...client, who has to decide which hand is being touched. With practice, the client can recognize that the left hand is being touched. In some cases, the researcher will touch both hands at exactly the same time. In this case, the client usually ignores that the left one is also being touched and only pays attention to the right hand It is said that over time, in some cases, the sensory, perceptual, and visual understanding of the left side of the body can be resolve and improved in someone with unilateral neglect. The key here is to make sure that the person with unilateral neglect tries to learn how to focus on the left side, eventually leading to improvement in rehabilitation. Just like Oliver Sacks described, the textbook Principles of Neuropsychology describes unilateral neglect as a lack of awareness on the contralateral side of the affected brain region. For those with unilateral neglect, their awareness favors everything on the right while the brain ignores what is on the left. In many cases, individuals believe that everything on the left of their body is not actually a part of their own body. Many times, like Mrs. S., these individuals do not put makeup on the left side of their faces, and some men do not shave there either. In conclusion, many of these patients experience daily struggles and challenges because of their unilateral neglect. These challenges were highlighted by both Sacks and the textbook that was described earlier. Treatment and rehabilitation can help these...
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...Many men are devoted to exercise to bulk up their bodies, but the phrase “use it or lose it” applies to more than just the muscles in our bodies -- it also applies to the neural pathways and connections in our brains. There are a variety of exercises and activities that can successfully work each of the brain’s five major cognitive functions on a daily basis. In addition to the tasks you can perform daily, you can also train your brain with HAPPYneuron online brain games and a personalized brain fitness program. Our minds consist of five main cognitive functions: • memory, • attention, • language, • visual-spatial skills, • and executive function. It’s important to challenge, stimulate and effectively exercise all five areas to stay mentally sharp as our brains age. Here are 5 daily brain exercises that can help you do this. 1- Memory Memory plays a crucial role in all cognitive activities, including reading, reasoning and mental calculation. There are several types of memory at work in the brain. Taken together, these are the cognitive skills we may notice most when they begin to fail. To maintain a good memory, you need to train for it, which can be easier than you think. Listening to music is not only enjoyable, but by choosing a song you don’t know and memorizing the lyrics, you boost the level of acetylcholine, the chemical that helps build your brain, and improve your memory skills. Challenge yourself even more by showering or getting dressed in the dark or using...
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...ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Relationship Between Concussion and Neuropsychological Performance in College Football Players Michael W. Collins, PhD Scott H. Grindel, MD Mark R. Lovell, PhD Duane E. Dede, PhD David J. Moser, PhD Benjamin R. Phalin, BS Sally Nogle, MA, ATC Michael Wasik, MEd, ATC David Cordry, MA Michelle Klotz Daugherty, MA Samuel F. Sears, PhD Guy Nicolette, MD Peter Indelicato, MD Douglas B. McKeag, MD T HE MANAGEMENT OF MILD TRAU- matic brain injury (MTBI; eg, concussion, defined as a traumatically induced alteration in mental status not necessarily resulting in loss of consciousness) in athletics is currently one of the most compelling challenges in sports medicine. Despite the high prevalence1 and potentially serious outcomes2,3 associated with concussion, systematic research on this topic is lacking. Many sports medicine practitioners are not satisfied with current return-to-play and treatment options, which do not appear to be evidence based.4-6 There is also little research examining whether long-term cognitive See also pp 954, 958, 971, 974, and 989. 964 JAMA, September 8, 1999—Vol 282, No. 10 Context Despite the high prevalence and potentially serious outcomes associated with concussion in athletes, there is little systematic research examining risk factors and short- and long-term outcomes. Objectives To assess the relationship between concussion history and learning disability (LD) and the association of these...
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...Concussions in Athletes Patrick Austin DeVry University Concussions in Athletes Junior Seau, a favorite player of many professional football fans, committed suicide in 2012. Although Seau seemed to have everything going his way, he quietly suffered from depression, one of the many symptoms of repeated concussions Those close to Seau knew something was not right the man they all knew and loved. Some of them just chalked it up to him adjusting to life after football. Many players go through an adjustment period after stepping down from a glorious career in the limelight. However, this was not the case with Seau. He was suffering from chronic traumatic encephalopathy, CTE. What is unique about Seau’s suicide is he shot himself in the chest. The common belief is he did this to preserve his brain for scientist to study how it was affected by suffering many concussions during his 20 year football career. And, eight months after his death, the scientists who examined his brain announced they had found evidence of CTE (chronic traumatic encephalopathy), a dire neurological disease linked to concussions, which has been a factor in the deaths of many other NFL players (Penn, 2013). The fact that a player would kill himself because he was suffering from symptoms of repeated concussions speaks to the importance of properly diagnosing and treating head injuries. Other players have suffered from the symptoms of brain trauma. Some, like Dave Dureson, have even taken their own lives. These...
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...Neuropsychology Name: Institution: The working of the human brain is an aspect that many have tried to fathom as well as study in a bid to understand how it works. Many have been taken aback by what they have been able to figure out about the brain and its functions. The brain has over time been regarded as one of the most important organs in the body, and that can be tied to the fact that most bodily functions can be controlled by the single organ. The destruction or the dysfunction of the brain could mean death or even other problems such as mental disorders. The field of memory, cognition and thought are unique areas when it comes to understanding the functioning of the brain. Cognitive psychologists are concerned with being able to study how the brain works as well as why people act as they do. Some areas are involved in the field of neuropsychology with each of them being a crucial pillar. Cognitive neurology deals with studying the mental process such as memory, creativity, thinking and perception (Mohn & Rund, 2016). That means being able to understand the inner workings of the brain and its relation to the mind. Clinical psychology deals with the management as well as the rehabilitation of individuals who have suffered from illnesses as well as injuries that cause neurocognitive problems. That may include post-traumatic stress disorder patients or bipolar disorder patients. The field also covers behavioral neurology which deals with memory, behavior and cognition...
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...Arial 11 point, 1.5 line spacing, normal margins * Estimated page allocation: * INTRODUCTION: approximately half a page * LITERATURE REVIEW: approximately 2 – 3 pages * RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: approximately 2 pages * RESULTS: approximately 1 page * DISCUSSION: approximately 1 page * Scoring rubric: Criteria | Mark | Title | 2 | Table of contents | 3 | Introduction | 5 | Literature review | 20 | Research methodology | 20 | Results | 10 | Discussion | 20 | Language editing | 10 | Referencing and reference list | 10 | TOTAL | 100 | * Note that we use the American Psychological Association’s referencing style in all academic work in Psychology. You can find APA guides in the library, or on the internet. Template for report Title of report: ____________________________ Student name: ______________________ Student number: ____________________ Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION Here I expect students to write a short introduction on time perception, and the research problem. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Suggestions for the literature review include: 3.1 Definition of time perception 3.2 The neuropsychology of time perception 3.3 Zimbardo’s theory of time perception 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 4.4 Research Design Description of single case study design + observation + participant observer 4.5 Participant Short description of the participant, i.e. gender, age, ethnicity...
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...Neuropsychology- Korsakoff Syndrome Case Study Introduction Indicating to Mr C's case study, the patient may have developed Korsakoff syndrome. Korsakoff syndrome is associated with Diencephalic Amnesia which is seen as 'neurological disease'. Patients that are experiencing this condition is highly related to 'heavy alcohol' consumptions over a very long period (Butterworth, 1989). With an alcohol related issue Mr C has clearly been taking alcohol nearly half of his life due to going downhill during some time (Appendix 1), which may have lead to obtaining the syndrome. This is based on biological evidence that heavy alcohol consumption may lead to 'thiamine deficiency' with the brain. Damage occurs in important areas part within the brain, resulting serve short term memory loss where the patient constantly asks the same questions and repeats the same stories (S. Korsakoff). The symptoms of Korsakoff syndrome may appear suddenly within few days. The patients have normal IQs, are alert and attentive, appear motivated, and generally lack other neurological signs of cerebral deficits such as abnormal EEGs. The major sign of Korsakoff syndrome is; memory loss (unable to recall information), difficulty in obtaining new information or learning new skills, change in personality (become unconcerned, lacking of emotional reactions, talkative etc) and confabulation (makeup information they can't remember). researchers .. Korsakoff's syndrome has been studied intensively...
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...PSYCOLOGY Wilhelm Wundt is the man most commonly identified as the father of psychology. Why Wundt? Other people such as Hermann von Helmholtz, Gustav Fechner, and ErnstWeber were involved in early scientific psychology research, so why are they not credited as father of psychology? Because Wundt's formation of the world's first experimental psychology lab is usually noted at the official start of psychology as a separate and distinct science. By establishing a lab that utilized scientific methods to study the human mind and behavior, Wundt took psychology from a mixture of philosophy and biology and made it a unique field of study. Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (16 August 1832 – 31 August 1920) was a German physician, physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the founding figures of modern psychology. Wundt, who noted psychology as a science apart from biology and philosophy, was the first person to ever call himself a Psychologist. He is widely regarded as the "father of experimental psychology".[4][5] In 1879, Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research at the University of Leipzig. This marked psychology as an independent field of study *Introduction of Psycology Psychology is the scientific study of behavior, cognition, and emotion. Psychology is an academic and applied discipline involving the scientific study of mental processes and behavior. Psychology also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres...
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...Dreaming is a fascinating and mysterious study field that has been invigorated by the advancement in brain science in the recent few decades. As the leading psychiatrist who thrives in developing the new dream theory on extensive base of brain science, Allan J. Hobson comes to public attention with his Activation-Synthesis hypothesis. He claims to take up what Sigmund Freud, historically the best known dream investigator, has left off in the brain side of dreaming and, further, to revise this far-reaching dream speculation of Freud’s into a more scientifically valid way. However, as the psychological approach to dreams has been preoccupied with Freud’s dream theory in such an extent that the marching on neurophysiological hypothesis has inevitably brought up an uncomfortable disturbance among psychoanalysts. Dating back to twentieth century, Freud reached to the field of mental functioning based on his clinical observations of dream cases. As his censorship-disguise notion becomes outmoded along with the advancement in brain science, the contemporary Freudian psychologist, Mark Solms comes to the rescue. He tries to validate the theoretical inference that Freud has sketched with the newly released experimental data, drawing mainly from brain imaging and lesion study. In spite of the ongoing attempt to bring psychoanalysis back to its prominent role in dream study, Hobson stresses the fact that no amount of tinkering is going to improve the erroneous Freudian psychoanalysis. Formative...
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...identify the presence of psychological elements in a patient's body. It is applied by the psychiatrists to assess psychiatric problems like hysteria, depression, hypomania, paranoia etc. It is also used by the practitioners to measure the recovery of patients through the application of its clinical and validity scales that are based on different aspects. For the purpose of this assignment this researcher has chosen to read three articles related to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), how it has evolved and its common uses. The researcher will also discuss its validity and it recent trends. Article Reviews According to the article one selected for this assignment, the MMPI is used in a wide range of tests whether neuropsychology or randomized control group study to measure issues related to personality disorder. MMPI is helpful in measuring the personality traits, attributes, attitude, perception and behavior of individuals. It is an adequate measure of OCD related characteristics. It is possible to identify the level of personality disorder that further can be addressed with the use of effective tests and tools. It performs a great task in the identification of personality disorders that are mediated through anxiety, stress and depressions in general (Chacko, Corbin & Harper, Spring 2000). MMPI is also an effective inventory that can be applied to measure the OCD related symptoms and behavior of a group like women. There are numbers of clinical researches and...
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...Cognitive Neuropsychology (psy2010s) | Visual Perception and the Pop-out Effect | Tutorial 1 Assignment | | Zondi Londiwe (ZNDLON002) | 8/30/2013 | | INTRODUCTION Visual information is constantly presented to humans by the environment, and at times this can be far more than can be processed or needed. It is visual attention that allows the most relevant information for behaviour adjustment to be selected. Searching for particular objects that determine our actions whilst ignoring other competing objects can take long, especially if the objects all share common features. A number of theories that explain the process of visual search have been presented throughout the years. However the most common is the Feature Integration Theory developed by Treisman & Gelade (1980). According to The feature integration theory, visual search happens in a two-stage process, the pre-attentive stage and the attentive stage. The pre-attentive stage is the basic stage of visual search where only basic features, such as the size, colour and orientation, of an object are processed (Treisman, 1988; Treisman & Galade, 1980). At this stage no focused attention is required because all the objects in the visual stimulus are processed in parallel. The second stage requires more attention as the search becomes serial i.e. each object is processed independently ((Treisman & Gelade, 1980). Also, parallel searching takes less time than serial searching. Parallel and serial processing...
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...medication weekly to monthly blood draws. There's lots of money to be made off of people diagnosed with ADHD. More than that though, is that it's become sort of a trend. “Few topics have generated as much public concern as the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). According to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, outpatient visits for ADHD jumped from 1.6 million to 4.2 million per year from 1990 to 1993” (ADHD—Overcoming the Specter of Overdiagnosis. (2002). ADHD has become sort of a cat shot in terms of adolescent miss behavior. Many parents simply think that their child's not bad they just have a medical problem that has to be the reason. After a short drive to the doctor’s office and quick discussion with Dr. Don about how little Billy can never sit still long enough to do his homework and never listens to his parents when they talk to him. They walk out of the office with a giant ADHD labeled Band-Aid that they can slap over their child and all is well. However this isn't the biggest problem in the misdiagnosed use of ADHD. That’s not to say that ADHD isn’t an actual large scale problem. “Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most prevalent disorders of childhood and adolescence. Worldwide prevalence rates center around 5% and range from 1% to 20% among school-age children” (Cross-national 2016) ADHD has been on the rise and its only going to get worse.’ Before 1970, the diagnosis of ADHD was relatively rare...
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...Outline Introduction According to Keefe (1979), learning styles are cognitive, affective and physiological factors that clearly define how a learner copes in a given environment. In other words, they are composite features that gauge whether a learner perceives, responds and work well in a given learning environment. Learning styles can also be defined as educational conditions that favor learning. Auditory Learning Style Auditory learning style entails using hearing senses to learn. It involves a teacher talking to learners. In other words, the learner requires information to be read aloud. Visual Learning Style This learning style requires a learner to use visuals to learn. These visuals include diagrams, charts, pictures and films. In other words, visual learners make use of their eyes to learn. Tactile/Kinesthetic Kinesthetic learners learn best by touching, feeling and experiencing things and material at hand. Conclusion Learning styles are important in that they allow people to know and gauge forms of mental representations. However, the styles should be perceived as preferences by the learners and not a way of dividing the learners according to their learning capabilities. Learning Introduction According to Keefe (1979), learning styles are cognitive, affective and physiological factors that clearly define how a learner copes in a given environment. In other words, they are composite features that gauge whether a learner perceives, responds and work well in...
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...Comparing and Contrasting Essentialist Approaches to Social Psychology with Social Constructionist Approaches to Social Psychology. A widely recognised definition of social psychology is “an effort to understand and explain how the thought, feeling, and behaviour of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others” (Allport, 1985). However, how to measure this, the research methods to be used and what constitutes useful evidence has caused much debate in the history of social psychology. This essay will compare and contrast the two epistemologies of essentialist and social constructionist approaches to social psychology and the research methods of quantitative and qualitative used in each approach. Essentialists’ view of the world is that the properties possessed by a group are universal in that group and do not depend on context. However, a member of a group may possess other characteristics that are not required to include it as a group member but, it must not have characteristics that preclude it from being a member of the group (Burr, 1995). For example, essentialists believe that personality consists of a number of traits and personality of an individual is established by the level of each of these traits. Essentialists also believe that these traits remain more or less stable over time and it is our personality that influences behaviour (Maltby, 2010). As essentialists are able to classify groups as such, they use quantitative research...
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...The Mind-Brain Relation is a relationship that has been explored for centuries and is one that we may truly never be able to understand. This is what I find so interesting about neuropsychology and the brain. Our brain is this magnificently complex physical structure composed of more than 80 billion neurons. Furthermore, to our understanding, our brain is responsible for how we experience a variety of emotions such as love, anger, and surprise. Taking the complexity an element of unknown into consideration I currently believe in the theory of reductionism. Reductionism, which is also known as materialist identity theory, states that the mind is simply a brain event and that it is a one-way causation. The other two notable theories we have discussed...
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