...is some practice on conversion of units and scientific notation. Show your work – in scientific notation! – for each. a. The US imports about 12 million barrels of petroleum per day (about half of our usage). At the current cost of crude oil of $95 per barrel, how much money are we sending overseas per year per each of the 300 million people in the US to buy oil? b. Estimate how long it would take you to drive to the Sun, which is 1 AU = 1.5x1011 m away. Assume there is a nice highway to drive on, with a speed limit of 70 miles per hour. How many meals would you have to pack if you wanted to drive round-trip? c. The New Horizons spacecraft is headed to Pluto, which is about 35 AU away from Earth. It was launched in January 2006 and is expected to pass Pluto in July 2015. How fast – in meters per second, and in miles per hour – is the average speed of the New Horizons spacecraft on this voyage? 2. You are an adventurous medieval explorer who travels from Madrid to London, which is a distance of 1100 km almost due north. a. You notice that the star Algol, which passes directly overhead (the “zenith”) in Madrid, only gets to within 10 degrees of the zenith (south of zenith) when you are in London. If you are a flat-Earth advocate, you conclude that Algol must be how far away from Earth? (draw a picture!) b. You also notice that Polaris shifts from being 49 degrees north of zenith to 39 degrees from zenith during this journey. Is Polaris the same distance from the flat Earth as Algol...
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...The Business Environment BUS 100 – Intro to Business The Business Environment The role of business in the economy A business is an economic system that provides goods and services with the aim of generating revenue. The notion of a possibility of being able to earn a profit itself offers incentive for starting ones own businesses. For growth and development to be achieved in any given economy, the government must strive to ensure that the environment is conducive which induces investments and while at the same time attracting international investments. Business offers an alternative source of employment in the economy (Asli, Inessa & Vojislav, 2006, p. 2969). This reduces the level of unemployment thereby reducing the rate of dependence on the working class of the economy. Additionally, this reduces social crimes like robbery as it provides most people with the means of livelihood. Business enables a country earns foreign exchange from the export of its products in forms of goods and services to other countries in the global market. Foreign exchange is extremely valuable to any country. It is a means of payment for payment of the countries imports and helps to maintain a healthy balance of payment of a countries account. Foreign exchange also helps to make the individual businesses more profitable in the international market thus in the process strengthening the economy...
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...Anymore! The economic downturn in the United States has been intensifying every month since September 2008, and it is having significant impacts on numerous nonprofit organizations (NPOs). It is now clear that this financial crisis is more severe than anything we have experienced in over 50 years; it is affecting every sector of the economy. Managers of NPOs are facing numerous obstacles while having to face an increase in the vital services they provide to the public. The most critical issue is the lack of funding. The effects of the economic recession are spurring NPO leaders and their funders to create and apply innovative fundraising projects, collaborate together and to deeply analyze federal packages and plans for support. Although raising funds in today's tight economy is a challenge, some nonprofits are doing better than others. Organizations that are doing well have numerous amounts of revenue sources and many ways for donors to give, they spend more time and personal effort in building relationships with their donors, have refocused on the importance of developing staff, resources, and programs, and are simply looking to do more, not less (Borning, 2010). NPOs have suffered from the downturn in 2008 and 2009 but the fact is even tougher financial times have come since then for many nonprofit organizations, especially larger organizations that rely heavily on government grants and contracts (Kerr, 2010). Fifteen regional NPO agencies were surveyed...
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...(American Socity of Quality, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, ISBN 0-87389-076-0) Leadership Is An Art by Max Depree (Doubleday, New York, NY, ISBN 0-385-26496-8) Leadership Jazz by Max DePree (Dell Publishing, New York, NY, ISBN 0-440-50518-6) Managing Quality by David A. Garvin (The Free Press, New York, NY, ISBN 0-0-911380-6) The Disney Way by Bill Capodagli and Lynn Jackson (McGraw-Hill, New York, -NY, ISBN 0-07-012064-1) The Lessons of History by Will and Ariel Durant (Simon and Schuster, New York, NY, ISBN 0-671-41333-3) The Principles of Scientific Management by Frederick Winslow Taylor (Dover Publications, Inc., Mineola, NY, ISBN 0-486-29988-0) American Society of Quality: http://www.asq.org/ What is Quality , Quality Progress, July 2001 How a Good Quality Management System Can Limit Lawsuits , Quality Progress, June 2001 Managers Executed For Shoddy Quality , Wall Street Journal, October 17, 1989 Implementing Quality Programs In the Not-for-Profit Sector , Quality Progress, January 2001 Quality and Nonprofit Organizations , Quality Progress, Marach 1999 Experiencing Quality: The Patient's Perspective , Total Quality Management, June 1997 Applying Quality Concepts to Community Issues , Quality Progress, March, 1999 The American Quest for Quality , Business Horizons, September - October 1999 Heinz Aims To Stop Brand Switches With New Refill Proof Bottles , Chicago Sun Times, July 5, 2000 Managing Customer Value , Quality Progress, June 2000 Creative...
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...Campus、jk56646n@pace.edu Katy Kaestner 、Trinity University、kkaestne@trinity.edu ABSTRACT The processes and outcomes of a service learning project conducted by a group of five students and engaged with a nonprofit organization are described in this paper. The processes and outcomes are evaluated with respect to the effectiveness of service learning as an educational means and the contribution to the nonprofit sector made by service learning initiatives. The findings include the benefit of the initial ambiguity of the service learning project and the benefit of the project outputs to the nonprofit agency. It is concluded that researchers may need to figure out the absolute relationship between initial ambiguity and the effectiveness of a service learning project and that between project outputs and the benefits received by the organization concerned. It is also concluded that researchers need to study how to keep participants’ passion towards the nonprofit sector after completion of their service learning project. KEYWORDS Service learning, volunteering, nonprofit organizations, social enterprises 1. INTRODUCTION The primary goal of this paper is to describe the processes and outcomes of a service learning project conducted by a group of five students and engaged with a nonprofit organization. The processes and outcomes are evaluated with respect to the...
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...Reporting Practices and ethical Standards in Health Care Finances University of Phoenix HCS 405 Health Care Financial Accounting July 11, 2012 Reporting Practices and Ethics The financial management of health care organizations have the obligation to integrate financial reporting practices with ethical standards that directly reflects and affects health care patients, providers, policymakers, and the society. This paper will review articles that reflect ethical standard practices related to health care financial management and will cover the four financial management elements crucial to the health care organization. These four elements of financial management are the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), which are the planning, controlling, organizing and directing, and the decision-making (Baker & Baker, 2011). Planning The financial manager determines the short term and long-term objectives of the organization to create plans to meet organization’s objectives. When planning, the goal of the financial manager is to develop and outline strategies, to seek the input of everyone involved in the process and to ensure everyone supports, and understands their role in the execution the plan. Controlling The purposes the financial officers of controlling are to implement the plans, and are executed by organizational standards to avoid overspending the organization’s budget. Additionally, the financial manager oversee that...
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...Since the dawn of time human beings have conducted business of some type or other. In Biblical times people had to work and pay taxes to the king or were beaten or killed. In the early history of our country we traded and bartered with the Indians. This system meant trading something you had, like fur pelts to keep you warm on cold winter nights in exchange for whiskey or guns. However, over time businesses expanded to mean the single proprietorship of a little outside café to the CEO of a multi-million dollar business and included for-profit and non-profit organizations. The role of business today is to provide the consumer with something they need or desire. They are the foundation on which this country thrives. Without businesses that pay taxes we would not have federal and state dollars to pave roads or feed the hungry. Capitalism or free enterprise is what allows owners to open a business of their own imagination and try to be successful. However, being successful comes with not only obligations towards the consumer that buys their product but also to society. The ethics and social responsibility of a company can make or break the company. Issues that may arise are how they treat their employees, how they treat their customers, do they outsource their jobs and how their business impacts the environment. There are two types of businesses, for-profit and non-profit. Both organizations are similar in that they can be set up and structured like a business and both can...
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...different types of organizations. According to Bartels (1988) “The establishment of a market economy wrought marked changes in the social and economic structure. A new attitude toward business revolutionized the economy of the country and that revolutionary element was identified by the term “marketing.‟ Historical accounts of trade lead one to conclude that marketing has always existed (p. 1). The fact that marketing has always been present allows for a timeline of the evolvement of marketing and the affects of marketing on innovation and the standard of living. But this still leaves the question of, how should marketing be defined. What is marketing? “Marketing is the performance of activities that seek to accomplish an organization’s objectives by anticipating customer or client needs and directing a flow of need satisfying goods and services from producer to customer or client” (Perreault, Cannon, & McCarthy, 2011, p. 5). This just means that marketing may be applied to different types of organizations, such as for profit organizations and non-profit. The meaning also identifies that the main objective of marketing are not only to persuade customers and sell products, but it may also be used to get information out. Marketing tools are widely used by many local, national, and international nonprofit organizations. For example, anytime there are events around the San Diego Area, ads and various advertising tools are used in order to promote. There is an understanding...
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...Leading Licensing Companies By Dawn Wilensky A combination of new and evergreen properties/brands drove 2006 worldwide retail sales of licensed merchandise. Over the last five years, we have made strategic changes to our Leading Licensors list to ensure up-to-date, accurate worldwide retail sales estimates. This year, we made yet another change. As the line between licensor and licensing agent continues to blur—with many licensors taking on the task of representing properties/brands outside of their portfolio, and many traditional licensing agents being charged with fueling power for the brands/properties they represent—we have widened our list to include overall retail sales figures for licensing agents. As a result, we have changed this feature's name from “Leading Licensors” to “Leading Licensing Companies” to better reflect the power of the licensing business. As for this year’s list, which reflects 2006 worldwide retail sales of licensed merchandise, No. 1 Disney recorded a $2 billion increase in retail sales fueled, in part, by consumer demand for all things Pirates of the Caribbean, High School Musical, Cars, and Disney Princess. Sanrio also saw a significant uptick in sales, rising from $4.2 billion in 2005 to $5.2 billion in 2006. Phillips-Van Heusen makes its debut on the list at No. 2 with $6.7 billion in sales driven by proprietary brands Van Heusen, Arrow, Izod, Bass, and Calvin Klein. Other newcomers include: Carte Blanche Greetings ($700 million); Sean John...
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...Case study C1. Oxfam Introduction: Oxfam, name formally adopt in 1965 after is abbreviation of its telegraph address, originally known as Oxford Committee for the Famine Relief. It was created in England in 1942 like many others to help during World War II. After the war Oxfam saw the need to continue helping Europe with famine and the poor, unlike others which cease to operate after the war, latter it also expanded its horizon to the rest of the world. Mission: Oxfam’s programs address the structural causes of poverty and related injustice and work primarily through local accountable organizations, seeking to enhance their effectiveness. We aim to help people directly where local capacity is insufficient or inappropriate for Oxfam’s purposes, and to assist in the development of structures which directly benefit people facing the realities of poverty and injustice Oxfam believes that poverty and powerlessness are avoidable and can be eliminated by human action and political will. The right to a sustainable livelihood, and the right and capacity to participate in societies and make positive changes to people's lives are basic human needs and rights which can be met. Oxfam believes that peace and substantial arms reduction are essential conditions for development and that inequalities can be significantly reduced both between rich and poor nations and within nations. The success of it’s grow was mainly due to many dedicated volunteers and donors who continued...
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...Embracing DNA, Expanding Horizons: The Panda Turns Fifty Sherine Jayawickrama December 2011 Produced for discussion at the Role of Brand in the Nonprofit Sector conference on December 8, 2011, with support from the Rockefeller Foundation. Embracing DNA, Expanding Horizons: The Panda Turns Fifty The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) was established fifty years ago to save endangered species from extinction. The first WWF office was established in Switzerland in April 1961 and the second was established in the United States in December of that year. Fifty years later, WWF is one of the largest conservation organizations in the world, operating in more than 100 countries and employing more than 5,000 staff. WWF is a global network of 30 self-governed national offices, five WWF associates operating under different names, and dozens of program offices each working under the direction of a national office. Over the years, WWF’s work has expanded beyond species conservation to include habitat preservation and pollution reduction. Acknowledging this expanded scope, the global organization changed its name in 1986 to the World Wide Fund for Nature. However, WWF offices in the United States and Canada retained the original name and, in 2001, the WWF network decided to use the original acronym “WWF” as its one global name. Notwithstanding the different names, WWF’s logo—the iconic panda—is cherished by the entire WWF network. Inspired by a popular panda named Chi Chi at the London zoo...
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...Financial Disclosure Management by Nonprofit Organizations1 Ranjani Krishnan, Michelle H. Yetman, Robert J. Yetman* Eli Broad College of Business, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824. Tippie College of Business, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240 ______________________________________________________________________________ Abstract This paper examines how nonprofit organizations respond to incentives to manage their publicly available financial information. Prior research identifies two operating ratios donors commonly use to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of nonprofits (i.e., the program service ratio, defined as the fraction of total expenses committed to advancing the charitable mission of the organization, and the fundraising ratio, defined as the ratio of fundraising expenses to donations revenue). Nonprofit managers have an incentive to over-report the expenses classified as program services and under-report the expenses classified as administrative and fundraising in order to improve these ratios. We examine whether nonprofits respond to these incentives, and we find evidence consistent with opportunistic cost shifting to improve the program service and fundraising ratios. Additional analysis finds that smaller nonprofits that are more reliant on donations revenue manipulate their operating ratios to a greater extent. JEL classification: M4; L3 Key words: Nonprofit organizations, earnings management, disclosure, hospitals. __...
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...I. Executive Summery The evening of April 20, 2010 eleven lives were taken, and 17 others were injured. An exploration for crude oil, now remembered as one of our nation’s largest oil spills in history. A well control event allowed hydrocarbons to escape from the Macondo Well onto Transocean’s Deepwaster Horizon, resulting in explosions and fire on the rig. The fire, which was fed by hydrocarbons from the well continued to burn for 36 hours until the rig sank to bottom of the ocean. “Hydrocarbons continued to flow from the reservoir through the wellbore and the blowout preventer for 87 days, causing a spill of national significance” (Crisis Watch). The operations were controlled by BP Exploration & Production Inc., in which they held the lease contract as operators of Mississippi Canyon Block 252, which contains the Macondo Well. Deepwater Horizon exploration was to collect crude oil, one of the leading fuels in the world. After the explosion that shocked the nation, BP formed an investigation team that was in charge of gathering the facts surrounding the accident, analyzing available information and to identify possible causes and making recommendations to enable prevention of similar accidents in the future. The BP investigation Team began its work immediately in the aftermath of the accident, since gathering information directly from the explosion site was slightly out of the question immediately due to the horrendous events and lack of testimonies and vital facts...
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...gas prices This essay will show the effects of rising gas prices and how they will be at an all time high in the up coming years. One will read various viewpoints from United States Government officials, Law officials. One will also show how this raise in gas prices will have an impact on businesses and how the consumer will be affected in the long run. Gas prices are on the raise because of unrest in the middle east and because of this it directly affects the cost we pay at the pump to fuel our vehicles. The first viewpoints come from an article published by ABC news. The article was written by Maggy Patrick and Linsey Davis, They interviewed a former executive from the Shell Oil Company this executive is anticipating that gas prices could reach five to six dollars per gallon by 2012. is the founder and CEO of a nonprofit origination called Citizens for Affordable Energy, John Hofmeister was named president of a Houston-based Shell oil company in 2005 until he retired from the company in 2008, said he predicts the hikes by November 2012 due to the increase for gasoline worldwide. He also stated: (Sloan, 2011). “While demand is rising steadily, the world is struggling to increase production. Demand is approaching 90 million barrels per day, while only 85 million barrels are being produced. Today, gas prices are averaging at $3.89 a gallon, up about 50 cents from just a month ago.” If you recall...
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...Regulatory and Compliance Issues Introduction Reviewing the growth of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) which was made based on the public business outrages. The WorldCom and The Enron issues, for instance, gave shareholders self-confidence in entities traded on the open markets throughout ’01 and ’02. Congress was very fast to answer to the political disaster and made the bill of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which eventually the bill was signed into edict by President Bush on July 30 to give self-assurance to shareholders (Carmichael, 2004). SOX quickly changed the way in how public business takes internal controls and reporting within accounting and finance and the way the public companies business being administered. One of the most important objectives of SOX is to oversee public accounting, publicity reporting business and the investment commerce. In order to follow SOX objectives and to watch the acts of public accountancy, SOX created the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). This particular board directs the accounting line of work and publicity reporting business with respect to reporting and audits (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers, & Langvardt, 2014). The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) members are enforced not to have any associations with the public companies or members of the companies so as to keep all terms of accountability fair and clear. PCAOB also generated rules made to guarantee that auditors of publicity reporting business are autonomous...
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