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Nez Perce Horse Culture

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Nez Perce Horse Culture and War of 1877

The Nez Perce is a Pacific Northwestern tribe. The Nez Perce territory from 1804 to 1807 was approximately 17,000,000 acres, it covered parts of Washington, Oregon, Montana and Idaho. The Nez Perce Nation governs and lives within its reservation in Idaho. They were among one of the many plains tribes that acquired horses which rapidly changed their life style.

The Nez Perce tribe had acquired the horse in 1730 from the Shoshone. The Nez Perce territory was a rich environment for breeding quality horses. The tribe developed a strict breeding practice. They would geld inferior stallions and trade away the poorer to cull unsuitable stock from the gene pool. They lived in an area relatively safe from …show more content…
They were able to sell their horses for much more than most other horses. They were also able to make trades with settlers and other tribes.

Ranchers rode up the Wallowa Plateau in search of grass for their cattle that had been suffering from the severe drought and saw thousands of head of horses in the meadow. Rancher and settlers began to invade the Nez Perce reservations. As their land grew smaller so did the herds of Nez Perce horses.

In 1863 the Nez Perce signed a treaty that 90% of their reservation was given to the United Sates, leaving only 750,000 acers in the Idaho Territory. Due to the terms of the treaty, all Nez Perce were to move onto the new reservation. However, a large number of Nez Perce did not accept the agreements of the treaty and refused to move on. The “non-treaty” Nez Perce included the band of Chief Joseph, who lived in the Wallowa valley. Disputes in Wallowa Valley with the white farmers and ranchers led to the deaths of several Nez …show more content…
In June, three young Nez Perce went out on a mission of revenge on the Salmon River settlers, they killed four white men and wounded another man who had previously treated the Indians badly. This led to General Howard mobilizing his military force and sent out 130 men, including 13 friendly Nez Perce scouts under the command of Captain David Perry to punish the Nez Perce and to force them onto the reservation. General Howard anticipated that the task would be an easy feat to accomplish but to his surprise the Nez Perce were able to defeat Captain Perry. This began the Nez Perce’s long flight east to escape from the U.S. soldiers and many small battles along the way.

Three bands of Nez Perce came together, Chief Joseph, White Bird and Looking Glass. There were approximately 250 warriors, and 500 women and children with more than 2,000 head of horses and other livestock that began a fighting retreat. They traveled from Idaho over Lolo pass traveling southeast, dropping into parts of Yellowstone National Park and then back up through Montana, roughly 1,170 miles. They tried to get help from the Crow Indians but they refused. The Nez Perce decided they would try to get to Canada for

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