...CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Foreign literature This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies for both foreign and local underlying the framework of the study. Synthesis was also created based from the gathered information and facts in literature and studies. These studies will also the researchers and readers to understand their study more. This will give greater information about how laughter slows down aging. According to Adams (2005) Laughter is a healing activity. Laughter operates on at least three different levels. They are the biophysical, the biochemical, and the bioenergetic levels. At the biophysical level, laughter also moves lymph and oxygenates your organs. Laughter moves lymph fluid around your body simply by the convulsions you experience during the process of laughing; so it boosts immune system function and helps clear out old, dead waste products from organs and tissues. Remember that your lymph system doesn't have a separate pump; your body needs to move around to properly circulate lymph fluid so that your immune system can carry out its natural functions. Laughter is a great way to support that. Secondly, laughter increases oxygenation of your body at both the cellular and organ level. By laughing, you intake vast amounts of oxygen in huge gulps, and you repeat this process in a sort of temporary hyperventilation session. This is the natural result of laughter, and if you watch someone laugh, you will...
Words: 7824 - Pages: 32
...A Pragmatic Analysis of English Humor in jokes Abstract Looking back at the history, humorous language and behaviour had been treated as frivolous, ludicrous, and even evil. However, with the development of social civilization, people have gradually realized that humour actually is indispensable for our monotonous and regular life. Humour is embodied in operas, movies, writings, conversations, etc. And the most common type is humorous conversations. In many pragmatics books, lots of humorous conversations can be found, which are employed to analyze pragmatics. So we can see that humour and pragmatics are closely connected. However, papers about humorous language with a pragmatic view are comparatively only a few. Besides, most of them only focus on certain aspects of pragmatics, for example, cooperative principle. Based on the main parts of pragmatics, this paper does a comparatively detailed research on the humorous language in English conversations. At the beginning of the thesis, some popular definitions of humour are compared and a conclusion is made. Then humour is classified into four types and its functions in the social interaction are specified. Key Words: English Humour; Conversational implicature; Violation; Humorous effects 摘 要 回望历史，幽默的语言和行为都被视为琐屑无聊，很可笑，和甚至邪恶。然而，随着社会文明的发展，人们逐渐认识幽默实际上是为我们的单调和定期生活不可或缺。幽默被体现在歌剧、 电影、 文字、 对话等。最常见的类型是幽默的交谈。 在许多语用学书籍，大量的幽默对话可以被发现，是用来分析语用学。所以我们可以看到幽默和语用学紧密相连的。然而，关于幽默的语言与语用的视图文件是相对较少。此外，绝大多数人只专注于某些方面的语用学，例如，合作原则。基于语用学的主要部分，本文做了较为详细的研究在英语会话幽默的语言。 ...
Words: 5553 - Pages: 23
...A Visit To An Exhibition Recently an exhibition was held in our town. It was not so big and grand as the recent any metro city fair, yet it was remarkable in its own way. It was a very modest shows nevertheless it was represented and well attended. It was organized by the district authorities to encourage the introduction of cottage industries in villages. The district collector, RDO and the local leaders took a keen interest and put up a very good show. Never before had we realized that our village possessed such as vast scope for the development of cottage industries. We all felt that a vast heap of wealth was lying unused in villages. The exhibition was held in the vast grounds of the banks of the river Cauvery. A temporary fence was erected on all sides and temporary stalls were built to accommodate exhibits of different articles. The exhibitions lasted for about a week and were attended by thousands of people. Buying and selling worth thousands of rupees was done. The district authorities were pleased with its success. First there were agricultural exhibits which the farmers had displayed. There were vegetables of all kinds and sizes. One farmer had a peculiar pumpkin which was praised by everybody. I was surprised to see a plum with resembled a red apple. There was also exhibited fine specimen of cereals which attracted much attention. There were also remarkable specimens of carrots and radish, sweet potatoes and tomatoes of different tastes and colors. Specimens...
Words: 2860 - Pages: 12
...REVIEW OF THE GREATEST SALESMAN IN THE WORLD NUMBER OF WORDS: 5125 “Every defeat, every heartbreak, every loss, contains its own seed, its own lesson on how to improve your performance the next time.” ― O G Mandino Born in the USA on the 12th of December, 1923, Mandino was named after his paternal grandfather. Having been the editor of his high school paper, he planned to attend the University of Missouri for journalism. But as destiny would be he couldn’t attend the college as his mother died of a massive heart attack when she was in the kitchen preparing his lunch. It was after this incident that he decided not to go for college and instead joint a paper factory. Mandino was a military officer and a bombardier in the United States Army Air Corps. Mandino’s greatest inspiration was his fellow pilot and movie star, James Stewart. He used to keep a personalized photo of Stewart near him and then wrote his books. After his military services, Mandino found himself as an insurance salesman. But this job did not last him long due to his drinking habit and these habits also made his wife and child away from him. There was a time when Mandino almost tried to kill himself but his various volumes of self help and motivation books helped him leave his alcoholism and become a successful writer and speaker. His famous books were A Better Way to Live; The Choice; The Christ Commission; The Greatest Salesman in the World; The Greatest Salesman in the World, part 2: The End of the...
Words: 5144 - Pages: 21
...Allan and Barbara Pease are the internationally renowned experts in human relations and body language, whose 20 million book sales worldwide have turned them into household names. People's body language reveals that what they say is often very different from what they think or feel. It is a scientific fact that people's gestures give away their true intentions. Every day we are confronted by hundreds of different signals that can mean anything from 'That's a great idea' to 'You must be kidding'. And we are all sending out these signals whether we realise it or not. Now, in this authoritative guide written with great humour and insight, you can learn the secrets of body language to give you more confidence and control in any situation — from negotiating a deal to finding the right partner. Discover the techniques that will show you how to interpret gestures, read the underlying thoughts and emotions — and reach the right conclusions. Front cover photo supplied courtesy of Shufunotomo Co., Ltd. 2-9 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan Allan Pease is the world's foremost expert on body language. His book Why Men Don't Listen And Women Can't Read Maps co-authored with wife Barbara, has sold over 10 million copies in 48 languages since its release. Allan travels the world lecturing on human communication, has written 8 other bestselling books and appeared in his own television series which attracted over 100 million viewers. Barbara Pease is CEO of Pease International which...
Words: 96880 - Pages: 388
...friends ever since. Most boys think Liz is cute. She has long red hair, cascading over her shoulders. She laughs about everything and when she does, you see about a hundred white teeth – so bright, you almost need sunglasses. When she laughs, her eyes grow wide, glowing emerald green. Liz likes to dress kind of skater-ish, in camouflage pants, sweatshirts, and wristbands. But, she’s unpredictable, too. Sometimes she’ll wear overalls or a fancy dress. She must have three closets full of clothes, because she barely ever wears the same outfit twice. Liz is the most lively, animated character I’ve ever known. She’s always rushing around, trying to get the latest scoop on everybody. It’s like she’s in the FBI. Right before she shares important news, Liz tosses back her hair, takes a deep breath, and quickly looks side to side, to be sure the coast is clear. She never says anything mean about people, she just wants to know what’s going on. She always supports me in everything I want to do. Not many girls in our group of friends play sports, but when I told Liz I wanted to go out for basketball, she said “Go for it.” Now, she comes to see almost every game I play and cheer me on. Not only is Liz a tremendous supporter, she also trusts me to give her my honest opinion and to say what I feel. Last year, she thought Mrs. Jones gave her a lower math grade than she deserved. I told her the truth – that Liz handed everything in late and what did she expect? Next marking period, Liz got...
Words: 4097 - Pages: 17
...The Project Gutenberg eBook, Complete Hypnotism: Mesmerism, Mind-Reading and Spiritualism, by A. Alpheus This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Complete Hypnotism: Mesmerism, Mind-Reading and Spiritualism How to Hypnotize: Being an Exhaustive and Practical System of Method, Application, and Use Author: A. Alpheus Release Date: September 20, 2006 [eBook #19342] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK COMPLETE HYPNOTISM: MESMERISM, MIND-READING AND SPIRITUALISM*** E-text prepared by Jerry Kuntz as part of the Lawson's Progress Project Complete Hypnotism: Mesmerism, Mind-Reading and Spiritualism How to Hypnotize: Being an Exhaustive and Practical System of Method, Application, and Use by A. Alpheus 1903 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION--History of hypnotism--Mesmer--Puysegur--Braid--What is hypnotism?--Theories of hypnotism: 1. Animal magnetism; 2. The Neurosis Theory; 3. Suggestion Theory CHAPTER I--How to Hypnotize--Dr. Cocke's method-Dr. Flint's method--The French method at Paris--At Nancy--The Hindoo silent method--How to wake a subject from hypnotic sleep--Frauds of public hypnotic entertainments. CHAPTER II--Amusing experiments--Hypnotizing...
Words: 37714 - Pages: 151
...Authority: Directed Deference 7 Scarcity: The Rule of the Few Epilogue Instant Influence: Primitive Consent for an Automatic Age Notes Bibliography Index Acknowledgments About the Author Cover Copyright About the Publisher v 1 13 43 87 126 157 178 205 211 225 241 INTRODUCTION I can admit it freely now. All my life I’ve been a patsy. For as long as I can recall, I’ve been an easy mark for the pitches of peddlers, fundraisers, and operators of one sort or another. True, only some of these people have had dishonorable motives. The others—representatives of certain charitable agencies, for instance—have had the best of intentions. No matter. With personally disquieting frequency, I have always found myself in possession of unwanted magazine subscriptions or tickets to the sanitation workers’ ball. Probably this long-standing status as sucker accounts for my interest in the study of compliance: Just what are the factors that cause one person to say yes to another person? And which techniques most effectively use these factors to bring about such compliance? I wondered why it is that a request stated in a certain way will be rejected, while a request that asks for the same favor in a slightly...
Words: 111279 - Pages: 446
...Hong, Kil Dong Applying for MBA Yale University 1.Please discuss the principle elements of your educational and work experience to date. Describe your specific career objectives as a professional manager(three to five pages, double-spaced) Since I had worked in the xxx product department of xxx, established by my deceased father, the yearly income was $xx million in 19xx and in the top 10 rank in Korea, my major problem was a lack of knowledge in Finance and Management. Upon graduation from undergraduate studies, I was employed in the Management Planning Team. Because I did not have the background in business administration from majoring in English Literature in undergraduate, I realized the difficulty in grasping the concept of general company matters, marketing analysis, and setting up the short and long-term marketing plan. When I participated in the future development of xxx and sales project for 10 months that began in February 19xx, I realized that I was incapable of successfully performing my duties as an Assistant Manager with 8 staff members for a project in which the company heavily depended upon. It was then that I had realized what special talent was needed to become a successful manager. For instance, while analyzing xxx, xxx’s technological advantage and marketing strategies, I realized the importance of learning Marketing Research and Strategy. I also realized the importance of Financial Management and Corporate Financial Policies when planning...
Words: 28664 - Pages: 115
...A SECOND COURSE IN STATISTICS REGRESSION ANALYISIS Seventh Edition William Mendenhall University of Florida Terry Sincich University of South Florida Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Toronto Madrid Delhi Milan Mexico Munich City Sao Paris Paulo Montreal Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editor in Chief: Deirdre Lynch Acquisitions Editor: Marianne Stepanian Associate Content Editor: Dana Jones Bettez Senior Managing Editor: Karen Wernholm Associate Managing Editor: Tamela Ambush Senior Production Project Manager: Peggy McMahon Senior Design Supervisor: Andrea Nix Cover Design: Christina Gleason Interior Design: Tamara Newnam Marketing Manager: Alex Gay Marketing Assistant: Kathleen DeChavez Associate Media Producer: Jean Choe Senior Author Support/Technology Specialist: Joe Vetere Manufacturing Manager: Evelyn Beaton Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Carol Melville Production Coordination, Technical Illustrations, and Composition: Laserwords Maine Cover Photo Credit: Abstract green flow, ©Oriontrail/Shutterstock Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and Pearson was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mendenhall, William. A second course in...
Words: 63698 - Pages: 255
... 7 Scarcity: The Rule of the Few 178 Epilogue Instant Influence: Primitive Consent for an Automatic Age 205 Notes 211 Bibliography 225 Index 241 Acknowledgments About the Author Cover Copyright About the Publisher INTRODUCTION I can admit it freely now. All my life I’ve been a patsy. For as long as I can recall, I’ve been an easy mark for the pitches of peddlers, fundraisers, and operators of one sort or another. True, only some of these people have had dishonorable motives. The others—representatives of certain charitable agencies, for instance—have had the best of intentions. No matter. With personally disquieting frequency, I have always found myself in possession of unwanted magazine subscriptions or tickets to the sanitation workers’ ball. Probably this long-standing status as sucker accounts for my interest in the study of compliance: Just what are the factors that cause one person to say yes to another person? And which techniques most effectively use these factors to bring about such compliance? I wondered why it is that a request stated in a certain way will be rejected, while a request that asks for the same favor in a slightly different fashion will be successful. So in my role as an experimental social psychologist, I began to do research into the psychology of compliance. At first the research vi / Influence took the form of experiments performed,...
Words: 111189 - Pages: 445
...Authority: Directed Deference 7 Scarcity: The Rule of the Few Epilogue Instant Influence: Primitive Consent for an Automatic Age Notes Bibliography Index Acknowledgments About the Author Cover Copyright About the Publisher v 1 13 43 87 126 157 178 205 211 225 241 INTRODUCTION I can admit it freely now. All my life I’ve been a patsy. For as long as I can recall, I’ve been an easy mark for the pitches of peddlers, fundraisers, and operators of one sort or another. True, only some of these people have had dishonorable motives. The others—representatives of certain charitable agencies, for instance—have had the best of intentions. No matter. With personally disquieting frequency, I have always found myself in possession of unwanted magazine subscriptions or tickets to the sanitation workers’ ball. Probably this long-standing status as sucker accounts for my interest in the study of compliance: Just what are the factors that cause one person to say yes to another person? And which techniques most effectively use these factors to bring about such compliance? I wondered why it is that a request stated in a certain way will be rejected, while a request that asks for the same favor in a slightly different fashion will be successful. So in my role as an experimental social psychologist, I began to do research into the psychology of compliance. At first the research vi / Influence took the form of experiments performed, for the most part, in my laboratory and on college students. I...
Words: 111189 - Pages: 445
...Content 1.0 Introduction 3 2.1 Family Influence 5 2.2 Peer Influence 6 2.3 Life Experience 7 2.4 Personal Values and Morals 9 3.0 Law as a Guide for Moral Choices 10 3.1 Act Of Law 11 4.0 Conclusion 14 Reference 16 1.0 Introduction The field of ethics or moral philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. Philosophers today usually divide ethical theories into three general subject areas; metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics (Fieser, 2013). Metaethics investigates where our ethical principles come from, and what they mean. Are they merely social inventions? Do they involve more than expressions of our individual emotions? Metaethical answers to these questions focus on the issues of universal truths, the will of God, the role of reason in ethical judgments, and the meaning of ethical terms themselves. Normative ethics takes on a more practical task, which is to arrive at moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct. This may involve articulating the good habits that we should acquire, the duties that we should follow, or the consequences of our behavior on others. Finally, involving in examining specific controversial issues, such as abortion, infanticide, animal rights, environmental concerns, homosexuality, capital punishment, or nuclear war. By using the conceptual tools of metaethics and normative ethics, discussions in applied...
Words: 4523 - Pages: 19
...LORD MACAULAY THE MAN WHO STARTED IT ALL, AND HIS MINUTE M. S. Thirumalai, Ph. D. This article may be read in three parts: the first part deals with the life and times of Lord Macaulay, and the second part presents Macaulay's Minute on Indian Education. The third part presents the objections raised against Macaulay's Minute by Prinsep, a Secretary who dealt with matters of education in the government then. This third part presents also the orders issued by William Bentinck, the then Governor General, that upheld Macaulay's Minute, and a discussion on the identity of views held by Ram Mohun Roy and Macaulay. I believe that Macaulay's Minute is better understood and appreciated if we have some understaning of the man who wrote it. Macaulay was an extra-ordinary administrator, master of English prose, and statesman. Remember Macaulay was writing his Minute nearly 175 years ago. 1. A BRIEF SOJOURN, AN ENDURING IMPACT Lord Macaulay (Thomas Babington Macaulay) was born on October 25, 1800, and died on December 28, 1859. He arrived in India (Madras) on 10th June 1834 as a member of the Supreme Council of India. William Bentinck was the then Governor General. He returned to England early 1838, and resumed his writing career there. Macaulay was in India, thus, only for nearly four years, but he was destined to impact the lives of millions of Indians forever. 2. MACAULAY'S FAMILY Lord Macaulay's father Zachary Macaulay himself had seen overseas service in the West Indies and Sierra Leone...
Words: 19535 - Pages: 79
...How We Know What Isn't So The Fallibility of Human Reason in Everyday Life Thomas Gilovich THE FREE PRESS A Division of Macmillan, Inc. NEW YORK To Karen and liana Contents Acknowledgments 1. Introduction vn 1 PART ONE Cognitive Determinants of Questionable Beliefs 2. Something Out of Nothing: The Misperception and Misinterpretation of Random Data 3. Too Much from Too Little: The Misinterpretation of Incomplete and Unrepresentative Data 4. Seeing What We Expect to See: The Biased Evaluation of Ambiguous and Inconsistent Data 9 29 49 PART TWO Motivational and Social Determinants of Questionable Beliefs 5. Seeing What We Want to See: Motivational Determinants of Belief 6. Believing What We are Told: The Biasing Effects of Secondhand Information 7. The Imagined Agreement of Others: Exaggerated Impressions of Social Support 75 88 112 Contents PART THREE Examples of Questionable and Erroneous Beliefs 8. Belief in Ineffective "Alternative" Health Practices 9. Belief in the Effectiveness of Questionable Interpersonal Strategies 10. Belief in ESP 125 146 Acknowledgments 156 PART FOUR Where Do We Go from Here? 11. Challenging Dubious Beliefs: The Role of Social Science Notes Index 185 195 214 Four people made unusually significant contributions to this work and deserve special thanks. Lee Ross commented on drafts of many of the chapters and provided a number of his uniquely...
Words: 80718 - Pages: 323
