...Network Attached Storage Network Attached Storage (NAS) is a dedicated hard drive which is set up with its own network address and provides file-level data storage services to other devices on the network. It allows both programming and files to be served faster because they are not competing for processor resources. NAS usually configured with a web browser and do not require a keyboard, mouse or monitor. Unlike other external hard drives, NAS has a processor. Some NAS devices will run using standard operating system like MS Windows, many other NAS devices use their own proprietary operating system. A NAS can store any data that appears in form of files, including email boxes, Web content, remote system backups, etc… Overall the use of a NAS parallels those traditional file servers. NAS devices come in many varieties depending on you build it or purchase it from a vendor. The speed is usually 1GB Ethernet connection but it can be changed to multiple GB to 10GB, fiber optic by adding PCI-e network cards. The capacity range also can be varied. If you have a port replication and add-on hardware drive controller cards, there really isn’t a limit on size. For example: if you have a board with 6 SATA ports which can be replicated (1 to 5 port) allowing 30 drives to be attached. Then if 3TB drives were used in RAID 50 that would be 72TB of storage capacity. As far as fault tolerance, RAID 50 can be quite stable if it’s set-up correctly. While RAID 10 is one of the best set-ups...
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...Network management systems are giving IT professional an advantage on their own networks. This is giving them access to software and hardware at a moment’s notice without leaving the comfort of their desk or home. The NMS consists of a set of software and hardware tools that is integrated into the network. This management system is able to identify devices that are on the network. The NMS can also be used to monitor all devices and rate how the device is performing and if it is matching the device expectations. This system can track the performance of the bandwidth, if there was any packet loss, and the performance of all the routers/switches. The network management system will give the IT department notifications if anything seems to be off with the network. This will give the IT personnel time to isolate or fix before the problem effects the network (Hale, 2013). Cisco is a big company that has a very large network. They manage millions of endpoint devices and with a huge network that require a significant amount of monitoring from the IT department. “Cisco Connected Grid Network Management System is a software platform that helps to enable a clear separation between communications network management and utility operational applications. These include Distribution Management System (DMS), Outage Management System (OMS), and Meter Data Management (MDM)” (Cisco Connected Grid Network Management System, 2014). This management system can monitor multiple networks and all of...
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...(17114536) 3/31/14 Physical Network Unit 3 Assignment 1 Hierarchical Star – An optimal network-on-chip (NoC) topology, hierarchical star topology, that uses the star graphs as building blocks is presented for high-performance system-on-chip (SoC) Design. Its topological properties are compared with the topologies in the same category in terms of various performance metrics including diameter, cost, fault tolerance, fault diameter etc. It has been shown that the hierarchical star topology is an optimal NoC topology. Simultaneously, popular and interesting topologies are compared in practical terms of energy consumption and area cost. Considering the energy and area cost together, the hierarchical star topology is the most energy-efficient and cost-effective topology. Bus – A signal from the source travels in both directions to all machines connected on the bus cable until it finds the intended recipient. If the machine address does not match the intended address for the data, the machine ignores the data. Alternatively, if the data matches the machine address, the data is accepted Ring – A network topology that is set up in a circular fashion in which data travels around the ring in one direction and each device on the ring acts as a repeater to keep the signal strong as it travels. Each device incorporates a receiver for the incoming signal and a transmitter to send the data on to the next device in the ring. The network is dependent on the ability of the signal to travel...
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...Date: 01/22/2014 Network Management System Student: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Professor: xxxxxx Course: Network 420 DEVRY UNIVERSITY Brief Introduction Network management systems have to be geared toward the work flow of the organization in which they will be utilized and be careful with remote external attack, as many hackers usually aim there attack at service offered to the public. Which means Network management systems department must provide protection to the business' data, with a smooth operation benefits for employees accessing those data. As we know Network management system is based on Client/Server paradigm normally requires transferring large amount of data between the manager and agents, which will consume large amount of data as bandwidth and cause a processing bottleneck at the manager. It become problem and complicated as the Network grow. According to our textbook, Management interoperability, management function, and management layers capture different technical aspects of network management. However, network management also involves a nontechnical . INTRODUCTION Network management systems have to be geared toward the work flow of the organization in which they will utilized the components of the network such as the ( manager, MIB, RMON and Probe ) to secure their organization data. And not forgetting to be mindful of remote external attack, as many hackers usually aim there attack at service offered to the public. Which means Network management department...
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...7.1.1 Cost and manpower and materials would be enormous. 7.1.2 Signal lost would affect transmission by increasing distances. 7.1.3 UTP is used for LAN’s as well as phone lines. Coaxial cables are also useful for internet connection. 7.1.4 Satellite is a way of creating a network over long distances. WiMAX, is a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL. HSPA+, enhances the widely used WCDMA (UMTS) based 3G network with higher speeds for the end user. 7.1 Review 1) UTP and Coaxial cables can be used if signal enhancers are placed at correct distances. 2) WLAN’s are limited to shorter distances due to signal interference from attenuation and objects between the AP and devices. 7.2.1 Dedicated lease lines are very effective in transmission, but can be costly. 7.2.2 Full mesh topologies are good for no fault networking. Creating it can be difficult to maintain and assemble. Partial mesh is good when every computer is not important in the network. 7.2.3 Star topologies are great for small LAN’s. But, they have a high level of fault error in the system. 7.2.4 T1 uses 24 DSO channels, E1 has a speed of 2048 Mbps, E3 has 16 E1 channels, T3 has 43,736 Mbps and 28 DS1 channels. 7.2 Review 1) PPP allows their frames to flow from the customer router to the ISP router. A control protocol is used to set a standard everyone can understand. 2) LAN’s tend to have more immediate clients...
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...NFS (Network File system) IPtables NFS protocol was developed by SUN microsystems using UNIX. NFS allows severs to share local directories with client systems. NFS runs on UNIX, DOS, Microsoft, VMS, Linux and more. NFS allows a client to access files on a remote server. The client user is usually unaware on the storage location on the file they are using. NFS reduces the storage needs used on the client and aids in the administration work load. With an NFS the file system stored on a remote server and the directory is shared over a local network. The server has a large capacity disk drive and device so that copies for file can be backed up with a problem. Diskless systems boot from the file server and load the system from a fileserver. Because a diskless client doesn’t require much to run a file server system you can use older machine as clients. Other options for NFS for Linux are netboot and dataless system. Netboot uses TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) that runs PXE (Preboot Execution Environment) a boot server for Intel. Dataless systems allow the user to store all files remotely but only Linux based applications can be kept on the disk. IPtables are composed of two components netfilter and IPtables. Netfilter a set of tables that hold rules the kernel uses to control network packet filtering. IPtables set up, maintain, and displays the rules stored by netfilter. Rules use one more categories matches or classified with single action. The rule that applies to the...
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...Telephone and Data Networks The corporate main office is in Ohio. The office at this location uses Avaya Digital Phone System and is connected to a Cisco 10 MB Hub. All equipments in this location get access to the Avaya Digital Phone System through the 10 MB Hub. The plant at the Ohio location has set up different workstations; each workstation has a wireless bar code, scanner, shipper, and telephone. The office in California is currently using Private Branch eXchange System PBX system as communication system, routing incoming calls to the appropriate extension in the office. The California office uses The Plain Old Telephone Service POTS, with and intercom. The current POTS does not have caller ID nor does Voice Mail. All the connection phones in California’s office are connected to the PBX. The plant in California uses a different phone system than the California office. The California Plant uses the Nortel Digital Phone System. The phone system is Voice-over-IP, which is VOIP; basically this phone system is connected to an Ethernet connection. The office in Missouri is currently using Avaya Digital Phone System; this system is connected to a Cisco 10MB Hub. The Avaya Digital Phone System connects all the phones and faxes in the location. The plant at the Missouri location has set up different workstations. Each workstation has a wireless bar code scanner, printer, shipper, and a telephone. All the workstations are connected to the Cisco 10 MB Hub. The office at...
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...Introduction: Global Positioning System, GPS Summary of key findings: Google, ALZ.org, Wikipedia, In a nutshell describing GPS - A navigational system involving satellites and computers that can determine the latitude and longitude of a receiver on Earth by computing the time difference for signals from different satellites to reach the receiver. Today, it is widely used by the civilian public for both commercial and recreational use. In addition to GPS, other systems are in use or under development. The Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) was in use by only the Russian military, until it was made fully available to civilians in 2007. The navigational signals transmitted by GPS satellites encode a variety of information including satellite positions, the state of the internal clocks, and the health of the network. These signals are transmitted on two separate carrier frequencies that are common to all satellites in the network. Two different encodings are used: a public encoding that enables lower resolution navigation, and an encrypted encoding used by the U.S. military. So in 20 years you can just imagine where this will lead… As of December 2013, there are 32 satellites in the GPS constellation. The additional satellites improve the precision of GPS receiver calculations by providing redundant measurements. With the increased number of satellites, the constellation was changed to a non-uniform...
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...35%-50%/year decreases in the cost per byte. In recent years, the amount of storage sold almost doubled each year and is expected to sustain annual growth of at least 60%. Secondary storage has a healthy place in future computer systems. While many storage products are directly attached to personal computers, most disk array products (65% and rising) are deployed in local area network file servers. This centralization of storage resources enables effective sharing, better administrative control and less redundancy. However, it also increases dependence on network and file server performance. With the emergence of high-performance cluster systems based on commodity personal computers and scalable network switching, rapidly increasing demands on storage performance are anticipated. Specifically, storage performance must cost-effectively scale with customer investments in client processors, network links and storage capacity. Unfortunately, current distributed file system architectures severely limit scalable storage. In current distributed file systems, all storage bytes are copied through file server machines between peripheral buses (typically SCSI) and client LANs. In essence, these file server machines act as application-level inter-network routers, converting namespaces (disk block versus file range) and protocol layers (SCSI versus RPC/UDP/IP). This is a critical limitation for cost-effective scalable storage. Specifically, the sustained bandwidth of storage...
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...Address Class Historical Significance of the address classes: Class A: the first of the address classes, which is responsible for the value ranges of IP from 0-126 and also has 16,177,214 hosts. It also has 256 networks and the most significant bits are 0000. Class B: The second of the address classes, which is responsible for the value ranges of IP from 128-191. It also has 65,534 hosts and 65,536 networks. The most significant bits are 1000 and it is also a common class among most IP addresses. Class C: the third of the address classes, which is responsible for the value ranges of IP from 192-223 the most significant bits are 1100. It only has 254 hosts but it also has 16,177,216 networks since a lot of people have their IP addresses starting with 192.xxx.xxx.xx. Class D: the fourth of the address classes, which is responsible for the value ranges of IP from 224-239. Its most significant bits are 1110, and it does not have any networks or hosts because this class is rarely considered since the start of IP addresses don’t often start with 224 and above. Class E: the fifth of the address classes, which is responsible for the value ranges of IP from 240 and above. The significant bits of this class are 1111 and just as Class D does not have any hosts or networks, the same is with this class since IP addresses do not go above 192 usually. http://www.inetdaemon.com/tutorials/internet/ip/addresses/classful.shtml Address space A: the value range is from 0-126 so that means...
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...Chapter (Self-test Objective) Question # 1: What kinds of issues does system administration cover? Answer: As we discussed in class, a Network System Administrator has to be knowledgeable, has to have customer service skills to be stay calm & collected when a complaint occurs, and must be able to rectify the problem. As the course text book “Principles of Network and System Administration”, by author Mark Burgess mentions in chapter #1 section 1.6 The challenges of system administration : “System administration is not just about installing operating systems. It is about planning and designing an efficient community of computers so that real users will be able to get their jobs done. That means: • Designing a network which is logical and efficient. • Deploying large numbers of machines which can be easily upgraded later. • Deciding what services are needed. • Planning and implementing adequate security. • Providing a comfortable environment for users. • Developing ways of fixing errors and problems which occur. • Keeping track of and understanding how to use the enormous amount of knowledge which increases every year.” The author also mentions that some of the Network System Administrators are responsible for both the hardware of the network and the computers which it connects, i.e. the cables as well as the computers and some are only responsible for the computers. Most importantly a System Administrator must have an understanding of how data flows from machine...
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...AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT ITSA 255 – Information Systems Security Assignment 4 – Network System Administrator Tools/Utilities Students are to perform independent Internet research and write a short paragraph describing the functionality and utilization for each of the following Network System Administrator Tools/Utilities: * FileZilla FileZilla is a cross platform File Transfer Protocol (FTP) application software that allows the ability to transfer multiple files over the internet. It is made up of a FileZilla client and a FileZilla server. It is available for use with Windows, Linux and MAC OSX. It supports FTP, SFTP (SSH File Transfer protocol), FTPS (FTP secure). Some of the features include support in IPv6, Drag and Drop, Filename feature, Remote file editing, FTP proxy support and much more. It includes two methods to invoke security which is the explicit method and implicit method. Many bug fixes and vulnerability patches were made over the initial release of June 22, 2001. * Nessus Nessus is a open source cross-platform network vulnerability scanner software developed by Tenable Network Security. First introduced during 1998; it was created to be used as a free remote security scanner to the internet community. It allows for various scanning which scans a computer and raises an alert if it discovers any vulnerability that hackers could use to gain access to a computer that is connected to a network. Nessus scans for a certain range of vulnerabilities...
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...Cisco Network Management System NETW-420 Enterprise Network Mgmt Professor Introduction Cisco uses the International Organization for Standardization network management model which defines five functional areas of Network management. The model consists of Fault Management, Configuration Management, Performance Management, Security Management, and Accounting Management. In this paper we will cover the models five functional areas. Fault Management Fault management detects, logs, notifies users of, and tries to automatically fix network problems to keep the network running effectively. Fault management is perhaps the most widely implemented of the ISO network management elements. The reason is because faults can cause downtime or unacceptable network degradation. Fault Management uses a network management platform deployed in an enterprise infrastructure that consists of multivendor network elements. Network management platforms can be viewed as the main console for network operations in detecting faults in the infrastructure. The platform receives and processes events from network elements in the network. Events from servers and other critical resources can also be forwarded to a management platform. A standard management platform consists of Network discovery, Topology mapping of network elements, Event handler, and Performance data collector and graphed. Configuration Management Configuration management monitors network and system configuration...
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...Interested in learning more about security? SANS Institute InfoSec Reading Room This paper is from the SANS Institute Reading Room site. Reposting is not permitted without express written permission. Taking advantage of Ext3 journaling file system in a forensic investigation AD Copyright SANS Institute Author Retains Full Rights Taking advantage of Ext3 journaling file system in a forensic investigation fu ll r igh ts. Taking advantage of Ext3 journaling file system in a forensic investigation rr eta ins GCFA Gold Certification Author: Gregorio Narváez, gnarvae@yahoo.com Adviser: Paul Wright th 07 ,A ut ho Accepted: December 30 , 2007 © SA NS In sti tu te 20 Key fingerprint = AF19 FA27 2F94 998D FDB5 DE3D F8B5 06E4 A169 4E46 Gregorio Narváez © SANS Institute 2007, 1 As part of the Information Security Reading Room Author retains full rights. Taking advantage of Ext3 journaling file system in a forensic investigation TABLE OF CONTENT 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Lab Setup .................................................................................................................................... 3 2. EXT3FS JOURNAL FUNDAMENTALS......................................................................................... 4 fu ll r igh ts. 2.1...
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...My field of study is Network Systems Administrations. I am most interested in networking technology. I currently understand very little about networking, which is to say I understand the functionality but not how it works. The topic I chose was Home-linking Technology. The article I read was “Dual Band Router leverages 802.11ac wireless standard.” from the Product News Network. The article started by describing the speed of the new 802.11ac router. Equipped with the Broadcom 5 GHz WI-Fi chip, the Cloud Router 5700 can deliver speeds up to 1750 Mbps. Its predecessor, the 802.11n has vendor promised speeds of up to 600 Mbps. The Cloud Router also supports wireless HD streaming and multi-person online gaming. It allows users to monitor and control your network remotely. In addition the 5700 provides support of the IPv6 standard and is backwards compatible so the previous generation 802.11n will not become obsolete. I also learned new terminology; IEEE- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. It is listed as “the world’s largest professional association dedicated to advancing technological innovation and excellence for the benefit of humanity.” 802.11- Set of standards for implementing wireless local area network (WLAN) computer communication in the 2.4, 3.6 and 5GHz frequency bands. SPI Firewall- (Stateful Packet Inspection) is a firewall that keeps track of the state of the network connections traveling across it. WPA2- (Wi-Fi Protected Access II) is...
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