...manufacturing-materials-design issues involved in producing engineering housings. A housing can be defined as an “envelope designed to retain and position a range of mechanical or electrical components”1. More specifically, the aim of this essay is to discuss what aspects need to be considered when determining which materials and processes are to be used in the manufacture of a car engine cylinder block (which is considered to be a housing). First of all, an identification of the developments, difficulties and constraints introduced by the design requirement to cast (or mould) a housing will be done. Secondly, a comparison of the material/process choices between ferrous alloys and light alloys for housing applications will be developed. Thirdly, the finishing, joining and assembly aspects will be identified and finally, this essay will be ended by a discussion about how the overall organisation of the manufacturing system might be expected to change with production from cast iron to aluminium alloy engine blocks and how the manufacturer has accommodated these changes within their overall manufacturing strategy. Source : http://howautowork.com/list_of_contents/part_1/ch_1/images/cylinder%20block%202.JPG 1 2 Manufacturing...
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...The history and evolution of materials used to make automotive engine blocks The engine is an essential part of an automobile that provides tractive force to drive the entire vehicle. Most of the current engines are the integral section of a vehicle which is built in different arrangements and more complex as compared to the early engines. The common parts present in an engine include camshaft, rocker arms, pistons, crankshaft, flywheel, both oil and fuel pumps and other various components. The discovery of both light, as well as stronger engineering materials in manufacturing different parts of an engine, has had an impact on power to weight of the engine thus making the entire automobile very light. An engine block or else cylinder block is the base of an engine that accommodates about all the parts needed for an engine to perform properly. There exist mainly three configurations of an engine block, that is, horizontally-opposed, “V”- shaped as well as inline configurations. The number of cylinders within these block configurations varies from a minimum of two to a maximum of sixteen depending on the power needed. Since an engine block is the most significant part of an engine, it should satisfy quite many functional requirements. The functional requirements include; 1. Housing of the moving components and the fluids, 2. Enduring the varying thermal pressures generated during combustion process, 3. Making the automobile last longer, 4. Maintaining of the engine...
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...Wear 240 Ž2000. 168–179 www.elsevier.comrlocaterwear An experimental study of diesel engine cam and follower wear with particular reference to the properties of the materials J. Michalski ) , J. Marszalek, K. Kubiak Faculty of Mechanic Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow UniÕersity of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, ul. W. Pola 2, Poland ´ ´ Received 9 August 1999; received in revised form 17 February 2000; accepted 17 February 2000 Abstract The main objective of this paper is to study and experimentally quantify the cam and follower wear mechanisms of a diesel direct valve-gear. Camshafts are made of nodular cast iron, surface hardened, ion nitrided and nitrosulphurized, and those made of grey chilled cast iron are mated with followers made of chilled grey cast iron and hardened steel. The investigation was carried out on a laboratory bench equipped with an engine head with a camshaft, followers and systems creating the conditions necessary for a routine run of the valve gear. Cam wear was defined by comparing the profile lifts of the cams. The height of the followers was measured using a coordinative measuring machine and a perpendicular optimeter. The rotational speed, valve displacement and the torque required by the valve gear were measured. Camshaft C9 and the thimble shaped followers with regulating plates F6 were also examined in a diesel engine. The effects of the materials the kinematic pair was made of, heat treatment and thermochemical treatment,...
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...Projections---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 Reference-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22 Summary American Iron Inc. is a manufacturing company. Our company’s objective is to manufacture, using existing foundry practices, grey and ductile cast iron components for public works and highway use, based in the North East United States. The construction industry is finally looking at an upturn in its fortunes after the disastrous effects of the global financial crisis. Because of this upturn in the economy, the construction industry is bouncing back. The North East United States needs substantial infrastructure upgradation and improvements (C. Campbell, Campbell Foundries, personal communication 9-24-2014). Foundries in the United States slowly closed down during the financial crisis. There used to be plenty of foundries all over the United States that used to make cast iron manhole covers and grates. Now there are only 4 in all of the USA. None of these are in the north east selling to possibly the biggest growing market in the country. The New York, Boston, Washington DC, Philadelphia and Baltimore area is the most populous area in the country and growing every year. This growth will need to be met. More houses, developments, road, bridges are all going to be built. This is where our company comes into play. We will supply the...
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...compliance with all government regulations that affect the industry. For this task, you will select your client from your actual place of employment, a local small business, or a well-known public company. Task: Develop a social responsibility strategy for your chosen client which includes the following components: 1. Environmental considerations and recommendations 2. Ethical leadership considerations and recommendations 3. Sustainability considerations and recommendations 4. Legal and regulatory considerations and recommendations Note: This may be a strategy for the company's current product line or service and current business objectives, or it may be a strategy that recommends a new direction for the company. Step 1: The company I work for is an iron foundry. The company makes cast iron parts for other industries. This involves industrial marketing of iron casting. Usually, the castings are sold to other plants within the same industrial area. This cuts down the transportation cost. Step 2: There are serious environmental considerations which include: the furnace, degassing, and pouring all produce toxic fumes. The surface cleaning and finishing produces pollutants that are released in drain water. The social responsibility...
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...Warehouse function Historically warehouses were a dominant part of the urban landscape used from the start of the Industrial Revolution through the 19th century and into the twentieth century: the building remained when their original usage had changed. There are four identifiable types of warehouses. The cotton industry was co-terminus with the development of the warehouse, and all five types were represented in Manchester, United Kingdom. Warehouses in Manchester were often lavishly decorated juxtaposing with the modern view of warehouses which are assumed to be standard industrial buildings. Display of Goods for Sale These displayed goods for the home trade. This would be finished goods- such as the latest cotton blouses or fashion items. There street frontage was impressive, so they took the styles of Italianate Palazzos. Richard Cobden's construction in Mosley Street was the first palazzo warehouse. There were already seven warehouses on Portland Street when they commenced building the elaborate Watts Warehouse of 1855, but four more were opened before it was finished. It was this type of warehouse that inspired the Germans in Duesseldorf and Muenchen to name their prestigious departmental stores, 'Warenhausen'. Overseas Warehouses These catered for the overseas trade. They became the meeting places for overseas wholesale buyers where printed and plain could be discussed and ordered. Trade in cloth in Manchester was conducted by many nationalities. Behrens Warehouse...
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...with the name of Rangpur Foundry Ltd. The founder of the company was the late Major Gen (retd) Amjad Khan Chowdhury, a leading member of the Ahmaddiya Community in Bangladesh. RFL started its journey with Cast Iron (CI) products in 1980. To eradicate poverty from the society and generate employment for the people of Bangladesh. The initial main objective was to ensure pure water and affordable irrigation instruments for improving rural life. RFL produced cast iron products specially tube well, water pump and other farm implements with a view to ensuring pure drinking water and cheap irrigation facilities for the rural mass. With a vision to serve the common people of Bangladesh with quality necessary products, PRAN has started its operation in 1981 as a process fruits and vegetable in Bangladesh. Then RFL diversified its operation into PVC category in 1996 and in plastic sector in 2003. At present, PRAN-RFL Groups manufactured products have earned extensive acceptability and acclaim both within the country and abroad. Today RFL has its wide ranges of CI products like pumps, tube wells, bearings, gas stoves etc and has achieved the prestige as the largest cast iron foundry and light engineering workshop in Bangladesh. It is the market leader in all these three sectors- Cast Iron, PVC and Plastic in the country. Sizeable amount is also exported to different countries. And the food product sector PRAN currently exports to more than 100 countries around the world. PRAN-RFL Group...
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...What were Chuck Noland’s most prized possessions while stranded on a deserted island? The three items that helped Noland survive while stranded on a deserted are, a Wilson Volleyball, a broken pocket watch, and portable toilet. The items that he uses can no longer function, but he finds ways to make each item work to his advantage. The first thing Chuck Noland finds most valuable is a Wilson Volleyball. He came across a FedEx package containing a Wilson Volleyball and they instantly became best friends. One day, while talking to Wilson, Noland cut his hand, blamed it on Wilson and palmed him away. He felt bad, so he went to find where he landed. Chuck Noland felt so bad that he emphasizes to Wilson, “I’m dory, Wilson. Wilson, I’m sorry! I’m...
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...production crew is 125 men on each of two shifts, or 250 men in total. Usually, about 122 of the 125 scheduled workers actually come to work. Profit margins have been steadily declining in recent years and are now at dangerously low point. Gray iron foundries in Detroit are closing in droves in the early 1970s due to declining auto industry, the move to lighter materials (alumunium vs. iron) induced by the oil “crisis”, the depressed “rust bell” economy in general, and a trend to new materials technologies. Those foundries that remain have good backlogs because they are picking up the extra volume from those that close. But, trying to raise prices just increases the rate of defecting customers even more. For companies that want to stay in the business, the trick is to accept iron casting prices (or maybe even cut them!) and learn how to make a profit (“price based costing”). Freddie Jones, son of the founder, has just returned from two years in a well-known rural eastern business school and is convinced “new management ideas” can turn around the company’s declining fortunes. He would like the company to switch from an hourly pay systems to a unit of production pay system for the foundry...
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...Castaway The films castaway was directed by Robert Zemeckis. The film is about an Express Systems Analyst who lives and dies by the clock’. He is very obsessed with his job and time even he has put his relationship in the second place but when the plane crushes in the Pacific Ocean, he finds himself strands on a small isolated island. He has all the time to figure out how to survive. In the film we can see the use of visual techniques in showing changes of the main character. Camera shots are used to demonstrate different aspects of character. A wide shot is used after the plane crushes, When chuck was struggling on the yellow life raft floating alone in the big ocean and at that time the weather was bad, heavily raining. This is shows us how small and how powerless he is. The director also uses a when shot when Chuck first arrive the island to show a empty place with no life, no ship and no technology so this means he has to finds water, food shelter and a way to prevent himself from being destroyed by loneliness. Another camera shot that the director uses is close up shots. The close up shots are focusing on his face and hand when he was making a fire to show us that it is huge progress from him because we can see he bites his lip, grills his teeth and there are some sweat on his face. He is concentrating very hard. There are other close up focused on his hand when he used his finger to draw eyes, nose and mouth and gives it a name ‘Wilson’ He shares his feelings with it...
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...Otto Dix was born in Germany on December of 1891. He was the oldest son of Louise and Franz. His mother was a seamstress and his father toiled in an iron foundry. Otto Dix spent countless hours expose to art at an early age with his cousin Fritz Amann. Fritz painted landscapes, Dix began as an apprentice with the landscape painter Carl Senff at age fifteen. He later joined the Kunstgewerbeshchule at age nineteen in an academy of applied arts. In the early 20th century he began his own road painting landscapes. World War I was greeted with joy by many capitols of Europe. In August 1914 war was declared and Dix enlisted in the German Army. He served on the frontlines on both the western and eastern battles, he reached the rank of Vizfeledwebel, Vice-Staff Sergeant. Many believed the war would be over by Christmas but the stalemate lasted four years. In August 1918 along the western fronts he took a near death wound to the neck, the war ended and he was discharged in September 1918. During the war he quietly wrote and sketched about his horrifying experience. He described recurring nightmares “in which he crawled through bombed houses.” After his military discharge he resumed art studies but soon the war crept into his work. His paintings described anger against Germany in the way they treated wounded and crippled ex-soldiers. Painting such as Butcher’s Shop (1920), War Cripples (1920), and War wounded (1922). Despite the reflections in his paintings only one would cause commotion...
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... until dough is smooth. Divide dough into 10 equal pieces, rolling each piece into a ball. Allow to rest, covered with plastic wrap, for at least 30 minutes. 2. Once dough has rested, preheat cast iron skillet over medium-high heat (do not use nonstick for this). Roll out each ball into a circle, about 6 inches in diameter. Cook one at a time in the hot skillet for about 60 seconds, flipping half-way through, when it starts to puff and a few brown spots have appeared on the first side. Keep warm by wrapping the stacked tortillas in a clean dishcloth. Bottom of Form Description Make your own fast and easy wraps/tortillas Summary | | | | | | Ingredients 2 | Cup | flour | 1⁄2 | Teaspoon | salt | 1 | Cup | water | 3 | Tablespoon | oil | Instructions 1. In a large bowl, mix flour and salt. Add water and oil. Stir until it sticks together to make a dough ball. More flour may need to be added until it sticks together. 2. On lightly floured surface, knead the dough 5-6 times until smooth dough is formed. Seperate dough into 8 equal portions and roll into balls. 3. Flatten each ball and roll out into a 7" (or so) thin circle. 4. Heat up a nonstick skillet on medium high. Spray pan and cook each tortilla for 1 minute per side. 5. Serve warm and enjoy! Notes Cast iron skillets work the best for this recipe. It's so easy to roll out the tortillas, I cook one while I'm rolling out the next. The thinner you can roll them the better--even a tear in it is okay...
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...Unit Title: Manage Human Resources Strategic Planning Read the following case study on “Kangaroo Foundry Castings”. Answer the 5 questions below: Kangaroo Foundry Castings was established by Nav Suderland in the late 1930’s after the Great Depression. His vision was to provide Australian-made iron castings at a time when they were imported from Britain. The Business, based in South Wollongong in New South Wales (NSW), produced casting lamp posts and manhole covers for the sewerage system. It also catered to the needs of the defence forces during the Second World War. Additional contracts also came from government client’s including the NSW railways. The business is now owned and managed by the third generation of the family – two brothers and one of their cousins. This team has been running the business for the past 20 years and make all the decisions. They still do business with the government departments. They have been investing in updating their plant and equipment. A major portion of the business comes from small private manufacturers who need iron casting parts for their products. The transport cost of delivering the raw materials has also gone up and the local government has imposed strict regulations because manufacturing the castings has a direct impact on the environment. Most of the Kangaroo Foundry Casting’s customers are no longer in NSW due to tough competition. The demand for their products has changed. Their customers are now looking for cheaper...
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...Terrence J. Bradshaw Group 8 4/23/2015 Political Concerns Georgia Public Broadcasting is a state run network which is a sub division of the PBS membership television stations. GPB is catered towards Georgia and issues surrounding the state. Where that be in regards to politics, murder cases, entertainment segments, and or other things happening in the state of Georgia. GPB has been known for its very non-biased approach to reporting. In a way GPB is like C-Span. It reports heavily on news and issues however it tries not to sway in regards to being bias. A news station as large as GPB has to be careful when reporting on the news because they wouldn’t want to lose advertisers which subsequently brings in revenue. For example if they seem to liberal conservative companies might back out of supporting the station and vice versa. Thus, GPB tries to remain objective yet unbiased when reporting on news (Mendez 42). April 20th, 2015 I sat down and watched two hours of nonstop GPB. I wanted to really grasp the political feel the network gave off. Despite my efforts there was not much to obtain from the programming. Strategically unbiased programming is what GPB specializes in. For example many of their segments are dedicated to sports. As reported by the Huffington Post in 2008, sports is the one thing that Americans seemingly agree on. Despite the different teams one might like there isn’t a political divide in the liking of sports itself. Sports is an easy way to get ratings up...
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...Social Media Responsibilities Jana Keeley Hum/186 June 05, 2012 Tanny Rodriguez Responsibilities of news media include providing the society a truthful, objectives and balanced news and information while respecting the secrecy of issues related to national security. Known tasks of journalists in the entertainment media are In the social responsibility theory of the press, the media is driven to benefit the public. It expects journalists to answer society's need for truth, requires an open and diverse debate on public issues, and honest updates of current events. In this model, media ethics is automatic because the press is free to serve its purpose for the public, as opposed to special interest groups or advertisers( referenced below). Another condition of the social responsibility model, is that news reporting cannot be dependent on groups that may encourage bias and unethical practices in exchange for financial support catchy headlines which directly affect civilians. The public learns about government and politics primarily through television and nationwide newspapers. The media has a choice of which stories to cover. Recent studies prove the exposures can have a sizeable impact in shaping the public’s view on politics. Media coverage shapes attitudes and behaviors related to judging ones capabilities of running for office. It’s a known fact that citizens often times seek out information that agrees with their pre-existing views. People will relate with a politician...
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