCO recognizes that the principle of freedom of expression must apply not only to traditional media, but also...
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...LEATHER: Controversial Raw-Material in Fashion World | | | | | | | | Term-Paper on Leather: Controversial Raw-Material in Fashion World Submitted to:- Mr. Md. Gazi Salah Uddin Senior Lecturer & Assistant Proctor Department of Business Administration East West University Submitted by:- Students Name | Students ID | Nusrat Binta Nasir | 2009-1-10-272 | Sabrina Zaman | 2009-1-10-054 | Saima Nusrat Shorna | 2009-1-10-055 | Samir Ahmed | 2009-1-10-051 | Md. Shafiar Rahman Rana | 2008-3-10-038 | Section: 03 Submission Date: 06/04/2011 Letter of Transmittal Mr. Md. Gazi Salah Uddin Senior Lecturer & Assistant Proctor Department of Business Administration East West University Subject: Letter of Transmittal. Dear Sir, Here is the report that you have assigned to us a partial requirement of the ITB301 course. We have thoroughly enjoyed the work. Thank you very much for assigning this important job to us. Yours sincerely, Nusrat Binta Nasir ID: 2009-1-10-272 ............................... Sabrina Zaman ID: 2009-1-10-054 ............................... Saima Nusrat Shorna ID: 2009-1-10-055 ............................... Samir Ahmed ID: 2009-1-10-051 ............................... Md. Shafiar Rahman Rana ID: 2008-3-10-038 ................................ Acknowledgement: We express our heartfelt thanks to Mr. Md. Gazi Salah Uddin from whom...
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...rIssues & Studie s© 45, no. 4 (December 2009): 159-188. Status for Sale: Taiwan and the Competition for Diplomatic Recognition TIMOTHY S. RICH Diplomatic recognition is generally seen as fundamental to the modern state system. The traditional views of recognition however focus almost exclusively on political or ideological rationales, ignoring other foundations on which other countries base establishing diplomatic recognition. Focusing on the Republic of China (Taiwan) suggests a more complicated view where economic self-interest on one side and national pride on the other may undermine traditional conceptions of recognition. Using the ROC-PRC diplomatic battle as a case study, this paper hopes to shed light on two questions: why, despite the PRC's rise as a global power, a country would continue to formally recognize the ROC and secondly what does the ROC receive in exchange for such high-cost endeavors to maintain recognition. In this case mutual ideological rationales have greatly diminished while I contend that economic factors have predominantly maintained this diplomatic battle. In addition, previous research often focuses on major world powers granting or withholding formal recognition to smaller states. In this situation, poor countries with typically little political influence are the major players, suggesting different rationales behind recognition. Methodologically, this paper blends qualitative and quantitative analysis to uncover factors affecting recogni- ...
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...How ‘fair’ are wage practices along the supply chain? Global assessment in 2010-111 Daniel Vaughan-Whitehead 2 SUMMARY Worrying global wage trends around the world as well as poor wage practices along the supply chain – both exacerbated by the economic crisis – have led to increasing concerns over wage issues. This paper is aimed at identifying how ‘fair’ would be wage practices along the supply chain. For this we first propose to define ‘Fair wages’ through a new approach, the ‘Fair wage approach’, aimed at providing CSR actors with a coherent set of fair wage dimensions and indicators. This new approach is then applied in a large-scale exercise carried out on wages in more than 100 suppliers in Asia and complemented by three case studies in China. This exercise carried out in 2010-11 provides first hand and most recent information on wage practices among suppliers. The results identify a number of wage problems along the supply chain, and also confirm the need to address wage issues using a broad spectrum of different ‘fair wage’ dimensions, including living wages, minimum wages, prevailing wages, social dialogue, the payment of working hours and the evolution of wages in accordance with prices, enterprise performance and changes in technology and human capital. Paper prepared for the Better Work conference, 26-28 October 2011, Washington DC. Data have been collected through the 2010 auditing process of the Fair Labor Association (FLA). I would like to thank Kenan Ercel, Patrick...
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...Global Economics Paper No: 192 Goldman Sachs Global Economics, Commodities and Strategy Research at https://360.gs.com The Long-Term Outlook for the BRICs and N-11 Post Crisis The BRIC and N-11 countries are emerging from the crisis better than the developed world. As a result, our long-term projections for the BRICs look more, rather than less, likely to be realised. It is now possible that China will become as big as the US by 2027, and the BRICs as big as the G7 by 2032. Within the BRICs and N-11, China, Brazil, India, Indonesia and the Philippines appear to be performing best. Bangladesh, Egypt, Korea, Nigeria, Turkey and Vietnam form a second group of countries that have performed broadly in line with expectations. Iran, Mexico, Pakistan and Russia have need for improvement. We show the ongoing dramatic BRIC influence in key product markets, with autos and crude oil as examples. Important disclosures appear at the back of this document Thanks to Dominic Wilson, Michael Buchanan, Paulo Leme and Swarnali Ahmed for their valuable comments, and to Alex Kelston for the Growth Environment Scores Jim O’Neill and Anna Stupnytska December 4, 2009 Goldman Sachs Global Economics, Commodities and Strategy Research Global Economics Paper Contents Summary Section 1. Where We Stand on the BRICs and N-11 Section 2. The BRICs and N-11 in the Aftermath of the Crisis 2.1 BRICs and N-11 Global Importance Continues to Rise 3 4 6 6 Higher growth contribution...
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...Summary of LEEDCo Case Study The case study provides a historical insight into the wind-based renewable energy source, and brings to light LEEDCo—a regional non-profit and economic development organization, that is engaged in creating an offshore wind energy industry in Ohio. As commonly known, wind power is derived from airflow using wind turbines or sails to produce mechanical or electrical power. Typically, the mechanical power is harnessed from windmills, and transferred to an appropriate application, which requires power. Wind energy has been and currently is a preferred alternative to fossil fuels, on account that it is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean, produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation and uses little land. The effects on the environment are generally less problematic than those from other power sources. In the forefront of the case, a historical brief is given, depicting wind energy source history, its current utilization throughout the world in contrast to its harnessing and utilization in the US, and both the highlights and the troughs of wind-based energy industry development in the US. The examples and arguments for the above are structured in the context of economical, political, and social boundaries, and give the reader a good taste of what the “lay of the land” looks like. In August 2009, Lake Erie Energy Development Corporation (LEEDCo) found its beginnings from the Great Lakes Energy Development Task Force (GLEDTF)...
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...KNOWLEDGES FOR PRESERVING CULTURAL DIVERSITY – Vol. II - The Impact Of Media On Literature - William Egginton and Bernadette Wegenstein THE IMPACT OF MEDIA ON LITERATURE William Egginton and Bernadette Wegenstein The Johns Hopkins University Keywords: media, media studies, media theory, history of media, new media, comparative literature Contents U SA NE M SC PL O E – C EO H AP LS TE S R S 1. Introduction 2. Current Media Theory and Media Studies 2.1. Origins of Discipline 2.2. New Media Theory 3. Historical Examples 3.1. Oral Transmission 3.2. Pictography 3.3. The Andean Khipu 3.4. Manuscript 3.5. Print 3.6. Theater 3.7. Photography 3.8. Moving Image 3.9. Radio and Television 3.10. The Digital 4. Conclusion Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary The growing consensus among literary scholars is that the meaning of literature cannot be properly studied or understood outside of the specific medium of its transmission and archival. This realization can be considered a revolution in literary studies, and its fundamental ramification is the confluence of literary studies and theory with media studies and theory. The fields of media studies and media theory are dedicated to the analysis and understanding of the myriad media through which information is communicated. Under the influence of these fields, the media through which literature is communicated is no longer considered secondary to the literary...
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...Country-of-Origin: An Overvalued Phenomenon? Date: 18 September 2014 Course: Marketing Management Workgroup: 2 Amount of words: 3,487 Authors: Dirk van der Wardt - 10868496 1. Introduction ‘Made in China, something we are proud of’ This sentence is the slogan of MISTERCHI, a company that sells scooters and motors fabricated in China. Their statement is an example of what academics call country-of-origin (COO). Just like MISTERCHI, multiple companies mention COO in their communication (Magnusson, 2011). In doing so, attempting to create positive product associations and increase purchase intentions amongst customers (Bilkey & Nes, 1982). Though COO is widely used, scientists debate its effectiveness (Balabanis & Diamantopoulos, 2008). Before commencing this discussion, it is important to formulate an accurate understanding of this phenomenon. Jaffe & Nebenzahl defined COO as follows: ‘The country which a consumer associates with a certain product or brand as being its source, regardless of where the product is actually produced.’ (2006: 29). According to Herz and Diamantopoulos (2013) the association can relate to both the country of manufacturing or the geographical origin of the product. Dichter (1962) was the first to claim that the mention of COO by companies has ‘a tremendous influence on the acceptance and success of products’ (p.116). This was later proved by Schooler (1965), turning COO into a topic of interest...
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...504-009-1 04/2004-5188 Unilever in Brazil: Marketing Strategies for LowIncome Consumers This case was prepared by Pedro Pacheco Guimaraes, INSEAD MBA 2003, and Pierre Chandon, Assistant Professor of Marketing at INSEAD, as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. We thank Laercio Cardoso and Robert Davidson from Unilever Brazil for making this case possible. We also thank Fernando Machado (INSEAD MBA 2003), Mauricio Mittelman (INSEAD PhD Student), and Luca Lattanzi (INSEAD Executive MBA 2004) for their comments. Copyright © 2004 INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. PERMISSION. N.B. PLEASE NOTE THAT DETAILS OF ORDERING SE EU INSEAD CASES ARE FOUND ON THE BACK COVER. COPIES MAY NOT BE MADE WITHOUT RING HOU SE CL Distributed by The European Case Clearing House, England and USA. North America, phone: +1 781 239 5884, fax: +1 781 239 5885, e-mail: ECCHBabson@aol.com. Rest of the World, phone: +44 (0)1234 750903, fax: +44 (0)1234 751125, e-mail: ECCH@cranfield.ac.uk. All rights reserved. Printed in UK and USA. Web Site: http://www.ecch.cranfield.ac.uk. EA RO PEAN CA 504-009-1 INSEAD 1 5188 After three successful years in the Personal Care division of Unilever in Pakistan, Laercio Cardoso was contemplating an attractive leadership position in China when he received a phone call from Robert Davidson, Head of Unilever’s Home Care division in Brazil...
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...FCjhANALYZING CHINA’S AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY COMPETITIVENESS THROUGH PORTER’S DIAMOND MODEL DI WU Bachelor of Management, University of Lethbridge, 2004 A Research Project Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of the University of Lethbridge in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MANAGEMENT Faculty of Management University of Lethbridge LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA, CANADA © Di Wu, 2006 (Approval/ Signature page) ii Abstract This paper incorporates Porter’s diamond model to analyze China’s automobile industry. Besides looking at the four determinants of competitiveness in the original model, this study specifically examines the impact of government on industry competitiveness. This study retrieves archival data on multi-measurements used in prior studies. The author incorporates one case study of a Chinese auto firm to illustrate the specific impact of government policy and the responses of auto assemblers and component suppliers. Interviews with experts in auto-related industries are conducted to triangulate the findings. Results show that the Chinese auto industry is still in its early stages of development, whereas product quality and economies of scale of domestic automakers are approaching global standards; thus Chinese auto firms aim at becoming major players in the international market. The government plays an active role in assisting the industry development as the nation transitions from a planned economy to a free...
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...European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences ISSN 1450-2275 Issue 11 (2008) © EuroJournals, Inc. 2008 http://www.eurojournalsn.com Reducing Unemployment Through the Informal Sector: A Case Study of Nigeria Ishola Rufus Akintoye Senior Lecturer, (OOU) Room 116, Department of Economics Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan Ibadan, Nigeria – West Africa Abstract This paper seeks to establish that unemployment as one of the macroeconomic problems could be reduced through the informal sector participation provided it is well supported and manged. The informal sector in itself may not be able to achieve much as we have presently due to inaccessibility to credit, but with the on-going policy of the Federal Government through the Central Bank of Nigeria on micro-financing the macroeconomic objective of reduced unemployment, if not full employment will become a reality in Nigeria. The microfinance policy has empowered the many microfinance institutions to provide credit to the informal sector. We therefore advise that the Nigerian Government and all relevant stakeholders continue in their quest towards reducing unemployment while they give their undivided support, in making sure that the informal sector continues to enjoy access to credit to finance its activities and accomplish its goal of unemployment reduction. Introduction Unemployment is one of the developmental problems that face every developing economy in the 21st century. International...
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...Cube is central command for a fashion empire built on an unconventional idea: speed and responsiveness are more important than cost. Zara is renowned for its ability to deliver new clothes to stores quickly and in small batches. Twice a week, at precise times, store managers order clothes, and twice a week, on schedule, new garments arrive. To achieve this, Zara controls more of its manufacturing than do most retailers: About half its clothes are made in Spain or nearby countries. For Zara, its supply chain is its competitive advantage. Zara’s expanding global reach could finally put its Iberian Peninsula-based ecosystem to the test. Spain has always been its biggest market. But in 2013, China surpassed France to become its second-largest in terms of the number of stores (142). Expansion in China offers challenges for every retailer. And it could put the Spanish clothier in a singular predicament, because Zara is a global company that doesn’t act locally. “The secret to their success has been centralization,” says Felipe Caro, an associate professor at the University of California at Los Angeles’s Anderson School of Management and a business adviser to the company. “They can make decisions in a very coordinated manner.” Zara’s ability to control its inventory from Arteixo is a key piece of its business model. “As soon as they decide to localize, to have two...
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