...Neuroscience Leadership Aleksander Varga USASMA Abstract In the last decade scientists have made huge progress in the neuroscience field, which has had a tremendous impact on leadership development studies. Knowledge gained through brain observation helps us to understand how the brain responds during certain activities and how some processes in the brain are connected to each other. One important part of our brain is the limbic system, a primitive system responsible for our long term memory, how we build relationships, and how we create patterns based on experiences. Another important part is the prefrontal cortex, which is evolutionarily younger than the limbic system and responsible for more sophisticated processes in our brain, such as our working memory with which we plan, react and judge. Connection between the limbic system and the prefrontal cortex determines our response to certain situations. If we know that the brain cannot use both with the same power in certain situations, and that our brain is plastic and has the ability to change if influenced by certain exercises, this could be very useful information for leaders. We can use this knowledge to improve many fields from how to build empathy to how to change our and others’ behavior in accordance to make better organization, which will consequently make us better leaders. Neuroscience Leadership Leadership is probably as old as humanity. As a matter of fact, we can find some sort of leadership also in...
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...1. Why are MeCP2 mutations always sporadic rather than hereditary? (2 marks) The mutations of the MeCP2 gene are sporadic rather than hereditary because a female child with Rett syndrome will usually die at a very young age, however, if they also have a normal gene they may live longer but no family history has been found to be connected to RTT. The rare male who has RTT will die before or shortly after birth; therefore this disorder cannot be hereditary. Add notes from last weeks lecture 2. Contrast the genetic cause of Rett syndrome as compared to schizophrenia. Explain your answer in general terms, address the relative involvement of genes and environment. RTT is caused by the lack of expression of MeCP2 and is sporadic. There is some evidence that schizophrenia is hereditary, and researchers have only established a few gene candidates for its cause. Another difference between RTT and schizophrenia is that RTT has an has a specific etiology, whereas schizophrenia receives a psychological diagnosis. If an individual is exposed to a mutation of the MeCP2 gene leading to RTT, they will develop this syndrome regardless of positive or negative environmental influences, on the other hand, schizophrenia appears highly influenced by environment, including stress, poor family environment and the use of marijuana. Several susceptibility genes have been indicated that may interact with environmental influences to produce schizophrenia. Add notes from last weeks lecture ...
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...BACKGROUND Biological psychology, also known as behavioral neuroscience, is defined as the application of the principles of biology to the study of physiological, genetic, and developmental mechanisms of behavior in human and non-human animals. It usually looks in at the level of nerves, neurotransmitters, brain circuitry, and the basic biological processes that run hand in hand with the body's normal and abnormal instincts. Most of the time, experiments in this field of work involve non-human animal models such as rats, mice, and primates which contributes to evidence-based practice, which i suppose is somewhat rare in the general title of psychology. Biological psychology also has a strong history of contributing to the understanding of medical disorders including those that fall under the category of clinical psychology, and abnormal psychology. This certain field has contributed important therapeutic data on a variety of conditions such as parkinson's disease, huntington's disease, alzheimer's disease, clinical depression, schizophrenia, autism, and anxiety. CAREER INFORMATION: Studies in genetics, depth psychology, sociology, or environmental science may all contribute to a fundamental preparation of the field. Those hoping to enter the career should begin training at the undergraduate level, pursuing an associates or bachelors degree in any number of related fields, including biology, chemistry, physics, psychology, or pre med. Graduates of these programs may find...
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...The Fluidity of Neuroscience Gender Norms & Racial Bias in the Study of the Modern "Neuroscience" Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system. Traditionally, neuroscience has been seen as a branch of biology. However, it is currently an interdisciplinary science that collaborates with other fields such as chemistry, computer science, engineering, linguistics, mathematics, medicine and allied disciplines, philosophy, physics, and psychology. The term neurobiology is usually used interchangeably with the term neuroscience, although the former refers specifically to the biology of the nervous system, whereas the latter refers to the entire science of the nervous system. The scope of neuroscience has broadened to include different approaches used to study the molecular, cellular, developmental, structural, functional, evolutionary, computational, and medical aspects of the nervous system. The techniques used by neuroscientists have also expanded enormously, from molecular and cellular studies of individual nerve cells to imaging of sensory and motor tasks in the brain. Recent theoretical advances in neuroscience have also been aided by the study of neural networks. Given the increasing number of scientists who study the nervous system, several prominent neuroscience organizations have been formed to provide a forum to all neuroscientists and educators. For example, the International Brain Research Organization was founded in 1960, the International Society...
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...Running head: Neuroscience of Creativity Neuroscience of Creativity Tarun Vij Woodbury University, Burbank CA. Abstract Human Brain is the most elegant gift evolution has given to life on this planet. Philosophers and scientists alike have always been curious to have an understanding of the intricacies of the human Mind . Creativity of human mind has been the key for our species progress and survival. Neuroscience is rapidly advancing to a stage where researchers can now observe the biology of our brain in detail .Decades worth of research in this field has lead scientists to now begin to map and understand inner workings of the biological circuitry of human brain . This paper presents some of the latest research findings on above. Based on these scientifically validated findings an effort is then made to get some insight into how innovative ideas originate and form businesses of the future and how that impacts our society. Running head: Neuroscience of Creativity Historically speaking creative solutions conceived and executed by human mind has resulted in exponential progress of human condition .From invention of wheel to creation of airplanes , from abacus to machines that can do logical deductions and automate tedious tasks all were a conceptual idea of this complex mass of jelly called our Brain . We can say that we are our brains , our body is just hanging along for the ride . At the dawn of twenty first century rapid...
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...published a book titled “The Organization of Behavior”, this is what helped open the eyes of many to the idea of biopsychology. Hebb’s theories on how the brain’s activities could be related to several different complex psychological phenomena’s (Pinel, 2009). 3. Name one to three important theorists associated with biological psychology. I believe that one of the most important theorists associated with biological psychology would have to be D.O. Hebb. His book being published opened up more minds to his therioies. It opened up the advancement for biological psychology and made it a major neuroscientific discipline. 4. Describe the relationship between biological psychology and other fields in psychology and neuroscience. With any subject of research most will not stand on their own, but will need other...
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...peoples minds? 05/04/2014 Special accessories that can gather specific brain waves and tell us how people’s minds react to certain things have been amongst us for decades but new technology can now tell us more precisely which certain parts of the brain activate as people have to buy products, make certain brand choices or have to watch advertisements. Today, every neuroscientist’s dream of being able to have a look into the brain while it’s active has become possible! Rita Carter, a science writer, uses a perfect quote to describe this new achievement: “Brain-scan machines are opening up the territory of the mind, the same way the first ocean-going ships once opened up the globe.” Neuromarketing is the application of neuroscience into marketing to improve the ways of selling products. The application of brain-scan technology to marketing, especially the use of fMRI, a new device that captures images of the brain while it processes information, gave importance to this event. Ale Smidts, professor of marketing research, is who have gave the name to this new application in 2002 and Gerry Zaltman, professor at Harvard, is the first marketing specialist to introduce fMRI as a marketing technique. However, the idea of neuromarketing has been around for about forty years, even if no one had given a name to it until today. Neuromarketing is an improvement on the way that scientists a look inside people’s heads with devices. In the late 1960’s people were already using...
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...PSY 102: Psychology in the Modern World Your Name: Dahiana Then Instructor: Bob Melara Your Section: C3 Fall 2015 Your TA’s Name: ** Answer the questions in your own words, Type you answers, make sure you answer all parts, print the answered homework and take it with you to your next recitation! Only the two lowest homework grades can be dropped ** Homework #2 (Neuroscience and Behavior) 1. a) What are the parts of a neuron? b) How are neural impulses generated? c) How does one nerve cell communicate with another? The human body is composed of countless cells, all obtaining a specific purpose in our bodies. One of the most important elements that contribute to the make up of the human body are neurons. A neuron is a nervous system cell, responsible for transmitting pieces of information throughout our bodies by creating messages that are relayed throughout the body. There are two main components that make up a nerve cell (neuron), those of which include the axon and dendrites. The axon of a neuron is the specific fragment (that can be long or short) of the nerve cell that is in charge of transferring messages through its branches to other parts of the human body (other nerve cells, muscles, glands). The dendrites of a neuron are the specific fragments (short fragments) that are in charge of accepting messages that are sent from other parts of the human body. The dendrites are also in charge of relaying electrical signals to the...
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...Pain-analgesia= no pain Purpose: to discover the biological basses of behavior and mental events Key question: how does the nervous system produce behavior in mental events Assumptions: there must be a relationship between nervous system behavior and mental events. What is biopsychology? * The branch of psychology that studies the relationship between nervous system activity and behavior and mental events. * A new branch of neurosciences. * Makes use of the findings discovered by other branches of psychology. Brain consists of neurons and glia. Other branches of the neurosciences are 1. Biological psychiatry is interested in treatment of biological treatments of 2. Developmental neurobiology is interested in how the nervous system changes and develops 3. Neuroanatomy is interested in the structure of the nervous system and hw the different areas are connected to one and another 4. Neurochemistry is interested in how the neurons work and how they communicate with one another 5. Neurobiology is interested the structure and the mechanics of the nervous system. Biological psychology focuses on behavior (the observative behavior and the unobservative behavior) Biopsychology has six branches 1. Physiological psychology the study of neural mechanism of behavior through the manipulation of the nervous system in controlled experiments either surgically, electrically or chemically. 2. Psychopharmacology concerned with the effects...
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...have concluded why certain body language means certain things. However, in the article from Social Neuroscience, a thorough case study was done to show how people are more attracted to those who sort of imitate their own behavior. Navarro’s article may have been more informative had it been presented in the way that the other article was. Case studies would be the best method for these topics since they would show how people interact with each other and pick up on body language as well as verbal communication. Navarro’s findings would most certainly have been more significant if they were meant to be academic rather than popular press. Popular press will usually skip over deep findings and research in favor of giving a shortened summary that they feel most readers would enjoy; However, if meant for an academic press, Navarros’ article would have been presented differently and shown more in-depth results. Navarro, J. (2009, October 28). Stealth signals: how to decode body language.Psychology Today, Retrieved from http://www.psychologytoday.com/collections/201109/the-art-body-language/the-key-understanding-body-language Simone Küühn, Barbara C. N. Müüller, Rick B. van Baaren, Anne Wietzker, Ap Dijksterhuis & Marcel Brass (2010): Why do I like you when you behave like me? Neural mechanisms mediating positive consequences of observing someone being imitated, Social Neuroscience, 5:4,...
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...might alter the human consciousness. However through science and experimentation the altering effects of meditation can be seen and recorded not just on the consciousness but on the physical brain. In the last journal the discussion concentrated mainly on how meditation could give a piece of the peaceful life as focused practices can boost improve attention spans in the everyday person and how meditation exercises could boost mental toughness in soldiers. In this journal the emphasis will be on the effects on the brain, as while as meditation may increase a person's ability to feel empathy for others similar to the Dalai Lama. Many wonder how the Dalai Lama can retain his kindness, even as his homeland is torn apart by violence. New neuroscience research may help explain the exiled Tibetan leader's unremitting compassion for all people. In an experiment scientists asked subjects, both expert meditators and novices, to practice compassion meditation while inside a functional MRI. The participants heard sounds designed to provoke an empathetic response, such as a distressed woman calling out, as well as positive and neutral sounds. When subjects heard the sounds, both groups experienced more brain activity in areas associated with empathy while meditating than while not meditating. The distressed sounds elicited stronger empathetic responses than the others, and the brain activity in these regions was much stronger in the seasoned meditators. Antoine Lutz, a neuroscientist at...
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...Behavioural neuroscience is the study of how the behaviour in humans or animals is controlled by biological systems, such as the brain and the nervous system. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that shoots nerve impulses through the brain and it is important as it makes sure that the nervous system functions normally. It's role is controlling the brains reward system, plus our sensitivity to rewards and motivation. However levels and responsiveness to dopamine can differ. Higher levels of dopamine can alter a person's emotional trait as it makes them more eager and more likely to go after rewards such as food, money or education. In addition to this it helps regulate the emotions of an individual. Behaviour is explained by how an individual conducts...
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...another debatable topic is the moral and ethical issues faced with this expanding sect of marketing. Neuromarketing: What is it? Neuromarketing is a new field of marketing research that studies consumers' sensorimotor, cognitive, and affective response to marketing stimuli. According to some, neuromarketing will change market research and marketing fundamentally. This new form of research is derived from the argument that people don't and can't really know what motivates them, because much of our mental processes are unconscious. However, the truth is that most decisions do involve both automatic, instinctive reactions, and elements of control and consideration. Tools of Neuromarketing: There are many tools used in the study of neuroscience to determine specific chemical changes as well as neurological changes in the human brain. It is the understanding that the researcher’s use of these tools can measure various levels of change in the human body when visually confronted with images and/or video clips. The results of these changes are then compared to the scientific theories of where these changes took place in the brain and what that part of the brain it correlates to. Many studies have shown that specific areas in the brain evoke emotions, such as anger, excitement, intenseness, sadness, feelings of self, reward, and happiness. Two main areas of focus are the Ventral Putamen, which is thought to process...
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...find solace in learning that there are scientific explanations for why you didn't act on the speaker's advice, as well as for many other perplexing human behaviors. Why do people only retain a fraction of what they leam? Why do they get a boost of energy when their bosses meaningfiiUy praise their work? Wliy do they tire when focusing on one activit}'? Once mere speculators about the hows and whys of human response, cognitive scientists are discovering what happens in the brain to cause such reactions. And as neuroscientists continue to study why humans do the things they do, human resource professionals can turn that knowledge to practical use in the workplace. The joining of psychologj' (the study of the human mind and behavior) and neuroscience (physiological study of the brain) sheds light on the brain's role in human nature and behavior. Researchers in this field now map what happens in the hrain during learning, engagement, motivation and social interaction. Thanks to technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography as well as wave analysis, scientists study neural connections as they happen in the li\ing brain. This research R March 2008 HR Magazine 37 helps scientists understand the ways humans think, feel, act and perceive. Wliile many discoveries confirm HR professionals' hunches about workplace behavior,...
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...respond. Neuromarketing studies consumers' response to marketing stimuli and matches that response to different areas of the brain. This research will explore neuromarketing history, levels of the brain, neuroimaging techniques used, advertising effectiveness of neuromarketing and some challenges facing this new field. History In 1991, Dr. David Lewis-Hodgson, Minilab chairman and director of research, began Neuromarketing research in the United States, after stumbling upon it when he was researching treatments for phobic anxiety and stress (Lewis, 2010). Shortly after, marketers from large companies such as Coca-Cola, Levi-Strauss, Ford and Delta Airlines became interested in these findings and created research labs specialized in neuroscience. These companies were very interested in how the brain was affected by media stimuli. In 2001, Bright House Neurostrategies Group was among the first to market commercial studies fundamentally on neuromarketing. However, the actual term, “neuromarketing”, was not...
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