NETWORKING
(Author’s name)

(Institutional Affiliation)

Telecommunication networks and OSI Telecommunications network is an assemblage of links and connecting points where several lines join together which are capable of conveying data, visual and audio activities of conveying information. Besides, audio connectivity, it also includes internet, forms of telephony and wireless equipment. Telecommunication network serve to provide efficient transmittance of data from original point to destination point, for example, a telephone call. Usually, the process that allows users to act together in a real time manner takes place within seconds. Public switched telephone network, internet and private computer networks are common forms of telecommunicating network. These are used in voice and visual communications and in businesses. A telecommunicating network is made up of terminals, computers, links, equipment and software of telecommunication. These are important in accessing the network, channeling transmitted information and regulating conveyance of messages over networks. Telecommunication network can be set up as wide area network which allows for reliable and controlled transmission of information between nodes that are geographically distant. This network model is used by most businesses across the world. Local area network provides more secure same information as in a wide area network on a small geographical area. It provides capabilities of phones, data and internet within a near geographical location. Virtual private networks make panoptic use of the internet in maintaining and creating connectivity. To ensure that it is secure, communications are encrypted. The scope of telecommunicating network advances with advancements in communications. Also, cloud computing, server virtualization, remote monitoring and digital broadcasting are forms of telecommunication network. An open system interconnection model is a networking underlying structure for enforcing procedures of action in seven layers. Ascendance is passed from one layer to another from the application layer to the bottom layer over the different channels. The physical layer is the first layer that describes optical and electrical signals used for communicating. It is a layer that is mainly concerned with physical characteristics of optical signaling proficiencies, for example, voltage of electrical current, media type, synchronization among others. This layer is limited to processes that put communication signals over a medium to receive signals. The data link layer is the second layer of an open system interconnection and it resides over the physical layer and it is responsible for providing validity on an end to end basis of data transmission. It is divided into two logical sub layers; media access control and logical link control. The media access control addresses physical issues of the host and it maintains physical device addresses that communicate with other devices in a network. On the other hand, the logical link control is credit worthy for adjustment frames, checking of probable errors and ensuring control of flow. The third layer is the network or IP layer which is responsible for management of coherent addressing information in packets and ensures successful delivery of packets into the correct destinations. Routers in this layer are used to build networks, and to generate data packet by the layer using data stored in a routing table. The layer is important in working with consistent addresses which are unique in identifying a computer on a network. The fourth layer is the transport layer that provides transparent conveyance of raw information between hosts or end users. This is consistent with its responsibility for error recovery and regulation of flow which ensures complete transfer of information. The fifth layer is the session layer that establishes handles and ends connections between different links. Besides, it sets up, coordinates and ends dialogues between apps at each end. The presentation or syntax layer is the sixth layer that translates data from application to network format. It transforms data in a format that is acceptable to the application layer or the seventh layer. The seventh layer is the application layer that supports end users processes and supports applications. The contents of the layer are application specific because it provides services that facilitate emails, file transfers and network software services (Kim & Solomon, 2010).
Future of mobile and telephone networks New network possibilities have been created by a combination of digitalization, broadband capabilities and the computing power in industries. Network use is growing at a rate of between 10% and 20% and this growth is considered so high to an extent that it threatens to fill existing networks to overwhelming capacities. In this regard, the telephone and computer networks will not remain distinct because of the changes that have been seen in information technology, for example, merging of computer and telephone networks. In future, the distinction between the networks will not be clear because there is no certainty on how to think about it (Marx, 1995).
Network media Network media is a path over which electrical signals move from one component to another. The different network media are twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fibre optic cable and wireless. Since the current fibre optic cables are nearing their limits in regards to quantity of streams of data, new innovations and cables with higher bandwidth are bound to arise in the future to avert the situation thereby leading to a future poof sharing of data. In future, light signals are bound to be encoded and new fibres developed. The wireless industry is in a continuous process of transformation which has been adopted by different companies, for example, face book. In this regard, wireless will develop in a manner that facilitates management of multiple launchers because of expected influx of competitors in this segment. This is a characteristic of continued growth in delivery of innovative services (Webb, 2007).
Differences among LANS, WANS, CANS, and MANS A local area network (LAN) is a group of network devices and computers connected usually within a building. There is need for the connections to be high speed and cheap, for example, Ethernet. In contrast, a metropolitan area network (MAN) is a large area network that bridges several buildings in a town, for example, IUB network. On the other hand, a wide area network (WAN) is not constrained to a geographical area. It connects several local area networks and it might be restricted to a building or available to the public. It is usually high speed and expensive, for example, internet. Campus area network (CAN) is different with LAN, WAN and MAN because it utilizes several tiny local area networks that are connected to several buildings within a small expanse, for example, within a campus.
Business uses of internet services and protocols Voice over internet protocol (VoIP) is a technology that facilitates communication over internet protocols. VoIP is important to businesses in maximizing existing basic structure of a system without additional expenses. The internet services and protocols enhance seamless and efficient operations. It makes more efficient application of channels of communication than traditional telephony. The efficiency of the internet services and protocols is evident in advertising. Advertising over the internet is more interactive, informative and educative. It is also used to communicate with people that the business needs by generating interest and creating cognizance of the existence of a business and its products or services. Also, it is used in sale of company products and services. Electronic trade reduces costs, and leads to creation of new products.

References
David Kim, M. G. (2010). Fundamentals Of Information Systems Security. Massachusetts: Jones

& Bartlett Publishers.

Marx, G. T. (1995). The Road to the Future . Scientific American, Triumph of Discovery , 1-23.

Webb, W. (2007). Wireless Communications: The Future. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.