...Neurodevelopmental and Neurocognitive Disorders Paper PSY/410 Marice Lynnette Jones 05/09/2016 Karen Wood The brain is a magnificent organ within the human body. The brain controls everything from our movement, involuntary functions, thoughts and emotions. Due to its fragile nature, the brain is protected very well by thick layer of membrane called dura mater and encased by a skull (Butcher, 2014). The main focus for this paper is to describe one neurodevelopmental disorder and one neurocognitive disorder. The behavioral criteria for each disorder will be discussed along with incidence rates and their causes. Options for treatment based on two different theoretical models will as provide a valuable insight for the disorders. Neurodevelopmental disorders refer to a group of conditions that presents itself during the developmental period. These disorders impair development or the central nervous system causing an effect on emotions, learning ability, self-control and memory. The most common neurodevelopmental disorder is ADHD. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder causes children to have trouble paying attention, control impulsive behavior and overly active. There are no known causes or risk factors, however a recent twin research studies have linked ADHD with genes. Along with genes, possible contributors towards ADHD would be injury to the brain, environmental exposures, alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy, premature delivery, and low birth weight (CDC, 2016)....
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...Neurodevelopmental and Neurocognitive Disorders Neurodevelopmental disorders are biological brain disorders that are responsible for early onset brain dysfunctions. There are four primary complication categories with these disorders, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, behavioral problems, and motor dysfunction. The disorders can be genetic or acquired from trauma, heredity, the environment, or illness. One of the disorders covered under this definition would be ADHD, or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. This paper will discuss the behavioral criteria for this disorder, along with the incidence rates, causes, and two treatment options. Neurocognitive disorders are disorders that show a decline in the individual’s cognitive abilities that are observable by others and can be tested with the use of cognitive assessments. The loss of cognitive abilities can be caused from disease, illness, or trauma. The neurocognitive disorders are Delirium, Dementia, and Amnestic. Further discussion will be on dementia from Alzheimer’s. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder If your child has issues with paying attention, difficulty in organizing activities and paying attention to detail, talks excessively, and cannot remain in their seat, they may have ADHD. According to the CDC (2013) the criteria for ADHD would be: Inattention: Six or more symptoms of inattention for children up to age 16, or five or more for adolescents 17 and older and adults; symptoms of inattention...
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...further to identify the developmental periods as childhood and adolescence, early childhood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood. At this point in time, it is formal to simplify various terminologies that relation to human development. This is because they will feature constantly in the preceding sections. First and foremost is development. This is simply a change characterized by movement from one state to another. Usually, development leads to transitions. Development, as will be used in this paper, will refer to growth, and progression through certain stages, commonly termed as “maturity.” Another term of significance is stage. This refers to sections that differentiate the various phases of growth. The phases involve changes which are either physical or intellectual and their subsequent impact on life events and experiences. This paper examines the wider field of lifespan development. It begins by exploring the stages of human development. As regards, the stages, the paper focuses on seven main stages i.e. the infancy stage, early childhood, middle childhood, Adolescence, early adulthood, middle...
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...Olanzapine is an efficacious and well-tolerated atypical antipsychotic indicated for the symptomatic treatment and management of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a chronic, often debilitating and relapsing mental illness that impairs the functioning of a person’s mental and social ability (Gupta & Kulhara, 2010, p. 21). Schizophrenia remains one of the most abtruse and costliest mental disorders, affecting around 1% of the general population and is equally common in men and women (Van Os & Kapur, 2009, p. 635). This chronic psychosis disrupts the person’s life as well as the lives of their family and friends often making it difficult to cope (Van Os & Kapur, 2009, p. 635). Currently, there is no cure for schizophrenia, but the illness can be successfully treated and managed. Antipsychotic drugs remain the pharmacological choice in treating the symptoms of schizophrenia, in particular the atypical antipsychotic olanzapine (Neal, 2009, p. 141). Reports suggest that a chemical transmitter imbalance could explain the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This imbalance involves anomalies within the synaptic dopamine neurotransmission (Neal, 2009, p. 142). The mesocorticolimbic pathway which has an association with the control of behaviour and emotions reveals elevated dopaminergic activity (Bullock & Hales, 2013, p. 321). This particular pathway starts in the midbrain and connects to different areas of the limbic system and cerebral cortex. It also involves the parahippocampal...
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