...INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS ATLANTIC INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HONOLULU, USA 09/07/14 ABTRACT The business strategy perspective argues that achieving competitive advantage hinges on pursing a coherent competitive strategy. Family businesses are also said to manifest a strong desire to develop enduring and committed social relationships with external stakeholders. This study examines the effect of business strategy on performance of family businesses and how their managerial social networking relationships with external entities moderate the business strategy–performance link. Using data from 54 family firms from Ghana, the findings indicate that: (1) the pursuit of the business strategies of cost leadership and differentiation create competitive advantage for family businesses; (2) social networking relationships with government bureaucratic officials and community leaders are beneficial to family businesses, but social networking relationships with political leaders is detrimental to family businesses; and (3) the benefit of business strategy to family businesses is moderated positively by networking with community leaders, but negatively by networking with political leaders. Keywords: Africa; business strategy; family businesses; Ghana; social networking relationships; performance Read More: http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10...
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...The Book Publishing Industry Assessment 1: Industry Opportunity Analysis Name: Joyce Yi Student no: n9102434 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The publishing industry is incredibly resilient and is undergoing some incredible changes. This report will analyse the industry with respect to the 4C’s of Entertainment Marketing and identify the key opportunities that are currently evident within the publishing industry and thus devise two potential ideas for future development and implementations. Research has found that indie publishers and authors are taking up a huge portion of the market and therefore more beneficial for these professionals to create digital content and distribute it independently. As publishers are not educated in IT and data Analytics, these skill sets will need to be outsourced or taught in order for self-publishers to maximise their revenue and consumer retention. Mobile applications are also proving to be the new way to read digital content by enhancing the consumer’s experience, thus adding value to the product. The growth of virtual spaces that allow people to network and collaborate on creative projects are also increasing and globalisation has shaken the industry and provide huge opportunities to bring distribution closer to the consumer and pursue a much larger audience. Therefore, this analysis indicates there could be future development for a platform at which authors, publishers, and developers can come together to collaborate and create book...
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...excited about State of the World 2010. It calls for one of the greatest cultural shifts imaginable: from cultures of consumerism to cultures of sustainability. The book goes well beyond standard prescriptions for clean technologies and enlightened policies. It advocates rethinking the foundations of modern consumerism—the practices and values regarded as “natural,” which paradoxically undermine nature and jeopardize human prosperity. Worldwatch has taken on an ambitious agenda in this volume. No generation in history has achieved a cultural transformation as sweeping as the one called for here. The book’s many articles demonstrate that such a shift is possible by reexamining core assumptions of modern life, from how businesses are run and what is taught in classrooms to how weddings are celebrated and the way cities are organized. Readers may not agree with every idea presented here. But it is hard not to be impressed with the book’s boldness: its initial assumption is that wholesale cultural transformation is possible. I believe this is possible after having lived through the cultural transformation of women in Bangladesh. Culture, after all, is for making it easy for people to unleash their potential, not for standing there as a wall to stop them from moving forward. Culture that does not let people grow is a dead culture. Dead culture should be in the museum, not in human society. From the preface by Christopher Flavin, President of the Worldwatch Institute: ...The past five years...
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...University of Sydney Business School Referencing Guide This referencing guide has been prepared by the Business Programs Unit for use in Units of Study within The University of Sydney Business School. It is based on the Harvard referencing style. Contents 1. How to use this guide...........................................................................................................................2 2. Some basic referencing terms and rules ..............................................................................................2 3. Examples – when and how to reference ..............................................................................................3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 Placement of in-text references....................................................................................................................3 Summarising a source ..................................................................................................................................3 Paraphrasing a source .................................................................................................................................3 Short quotation .............................................................................................................................................4 Long quotation ........................................................................................
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...University of Sydney Business School Referencing Guide This referencing guide has been prepared by the Business Programs Unit for use in Units of Study within The University of Sydney Business School. It is based on the Harvard referencing style. Contents 1. How to use this guide...........................................................................................................................2 2. Some basic referencing terms and rules ..............................................................................................2 3. Examples – when and how to reference ..............................................................................................3 3.1 Placement of in-text references....................................................................................................................3 3.2 Summarising a source ..................................................................................................................................3 3.3 Paraphrasing a source .................................................................................................................................3 3.4 Short quotation .............................................................................................................................................4 3.5 Long quotation ...........................................................................................................................................
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...University of Sydney Business School Referencing Guide This referencing guide has been prepared by the Business Programs Unit for use in Units of Study within The University of Sydney Business School. It is based on the Harvard referencing style. Contents 1. How to use this guide...........................................................................................................................2 2. Some useful terms ...............................................................................................................................2 3. Examples – when and how to reference ..............................................................................................3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 Placement of in-text references....................................................................................................................3 Summarising a source ..................................................................................................................................3 Paraphrasing a source .................................................................................................................................3 Short quotation .............................................................................................................................................4 Long quotation .................................................................................
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...BU Basic M.B.A. International Master of Business Administration |Index | Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Business Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Entrepreneurship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Finance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Marketing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 Strategic Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
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...FREAKONOMICS A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything Revised and Expanded Edition Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner CONTENTS AN EXPLANATORY NOTE In which the origins of this book are clarified. vii PREFACE TO THE REVISED AND EXPANDED EDITION xi 1 INTRODUCTION: The Hidden Side of Everything In which the book’s central idea is set forth: namely, if morality represents how people would like the world to work, then economics shows how it actually does work. Why the conventional wisdom is so often wrong . . . How “experts”— from criminologists to real-estate agents to political scientists—bend the facts . . . Why knowing what to measure, and how to measure it, is the key to understanding modern life . . . What is “freakonomics,” anyway? 1. What Do Schoolteachers and Sumo Wrestlers Have in Common? 15 In which we explore the beauty of incentives, as well as their dark side—cheating. Contents Who cheats? Just about everyone . . . How cheaters cheat, and how to catch them . . . Stories from an Israeli day-care center . . . The sudden disappearance of seven million American children . . . Cheating schoolteachers in Chicago . . . Why cheating to lose is worse than cheating to win . . . Could sumo wrestling, the national sport of Japan, be corrupt? . . . What the Bagel Man saw: mankind may be more honest than we think. 2. How Is the Ku Klux Klan Like a Group of Real-Estate Agents? 49 In which it is argued that nothing is more powerful than information,...
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.............................. 9 A. How the Internet creates value.................................................................... 9 B. Special Economics of the Internet, or maybe not so special..................... 13 i. Network effects......................................................................................... 13 ii. Economies of Scale................................................................................... 15 iii. Winner take all.......................................................................................... 17 C. How the Internet Alters the likelihood of Winner-take-all....................... 20 Chapter 3: Racing to be first: Faddish and Foolish ................................................. 25 A. From Winner-take-all to First-Mover-Wins ............................................. 26 B. The Concept of Lock-In............................................................................ 32 i. Strong Lock-In .......................................................................................... 34 ii. Weak Lock-In ........................................................................................... 37 iii. Impacts of Lock-in on First-Mover-Wins................................................. 38 C. What Does the Real-World Tell Us About Strong Lock-in?.................... 40 D. The Internet and first-mover-wins....
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...What is the subject matter of economics? What role does the “division of labor” play in defining this subject matter? The subject matter of economics deals with social science concerned with administration of scarce resources. These resources can be objects and services that are capable of satisfying human needs and wants in both direct and indirect ways. This can be by helping to produce other objects and services whose use satisfies human wants. The administration of resources does not always create economic problems. There are lots of these resources that are more than enough to satisfy all of human wants and needs completely depend of them. One such resource example is “Air”. Such type of resources are known as free resources where it’s not necessary to organize its use because there is no side effects or waste for any inefficient use of such resources. On the other hand, scarce resources are resources that are not sufficient to fulfill human wants and needs completely. Therefore, these types of wants can only be partially satisfied. This reflects the problems of administration which are the subject matter of economics. Firstly, one of the problems of administration is to make sure complete utilization of scarce resources, because incomplete utilization may cause dissatisfaction to human beings. Secondly, in cases where these scarce resources are fully utilized, there is still an ongoing administrative problem of allocating the resources as required by the different uses...
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...would be excused for paraphrasing Edwin Starr’s famous song and Ian Morris’s forthcoming book, War! What Is It Good for?, and ask “democracy, what is it good for?” Certainly not economic growth, most would reason. This conclusion is based on a consensus engulfing both academia and the popular press that democracy is at its best irrelevant for growth, and perhaps even a hindrance. For example, Tom Friedman wrote in the pages of The New York Times: One-party nondemocracy certainly has its drawbacks. But when it is led by a reasonably enlightened group of people, as China is today, it can also have great advantages. That one party can just impose the politically difficult but critically important policies needed to move a society forward in the 21st century,” Friedman wasn’t making this up. Robert Barro, who has written several papers on the topic, argued in his book Getting it Right: Markets and Choices in a Free Society: More political rights do not have an effect on growth… The first lesson is that democracy is not the key to economic growth. A recent survey of the recent literature similarly concludes: The net effect of democracy on growth performance cross-nationally over the last five decades is negative or null. Equally dominant is the view that democracy isn’t right for low-income countries (which are often the ones trying to turn their societies into democracies). The pages of The New York Times again summarize what most of the popular press seems to have accepted as axiomatic...
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...fluctuations in economic activity can prove unpredictable. History A BASIC ILLUSTRATION OF ECONOMY/BUSINESS CIRCLE. Theory The first systematic exposition of periodic economic crises, in opposition to the existing theory of economic equilibrium, was the 1819 Nouveaux Principes d'économie politique by Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi. Prior to that point classical economics had either denied the existence of business cycles, blamed them on external factors, notably war, or only studied the long term. Sismondi found vindication in the Panic of 1825, which was the first unarguably international economic crisis, occurring in peacetime. Sismondi and his contemporary Robert Owen, who expressed similar but less systematic thoughts in 1817 Report to the Committee of the Association for the Relief of the Manufacturing Poor, both identified the cause of economic cycles as overproduction and underconsumption, caused in particular by wealth inequality. They advocated government...
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...The idea to be able to express your opinion freely is one that dates back to Ancient Greece. The city of Athens had an extraordinary governmental system for its time. In the 4th and 5th century BC Athens was ruled by a democracy. The democratic system allowed all male citizens to engage in the political arena. As male citizens were so directly involved in Athenian politics, the right to freedom of speech was given to all of them. Without this right the participants would not have been able to express their opinion on the political state of affairs in Athens. This would make Athens less of a democracy and more of an autocracy, ruled by either one or several of the same ideologies. (Smith, D., & Torres, L. (2006)) An important figure in the...
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...Information has gone from scarce to superabundant. That brings huge new benefits, says Kenneth Cukier (interviewed here)—but also big headaches A special report on managing information Feb 25th 2010 WHEN the Sloan Digital Sky Survey started work in 2000, its telescope in New Mexico collected more data in its first few weeks than had been amassed in the entire history of astronomy. Now, a decade later, its archive contains a whopping 140 terabytes of information. A successor, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, due to come on stream in Chile in 2016, will acquire that quantity of data every five days. Such astronomical amounts of information can be found closer to Earth too. Wal-Mart, a retail giant, handles more than 1m customer transactions every hour, feeding databases estimated at more than 2.5 petabytes—the equivalent of 167 times the books in America’s Library of Congress. Facebook, a social-networking website, is home to 40 billion photos. And decoding the human genome involves analysing 3 billion base pairs—which took ten years the first time it was done, in 2003, but can now be achieved in one week. All these examples tell the same story: that the world contains an unimaginably vast amount of digital information which is getting ever vaster ever more rapidly. This makes it possible to do many things that previously could not be done: spot business trends, prevent diseases, combat crime and so on. Managed well, the data can be used to unlock new sources of economic...
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...en.wikipedia.org http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfinance Microfinance [hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. (January 2010) Microfinance is a source of financial services for entrepreneurs and small businesses lacking access to banking and related services. The two main mechanisms for the delivery of financial services to such clients are: (1) relationship-based banking for individual entrepreneurs and small businesses; and (2) group-based models, where several entrepreneurs come together to apply for loans and other services as a group. In some regions, for example Southern Africa , microfinance is used to describe the supply of financial services to low-income employees, which is closer to the retail finance model prevalent in mainstream banking. Community-based savings bank in Cambodia. There are a rich variety of financial institutions which serve micro-entrepreneurs and small businesses. For some, microfinance is a movement whose object is "a world in which as many poor and near-poor households as possible have permanent access to an appropriate range of high quality financial services, including not just credit but also savings, insurance, and fund transfers."[1] Many of those who promote microfinance generally believe that such access will help poor people out of poverty, including participants in the Microcredit Summit...
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