...IRELAND Gaelic football and Hurling is a deep Irish passion, and a physical celebration of ancient traditions and culture. Gaelic football and hurling almost have the same rules but with few differences. Gaelic Football can be said to be a mixture of soccer, rugby and basketball, although it predates all of those games. It is a field game, which has evolved along similar lines as Australian Rules Football. The rules for Gaelic Football is that each team has 15 players. The ball is a lot smaller than a soccer ball is. 1. The ball can be carried in the hand for a distance of four steps and can be kicked or "hand-passed", a striking motion with the hand or fist. 2. After every four steps the ball must either be bounced or "solo-ed". Soloed is an action of dropping the ball onto the foot and kicking it back into the hand while you are running. 3. Another rule is that you may not bounce the ball twice in a row. 4. To score, you put the ball over the crossbar by foot or hand/fist for one point or under the crossbar and into the net (a football goal) by foot or the hand/fist where you get three points. Gaelic football is the most popular sport in Ireland and is also played in London and New York. Hurling was invented in Ireland about 2000 years ago. Hurling is similar to the sports lacrosse or hockey. It's played on a large area with a curved wooden stick called a hurley and a small ball that’s is called sliotar. It's one of the fastest games afield. Hurling is a physical...
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...Abstract The National Football League (NFL) is considered the strongest, most lucrative, and financially resilient professional sport globally. While the NFL has been a huge success in the United States, exporting American football to other countries has not had the same success. NFL Europa was launched with the aim of introducing the sport to European countries but after facing 15 years of financial losses, the NFL Europa program ended in 2007. NFL then launched the NFL International Series—a program primarily geared to export real NFL games overseas. While the program is still young, it yields promising results. NFL has pointed out that education is the key in acquiring potential foreign markets; research studies show that most people around the globe consider American football as a complex and confusing sport. Keywords: NFL, NFL International Series, NFL Europa, foreign markets, NFL overseas games, American football Business opportunities are like buses, there’s always another one coming. -Richard Branson Introduction The NFL is the largest, highest grossing professional sports league globally, but has struggled to export American football to other countries. It has been established that educating potential fans will result in a larger global audience. The NFL is making great strides at creating a successful global brand. Global Market Entry Currently the NFL is using the NFL International Series as their course of entry into the global...
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...Running head: THE IMPACT OFWESTERN SPORTS 1 The Impact of Western Sports to Chinese Traditional Sports Lyon (Yanqing, Huang) Northeastern University THE IMPACT OFWESTERN SPORTS 2 Abstract With the advent of the globalization era, the conflict in different cultural exchange becomes prominent, especially the difference between Chinese and western sports culture. The difference is largely due to the different historical and cultural background. Each of them has made a sense to the development of its own society and influenced our understanding of sports and main sport activities in the wide world. What's more, because of the impact western sport, Chinese traditional sport has changed a lot compared with last century. THE IMPACT OFWESTERN SPORTS 3 The General With the advent of the globalization era, the conflict in different cultural exchange becomes prominent, especially the difference between Chinese and western sports culture. The difference is largely due to the different historical and cultural background. Each of them has made a sense to the development of its own society and influenced our understanding of sports and main sport activities in the wide world. What's more, because of the impact western sport, Chinese traditional sport has changed a lot compared with last century...
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...The National Football League (NFL) is a professional American football league composed of 32 teams divided equally between the National Football Conference (NFC) and the American Football Conference (AFC). The highest level of professional football in the world,[4] the NFL runs a 17-week regular season from the week after Labor Day to the week after Christmas, with each team playing sixteen games and having one bye week. Out of the league's 32 teams, six (four division winners and two wild-card teams) from each conference compete in the NFL playoffs, a single-elimination tournament culminating in the Super Bowl, played between the champions of the NFC and AFC. Most games are played on Sundays, with games regularly held on Mondays and Thursdays. The NFL was formed on August 20, 1920 as the American Professional Football Conference; the league changed its name to the American Professional Football Association (APFA) on September 17, 1920 and changed their name to the National Football League on June 24, 1922 after spending the 1920 and 1921 season as the APFA. In 1966, the NFL agreed to merge effective 1970 with the rival American Football League (AFL); the first Super Bowl was held at the end of that same season in January 1967. Today, the NFL has the highest average attendance (67,591) of any professional sports league in the world[5] and is the most popular sports league in the United States. The Super Bowl is among the biggest club sporting events in the world[6] and individual...
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...Why American society needed heroes in the aftermath of World War II- Paul Gallico, described athletic stars as "the Golden People", nothing that in the years following World War I sport had " its first million-dollar prizefights, and the adulation of sports heroes rose to the point almost of national hysteria". As World War I came to a close, however, the " Golden People" were anything but. The horrible devastation of the war and its terrible new weapons had shattered the idealistic notions of the Progressive reformers. The decade of the 1920s was termed the "Golden Age of Sports", and the media's creation of sport heroes during this time provided a stabilizing influence in a rapidly changing American culture. Sports stars were lionized as All-American types who exemplified American cultural values. The Four Horsemen of Notre Dame represented the American ideology of spirit, teamwork, and assimilation of diverse groups within society. Babe Ruth, the most famous of all the athletic heroes, symbolized the American dream, the land of opportunity and meritocracy, where one could succeed despite humble origins. The depiction of such heroes presented a more homogenous culture and solidified an American cultural identity, but it also masked social tensions inherent in the United States in the aftermath of World War I and during the Great Depression and World War II The media's role in constructing a popular culture- The new communication medium of radio became commonplace...
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...______________________________________________________________________________ This case was written by Professors George E. Belch and Michael A. Belch. It is intended to be used as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a management situation. The case was compiled from published sources. Company Background Under Armour (UA) was founded in 1996 by Kevin Plank, a former Maryland football player, who began by selling compression clothing that could “wick” sweat away from the body to college sports teams out of the trunk of his car. Plank was a football player at the University of Maryland, and hated wearing cotton shirts to practice in the hot, humid Maryland climate. Knowing that he would never be an NFL player, Plank devoted his efforts to starting a company that could make a product that would be an improvement over cotton, in that it would not absorb sweat and be much more functional and comfortable to wear. Once made, he started selling the shirts to the lacrosse and football teams at the University of Maryland out of the trunk of his car. In 1998, the football oriented movie “Any Given Sunday” was being filmed in Baltimore where Under Armour is based. The producers of the movie were looking for a product that would represent the athletic nature of the movie and be comfortable to wear during filming. Under Armour agreed to provide products, and UA shirts were used throughout the filming and appeared in the movie itself, resulting...
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...Technology Reebok NFL Replica Jerseys: A Case for Postponement1 “This time of year is a little too exciting for us. I have a warehouse full of jerseys out there and retailers are screaming for the teams and players I don’t have! Every year, it seems like we have the right mix of inventory going into the season, and then some team that no one expected to do well gets off to a 4-0 start, and the team everyone expected to contend for the Super Bowl is losing games. Suddenly I have 1000s of jerseys I can’t sell and 1000s of orders I can’t fill.” Tony is responsible for the inventory of NFL replica jerseys that Reebok maintains in their central distribution center. It is early October, and the NFL season is well underway. “No wonder we call this the chase, I feel like I have been running for months, I’m exhausted. I wish there was someway to plan inventory that would allow me to react faster to hot players and teams. But with player demand changing so much from year to year, I really can’t increase inventory, in fact I like to minimize inventory at year-end.” Background Reebok International Ltd. is headquartered in Canton, Mass. The company employs approximately 7400 people, and is widely known for their sports apparel and footwear brands. Reebok was still a small British shoe company in 1979, when Paul Fireman acquired the exclusive North American license to sell Reebok shoes.2 In 1985 Reebok USA acquired the original British Reebok, and Reebok International went public. Reebok...
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...Sport MarHeting Quarterly, 2006, 15, 114-123, © 2006 West Virginia University Coca-Cola vs. PepsiCo — A "Super'' Battleground for the Cola Wars? Steve M. McKelvey Overview of the Soft Drink Industry Coca-Cola: The Defending Champion Since its inception in the late 1800s, Coca-Cola has experienced meteoric growth, progressing from nine glasses per day to nearly 4.5 billion cases on an annual basis ("Top 10," 2004). Today, Coca-Cola offers nearly 400 brands in over 200 countries and controls the highest market share (44%) in the soft drink market ("Top 10," 2004). In addition to its leading global market-share, Coca-Cola also retains the title of having the most popular individual beverage in the world in Coca-Cola Classic, with an 18.6% market share ("Top 10," 2004). Additionally, in 2003 it placed four beverages in the top 10 for individual product sales: Coke Classic (#1), Diet Coke (3), Sprite (5), and Caffeine Free Diet Coke (8) ("Top 10," 2004). Through Research & Development (R&D) and acquisitions, Coca-Cola has also expanded its product line to include non-carbonated beverage products, including: Dasani, Fanta, Fruitopia, Hi-C, Minute Maid, and Mr. Pibb. In 2003, Coca-Cola spent approximately $1.9 billion on marketing and advertising. In November 2004, Coca-Cola CEO Neville Isdell stated that "[Marketing expenditures] would rise by $350-$400 million a year ... forever" (Marketplace Roundup, 2004). Pepsi-Cola: The Challenger With the exception of brief bankruptcy...
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...1996 he received funding from Microsoft and Advance Micro Devices which lead in the development of the game company Digital Anvil and Robert became the chairman and CEO of the company. Chris Roberts is known for the creation of many games like Privateer, Strike Commander, and Freelancer, but the game that gave him his reputation was the game Wing Commander series. In 1990 The Wing Commander was introduced to the world and by 1995 the Wing Commander series made over 110 million in revenue. In Wing Commander,...
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...improve their competitive value against Nike. Unit 1 Case Study - NIKE Over the years, there have been many companies that have ventured into the business of dealing in sporting equipment to include athletic shoes, athletic clothing, and athletic equipment. Nike has emerged as one of the leading brands of athletic products since the creation of the brand in 1962. At the time of its inception, Nike was first known as Blue Ribbon Sports and the main focus was “on providing high-quality running shoes designed for athletes by athletes” (Keller & Kotler, 2012, p. 29). A product that began with the creation of “lighter and better” running shoes has transformed into an international brand that is known by the simple image of a “swoosh” (Sanusi et al, 2014). The following sections will answer a series of questions in regards to the brand, and how a rival company may be able to better compete with the marketing campaign of this globally renowned name. What are the pros, cons, and risks associated with Nike’s core marketing strategy? From the inception of the company, Nike’s core marketing strategy has been based around utilizing talented athletes as the spokesperson, and an aggressive ad campaign to put the brand in front of the consumers. This marketing strategy was first geared towards the sport of running by using Steve Prefontaine as the first spokesperson for the brand. Nike looked for an athlete that...
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...January of 1998 was an eventful start to the year, with many things happening not only on a national and international scale, but a state and local one as well. In international news, stories ranged from a gunman in the Philippines holding hostages, to Ford buying Volvo. In the Philippines, a gunman held 400 captive in an abandoned elementary school on January 29 of 1998 (“Gunmen Hold 400 Captive In Philippines For Hours”). Looking to brighter international news, a painting by Michelangelo sold for $7.4 million also on January 29. The painting, named “Christ and the Woman of Samaria,” sold at Sotheby’s auction house, and bidding started at $4.5 million (“Bidder Pays $7.4 Million For Michelangelo Work”). Also in international news, Ford confirmed...
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...Table of Contents Future of League Drafts and Age Entry…………………………………….4 Changes in drug testing policies in professional sports…………….7 League Finances……………………………………………………………………..9 Player Safety…………………………………………………………………………..11 ABSTRACT Professional sports are leagues that are made for the best of the best athletes in sports. Once a player leaves the collegiate level of sports and moves into the professional level, he is now competing every day for his job. Owners try hard to build their team from the ground up. When a team is struggling, owners try to find new solutions to bring in team revenue and on the other hand when a team is successful owners try hard to keep players by offering large contracts that they can afford. To keep order on teams, leagues have strict drug testing policy that keeps players healthy and allows the playing field to be fair. Leagues make changes for the better of the players and the fans. In order to market effectively leagues do what it takes to allow more access to the fans by using technology. Commissioners take notice on feedback from players and fans in order to make the sport safer to play and fun to watch. When watching a professional sports game, we do not see the orchestrating job of the league commissioner, team owners, and players. From players entering the league at a young age from college, they need to be ready to compete for their position and take in all the rules the league hand out. Super star players carry...
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...Level: Bachelor's Degree Reference Code: 9474BR.1290 About CBS CBS Corporation (NYSE: CBS.A and CBS) is a mass media company with constituent parts that reach back to the beginnings of the broadcast industry, as well as newer businesses that operate on the leading edge of the media industry. The Company, through its many and varied operations, combines broad reach with well-positioned local businesses, all of which provide it with an extensive distribution network by which it serves audiences and advertisers in all 50 states and key international markets. It has operations in virtually every field of media and entertainment, including broadcast television (CBS and The CW — a joint venture between CBS Corporation and Warner Bros. Entertainment), cable television (Showtime Networks and CBS College Sports Network), local television (CBS Television Stations), television production and syndication (CBS Television Studios, CBS Studios International and CBS Television Distribution), radio (CBS Radio), advertising on out-of-home media (CBS Outdoor), publishing (Simon&Schuster), interactive media (CBS Interactive), music (CBS Records), licensing and merchandising (CBS Consumer Products), video/DVD (CBS Home Entertainment) and motion pictures (CBS Films). CBS Corporation places a high value on providing equal employment opportunity and maintaining a diverse workforce. Temp Manager, Program Marketing & Advertising Description: The position manages the...
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...Chapter 1 Case Study: Harmonix Embrace Your Inner Rock Star Little more than three years ago, you had probably never heard of Harmonix. In 2005, the video game design studio released Guitar Hero, which subsequently became the fastest video game in history to top $1 billion in North American sales. The game concept focuses around a plastic guitar-shaped controller. Players press colored buttons along the guitar neck to match a series of dots that scroll down the TV in time with music from a famous rock tune, such as the Ramones’ “I Wanna Be Sedated” and Deep Purple’s “Smoke on the Water.” Players score points based on their accuracy. In November 2007, Harmonix released Rock Band, adding drums, vocals, and bass guitar options to the game. Rock Band has sold over 3.5 million units with a $169 price tag (most video games retail at $50 to $60). In 2006, Harmonix’s founders sold the company to Viacom for $175 million, maintaining their operational autonomy while providing them greater budgets for product development and licensing music for their games. Harmonix’s success, however, did not come overnight. The company was originally founded by Alex Rigopulos and Eran Egozy in 1995, focused around some demo software they had created in grad school and a company vision of providing a way for people without much musical training or talent to experience the joy of playing and creating music. The founders believed that if people had the opportunity to create their own music, they would jump...
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...able to use the performing enhancing drugs to stop the drama of players who use them now even though they are illegal. For some sports are there life whether its playing or watching them and almost everyone has a favorite player in the sport they are most interested in. A classic case of the use of a famous baseball player that was loved in Boston but ended up being caught using these performance enhancing drugs is Manny Ramirez. According to the article “Red Sox’ Manny Ramirez tribute was embarrassing”, “Manny Ramirez hit like Jimmie Foxx for 7 ½ seasons in Boston, but it turned out he was cheating with PEDs the whole time” (Dan Shaughnessy). Many people did not like Manny after they found out he had been on PEDs for the Red Soxs’ World Series Championship in 2004. Manny had been a powerhouse all season along with big papi hitting home runs almost every at bat. After Ramirez had been cut from the Soxs due to taking PEDs he tried his career in Los Angeles but seemed to do nothing special there and he drifted away from the MLB after Los Angeles cut him. So it seemed that Ramirez's’ success with the Red Soxs’ was the highlight of career was mainly due to the use of PEDs. Ramirez cheated his way to fame in the MLB and is now looked to as a dirt bag and hasn't been mentioned in the MLB in a while. home runs almost every at bat. After Ramirez had been cut from the Soxs due to taking PEDs he tried his career in Los Angeles but seemed to do nothing special there and he drifted away from...
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