...CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Structural materials can be categorized in many ways in many different ways. One of the most common is by the nature of their failure. Materials, such as steel, after reaching their elastic limit, deform plastically before failing. Such materials, where reasonably large plastic strains are observed, are broadly categorized as ductile. On the other hand, those materials that exhibit little or no plasticity are in contrast termed brittle. In structural design, ductile materials are usually preferred, because failure is rarely sudden and catastrophic. Once the material has yielded, large observable strains will occur before total collapse of a structure. Steel, the most common primary structural building material, generally behaves in a ductile fashion. However, during the World War II, over 200 steel ships suffered serious brittle fracture, often at relatively low stress levels. It was observed that brittle behavior, in normally ductile materials, almost always occurs in regions of elastic stress concentration, where some constraint exists to prevent plastic stress redistribution (McGuire, 1968) Following these experiences, designers realized that brittle fracture in steel could be avoided by sensible detailing. This is also true of reinforced concrete. Concrete itself, is a brittle composite, but with the addition of reinforcements concrete it behaves in a ductile fashion. In an earthquake-prone areas, where designing for ductility...
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...Theory: Forming process are solid state manufacturing processes involving minimum amount of material wastage and faster production. It does have been one of the common methods in formation of product in multi shape and size. In fact some of casting product will undergoes forming process to achieve more precise shape. In metal forming, transformation to desire shape is done at solid state and usually required high forces. If the temperature is below crystallization temperature, it is called ‘cold work’. Large force is applied such that the material flows and takes the desired shape. These processes are normally used for large scale production rates. It is also generally economical and many cases improve the mechanical properties. Some of the metals forming process are rolling, forging, extrusion, drawing, sheet metal forming and bending. In fabrication of metal dustbin, below process forming process are involved. a. Sheet Metal Cutting -Sheet metal cutting can be done by shearing operation. Shearing is the mechanical cutting of material without the formation of chips or the use of burning or melting. When sheets of metal are to be sheared along a straight line, squaring shears are frequently used. As the upper ram descends, a clamping bar or set of clamping fingers presses the sheet of metal against the machine table to hold firmly in formation. A moving blade then comes down across a fixed blade and shears the metal. On larger shears, the moving blade is often set...
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...International Review of Business Research Papers Vol.2. No.4. December 2006, Pp. 39-50 eBusiness-Process-Personalization using Neuro-Fuzzy Adaptive Control for Interactive Systems Zunaira Munir1 , Nie Gui Hua2 , Adeel Talib3 and Mudassir Ilyas4 ‘Personalization’, which was earlier recognized as the 5th ‘P’ of e-marketing , is now becoming a strategic success factor in the present customer-centric e-business environment. This paper proposes two changes in the current structure of personalization efforts in ebusinesses. Firstly, a move towards business-process personalization instead of only website-content personalization and secondly use of an interactive adaptive scheme instead of the commonly employed algorithmic filtering approaches. These can be achieved by applying a neuro-intelligence model to web based real time interactive systems and by integrating it with converging internal and external e-business processes. This paper presents a framework, showing how it is possible to personalize e-business processes by adapting the interactive system to customer preferences. The proposed model applies Neuro-Fuzzy Adaptive Control for Interactive Systems (NFACIS) model to converging business processes to get the desired results. Field of Research: Marketing, e-business 1. Introduction: As Kasanoff (2001) mentioned, the ability to treat different people differently is the most fundamental form of human intelligence. "You talk differently to your boss than to...
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...Donald Hebb * Wanted to be a Writer Unlike Physicist Parents * At 33 was a Fellow at Montreal Neurological Institute * Absent Stimulation Causes Deterioration and Hallucinations * First Non-American to Win APA Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award * Had an Award for Canadian Scientists Named after Himself Donald Hebb decided at an early age he did not want to be a Physicist like his parents. He had other aspirations, he wanted to write and study. At the age of 33, Hebb received a position at the Montreal Neurological Institute as a research fellow (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2009). The research Hebb conducted ultimately contributed greatly to the modern knowledge of the brain. He discovered, when there is an absence of stimulation the resulting product is the brain has more difficulty in its ability to problem solve and even to concentrate (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2009). The absence causes deterioration in the ability to do things quickly and efficiently, causing extreme difficulty. Hebb has even reported a few people who said they had experienced hallucinations from the absence of stimulation (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2009). Hebb’s research was extremely helpful in the studies of airplane pilots and of truck drivers. Many of these workers had reported having hallucinations while on the job. Hebb discovered the hallucinations were due to the fact they were not experiencing enough mental stimulation to keep their brains alert and active. From the age...
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...Neuro-Linguistic Programming and Performance The definition of social phenomena according to Markey (2007) is “including all behavior which influences or is influenced by organisms sufficiently alive to respond to one another”. Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) is a set of rules and techniques proposed for modifying behavior in achieving self-improvement, self-management and more effective interpersonal communication (Business Dictionary). The society is made up of people at different social levels. Most of the people at the top of the social ladder self-confess to the use of NLP to enhance their performance in their various endeavors and therefore in their social life. The term NLP is derived from how senses filter and process experience before storing it in the brain for the word neuro, the use of words, symbols and images create mental pictures (linguistic) and how desired behaviors and attitudes become ingrained (programming) (Business Dictionary). NLP is known to be useful in the enabling of people to develop behaviors such as to take effective action in spite of fear, to behave with confidence in any situation, to create positive, pervasive changes, to rapidly acquire skills and strategies and to achieve goals elegantly and easily. In this information age, communication is what industrial technology was in the technological age. The ability to communicate with people at different levels is a determinant factor in the achievement of success. Given the materialistic nature...
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...NLP (Neuro-Linguistic Programming) NLP is defined as a practical model of the processes we experience to experience reality. NEURO refers to how our mind perceive the information through our five senses ( Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic, Olfactory, Gustatory) LINGUISTIC refers to how we understand and interpret information through verbal and nonverbal communication PROGRAMMING refers to how we re-present the perceived message in our mind and how it manifests into behaviour. This model can then be analyzed to eliminate any problems faced by the individual. We can also model the positive or successful aspects of our behavior or those of another person, and reproduce that model and apply on our negative aspects in order to change or improve them. HISTORY: NLP originated when Richard Bandler, a student at University of California, Santa Cruz, was listening to and selecting portions of taped therapy sessions of the late Gestalt therapist Fritz Perls as a project for Robert Spitzer.[18][19] Bandler believed he recognized particular word and sentence structures which facilitated the acceptance of Perls' therapeutic suggestions. Bandler took this idea to one of his university lecturers, John Grinder, a linguist. Together they studied Perls' via tape and observed a second therapist Virginia Satir to produce what they termed the meta model, a model for gathering information and challenging a client's language and underlying thinking.[20] The meta model was presented in 1975 in two volumes...
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...NLP: CONNECTOR BETWEEN MANAGER AND SUBORDINATE Palwasha Khan Sana Iqbal Sundus Younis Faculty of Engineering Management Center of Advance Studies in Engineering (CASE) Abstract: Neuro Linguistic Programming is thought to be an advance communication tool which incorporates Human cognition, behavioral contour, and unconscious verbal/nonverbal patterns in order to understand the way information is being perceived, processed and acted upon by the individual and how he interact with his environment including the human factor. It is continuously being probed for its impact over successful human interactions and relationship. Usage of NLP in business world is still unexplored in certain aspects. This research paper is meant to study the impact of appropriate NLP techniques over the relationships that typically exist between managers and subordinates. Using a survey questionnaire, data is being collected from employees of a variety of organizations and found out that though mostly, NLP is unconsciously applied in managerial sector, it does play its role in improving the perceived manager-subordinate relationship, through improving the trustworthiness of the managers and the social bonding that exist between the managers and their subordinates. NLP also impacts to a lesser degree upon the feedback process and participative management style of the manager. Currently managers give more credit to importance of NLP techniques in better relationship building than the subordinates....
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...ing manualTHE NLP PROFESSIONAL PRACTITIONER MANUAL Official Certification Manual Updated with the most recent NLP developments and techniques By Dr Marco Paret & Matt Traverso 2008 Dr Marco Paret & Matt Traverso – Copyleft Licence 1 Table of Contents THE NLP PROFESSIONAL PRACTITIONER MANUAL .............................. 1 Neurological Levels.............................................................................. 4 A Model of Communication and Personality ......................................... 5 Deletion ............................................................................................. 6 Distortion ........................................................................................... 6 Generalisation ..................................................................................... 6 Meta-programs ................................................................................... 6 Values ............................................................................................... 7 Beliefs................................................................................................ 7 Memories ........................................................................................... 7 Decisions............................................................................................ 7 Representational Systems ................................................................... 8 Lead & Primary Systems ..........................
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...about neuro-plasticity is and how the idea behind game training is surrounded around the basis of neuro-plasticity. He later talks about the idea of brain training and how it has become a large business over a very short period of time. He then goes on asking whether these apps or methods actually work and improve the users skills or not, he answers with his own point of view saying that according to him these apps do not work the way they have been described to work by the developers. He further goes on to support his views by sharing some statistics from surveys conducted in different universities. However he mentions that certain apps and techniques have shown results in the age group 60+. He concludes his article by mentioning that general video games that require reflex and decision making skills seemed to have a far better effect than brain training apps, so he advises us not to waste our time and money on these apps as they are not a quick fix to making us smarter. In this essay I am going to analyze Etchells (2016) article about brain training and give my personal opinion and discuss about the points I agree and disagree with. Reading the article it is clear that Etchells(2016) target audience are students of all ages who believe that instead of studying, these apps will make them sharper and smarter. The purpose of the author is to shed some light on the fact that these apps do not work the way they are advertised to, he achieves this by discussing about neuro-plasticity...
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...Brain connectivity is one of the most enigmatic question posed to neuro-biologists. The establishment of this intricate network in prenates and neonates brain is influenced in equal measures by environmental and biological factors. In it's extension, certain environmental stimulation boost the parameters for improved brain connectivity. One such factor is auditory stimulation. It is widely believed that use of such stimulation increases cognitive functions. With the present understanding of the underlying mechanism use of auditory stimulation can be used for reprogramming brain connectivity. Studies indicate the effective reprogramming in psychiatric disorders such as autism and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and ALS, where...
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...Information and Understanding ABSTRACT Alzheimer’s disease slowly deteriorates the brain, causing loss of both memory and the ability to control emotion. This review will discuss possible indicators, hypothesized causes, and both current and experimental treatments of Alzheimer’s. The disease mostly affects people over the age of 60 but can occur earlier. The problem with detecting Alzheimer’s early is that there are no clear indicators, and the changes in the brain progress before symptoms in the patient are visible. It’s hypothesized that the main cause of Alzheimer’s is neuronal plasticity and a build up of plaques. The plasticity leads to neuron tangles, causing blocks in synaptic signaling. Research on assays for detecting amyloid-beta ligands and disease treatments will need to involve human trails for future investigation. KEY WORDS: Alzheimer’s disease, neuronal plasticity, Tau-directed Therapy, amyloid-beta ligands, dementia INTRODUCTION Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a deteriorating disease of the brain that attacks neurons throughout the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus.1,2 The deterioration the cerebral cortex leads to the impairment of a person’s ability to control emotion, coordination, and the ability to comprehend configurations.6 The loss of memory caused by AD comes from the deterioration of the hippocampus.5 Alzheimer’s is most common in people 65 years or older, however for people with early onset Alzheimer’s disease, signs can begin to appear...
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...Understanding the Gift of Consciousness 2008 Timothy Lynch COMP 111 5/14/2008 The brain is the most complex and most fundamental of all the human organs. It is the essence of life. It is the vehicle through which man perceives reality, experiences, interprets his body’s sensory information, and coordinates all communication through billions of neural connections to various organs and systems, regulating and maintaining homeostasis (processes for maintaining internal stability). One’s experiences of life, their acquired skills, and the lessons learned are contained within a brain’s wrinkled, corrugated, and almost alien structures as memories. Two main categories of memory exist independently and simultaneously, short-term and long-term. Short-term, also known as working memory, is the mind’s way of temporarily storing any relevant information and task-specific data. There are at least two varieties of Short-term memory. One of the memory types is called by the name ‘phonological loop.’ This is how your brain stores linguistically encoded information for short periods of time (only seconds). The other is the visuospatial sketchpad, the mind’s way of maintaining, its visuospatial relationship(s) for the same short time as the phonological loop.(Foster, 972). The alternative memory format is Long-term or, declarative memory. The three inherent and pre-determined protocols the brain uses to remain functioning to translate a person’s experiences as this...
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...Action Video Games. Current Biology 22:R197–R206. Hsieh, H., Lin, H., Chiu, W., Meng, L., & Liu, C. K. (2016, March 3). Upper-Limb Rehabilitation with Adaptive Video Games. Retrieved April 25, 2017, from http://www.terapeutas-ocupacionales.es/assets/files/COPTOA/Bibliotecavirtual/AJOT/Julio-Agosto 15/6904290020p1.pdf Hsieh, H.-C. (2008). Effects of ordinary and adaptive toys on pre-school children with developmental disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 29, 459–466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2007.08.004 Li, Renjie, Uri Polat, Walter Makous, and Daphne Bavelier. 2009. “Enhancing the Con- trast Sensitivity Function through Action Video Game Training.” Nature Neuro- science 12:549–51 Li, Roger W., Charlie Ngo, Jennie Nguyen, and Dennis M. Levi. 2011. “Video-Game Play Induces Plasticity in the Visual System of Adults with Amblyopia.” PLoS Biology 9. Torres, Ana Carla Seabra. 2011. “Cognitive Effects of Video Games on Old People.” International Journal on Disability and Human Development 10:55–58. Trick, Lana M., Fern Jaspers-Fayer, and Naina Sethi. 2005. “Multiple-Object Tracking in Children: The ‘Catch the Spies’ Task.” Cognitive Development 20:373–87. ...
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...is continually linked to savant syndrome. Calendar calculating and musical skill can not be tied to superior memory skills found in all autistic savants (Hermelin, 2001). Some savants are shown to have eidetic imagery, which is the ability to retain an accurate, detailed visual image of a complex scene or pattern, while others are not (Kennedy & Squire, 2007). Eidetic imagery is considered to be more from brain damage than savant syndrome (Donnelly, n.d.). Forms of Savant Syndrome Savant syndrome comes in two forms, genetic or procured. Most autistic talents transpire during childhood and adolescence with an overshadowing learning disability discovered at childbirth. In some instances, savant skills do not emerge until someone has a neuro injury, or disease later in life (Treffert, 1989). Some studies have shown that elderly people with frontal temporal dementia acquire savant skills (Miller et al. 2000). With these findings, damage to the central nervous system could be a key variable of savant syndrome. (Fabricius, T....
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...Second Language Acquisition and the Critical Period Hypothesis Second Language Acquisition Research: Theoretical and Methodological Issues Susan Gass and Jacquelyn Schachter, Editors Monographs on Research Methodology Second Language Acquisition and the Critical Period Hypothesis Edited by David Birdsong University of Texas LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, PUBLISHERS Mahwah, New Jersey London This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2009. To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk. Copyright © 1999 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of the book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microform, retrieval system, or any other means, without prior written permission of the publisher. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers 10 Industrial Avenue Mahwah, NJ 07430 Cover design by Kathryn Houghtaling Lacey Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Second language acquisition and the critical period hypothesis/ edited by David Birdsong. p. cm. — (Second language acquisition research) Chiefly papers presented at a conference held Aug. 1996, Jyväskylä, Finland. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8058-3084-7 (alk. paper) 1. Second language acquisition—Congresses. I. Series. P118.2.S428 1998 401′.93–dc21 98–42609 CIP ISBN 1-4106-0166-8 Master e-book ISBN CONTENTS Credits...
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