...Last NFL season Colin Kaepernick decided to protest racial injustice in the U.S by taking a knee during the national anthem before his games. This local movement quickly sparked discussions across conservative media who “ignored Kaepernick’s stated intentions and instead accused him of being unpatriotic and disrespectful of the American flag” (Illing 2018) However, this was not what brought Kaepernick to news headlines. The controversy exploded when President Donald Trump responded to the situation by saying, “Wouldn’t you love to see one of these NFL owners ... say, ‘Get that son of a bitch off the field right now. He’s fired!’ (Graham 2017). Overall the NFL protests demonstrate how the snowballing turmoil of a country can make its way into...
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...December 12, 2014 “A life is not important except in the impact it has on other lives”. This quote proved true for no one more than the man who said it, Jackie Robinson. Robinson is seen as a pivotal figure in the fight for racial equality in America. However, he didn’t make his impact through speeches, civil right protests, or violent rebellion. Robinson did it by playing the sport he loved, baseball. Sports have always had an ability to bring people together, but, in the last century especially, sports have given racial minorities something they can’t find elsewhere; a chance to compete on a level playing field with everyone else. Jackie Robinson showed that race is simply a myth, a superficial characteristic that holds no insight to the physical or mental abilities of a person. Sports by themselves show no racism and serve as a constant reminder of this racial myth. Sadly, people are more reluctant to abandon old beliefs; meaning racism still runs deep in the organizations that are built around these sports. This research paper will focus mainly on three subcategories: 1) The history of the relationship between sports and race in America; 2) How sports have benefited or damaged race relations; 3) Why certain sports are more popular among different races. The history of sports in America dates all the way back to the Native Americans who played an early form of lacrosse that was used for recreation and promoting teamwork. Early settlers didn’t pay much mind to the sports of...
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...NCAA Football Student-Athletes Top college football programs make hundreds of millions of dollars in revenues each year, all without having to pay the people who actually play the game. Is it ethical for colleges to not pay their football stars for playing their hearts out on the field, building popular branding images for themselves and their school, and for the collective big-money earnings and prestige that often comes to their schools? Or is indirect payment to these players in the form of a free undergraduate education and college degree through an athletic scholarship sufficient enough? In the 2012 NFL season, 1,947 players played in at least one game. Of those, 62% attended college at one of the five “power conferences” in the U.S., and only one of those players did not attend college at all.[i] Donald Remy, the NCAA chief legal officer has said, “The NCAA’s rules do not force athletes who wish to be professionals to enroll in school,”[ii] yet premier NCAA schools clearly offer the best path to fulfilling these hopeful football players’ dreams. Nevertheless, despite the more opportunistic path of attending a Division I school, a NFL team ultimately drafts only 1.6% of NCAA senior football players.[iii] Meanwhile, the top schools themselves often profit nicely from their players through ticket sales, alumni donations, media rights, and branding, all while paying large salaries to coaches and building state-of-the-art athletic facilities. The...
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...TRUE/FALSE 1. GOOGLE CONDUCTS RESEARCH ON JAPAN’S CONSUMERS BECAUSE THEIR HEAVY USE OF CELL PHONES TO ACCESS THE INTERNET. Ans: T Page: 2 AACSB: Technology 2. Consumer behavior involves more than buying and using goods and services. Ans: T Page: 3 AACSB: Analytic 3. The average U.S. household spends $127 per day on goods and services. Ans: T Page: 5 AACSB: Analytic 4. Online shopping is growing by more than 30 percent every year. Ans: F Page: 8 AACSB: Technology 5. The primary reason, according to your text, that people prefer to shop online is that there is a wide selection. Ans: F Page: 10 AACSB: Technology 6. The four domains of consumer behavior are (1) psychological, (2) the process of making decisions, (3) the consumer’s family upbringing, and (4) consumer behavior outcomes. Ans: F Page: 11 AACSB: Analytic 7. In consumer behavior, recognizing a problem occurs when consumers realize they have an unfilled need. Ans: T Page: 12 AACSB: Analytic 8. Culture refers only to the typical or expected behaviors or norms of religious groups. Ans: F Page: 13 AACSB: Analytic 9. Jack is an avid gamer and meets John, who plays similar video games. Jack would consider John as a part of his reference group. Ans: T Page: 14 AACSB: Analytic 10. One reason marketers study consumer behavior is because it helps them to create new products. Ans: T Page: 16 AACSB: Analytic 11. Research indicates that we understand the...
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...DMBA 610 Knowledge Integration Exam Fall 2015 ________________________________________Please read all instructions carefully before you begin. 1) Use the provided Student Exam Answer Sheet. Include your responses to all questions in the column, “Your Response” next to the appropriate question. This ONE Exam Answer Sheet document should be saved with your last name and "final," -- e.g. "Smithfinal"-- and posted in your Assignment Folder no later than 11:59 PM (EST), Sunday, November 15th, 2015. This exam also must be submitted to Turnitin.com It is recommended that you submit your exam to Turnitin.com at least 24 hours before the deadline to allow you sufficient time to address any issues identified in the Originality Report prior to posting your exam in your Assignment Folder. Please note: The exam questions are already included on the Answer Sheet. If the exam content is recognized as non-original by Turnitin, it will be ignored in analyzing your Turnitin report. Do not include any repeat of the exam case content on your Answer Sheet. Only place your answers and references on the Answer Sheet. 2) No extensions may be granted on this assignment; be sure to submit it on time and check to make sure that the document you submitted is readable and what you intended to submit. NOTE: This is an individual assignment. Any discussion or collaboration regarding the assignment constitutes a violation of UMUC's Academic Dishonesty and Plagiarism Policy. If you have any...
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...Chapter 1 Case Study: Harmonix Embrace Your Inner Rock Star Little more than three years ago, you had probably never heard of Harmonix. In 2005, the video game design studio released Guitar Hero, which subsequently became the fastest video game in history to top $1 billion in North American sales. The game concept focuses around a plastic guitar-shaped controller. Players press colored buttons along the guitar neck to match a series of dots that scroll down the TV in time with music from a famous rock tune, such as the Ramones’ “I Wanna Be Sedated” and Deep Purple’s “Smoke on the Water.” Players score points based on their accuracy. In November 2007, Harmonix released Rock Band, adding drums, vocals, and bass guitar options to the game. Rock Band has sold over 3.5 million units with a $169 price tag (most video games retail at $50 to $60). In 2006, Harmonix’s founders sold the company to Viacom for $175 million, maintaining their operational autonomy while providing them greater budgets for product development and licensing music for their games. Harmonix’s success, however, did not come overnight. The company was originally founded by Alex Rigopulos and Eran Egozy in 1995, focused around some demo software they had created in grad school and a company vision of providing a way for people without much musical training or talent to experience the joy of playing and creating music. The founders believed that if people had the opportunity to create their own music, they would jump...
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...Chapter 1 Case Study: Harmonix Embrace Your Inner Rock Star Little more than three years ago, you had probably never heard of Harmonix. In 2005, the video game design studio released Guitar Hero, which subsequently became the fastest video game in history to top $1 billion in North American sales. The game concept focuses around a plastic guitar-shaped controller. Players press colored buttons along the guitar neck to match a series of dots that scroll down the TV in time with music from a famous rock tune, such as the Ramones’ “I Wanna Be Sedated” and Deep Purple’s “Smoke on the Water.” Players score points based on their accuracy. In November 2007, Harmonix released Rock Band, adding drums, vocals, and bass guitar options to the game. Rock Band has sold over 3.5 million units with a $169 price tag (most video games retail at $50 to $60). In 2006, Harmonix’s founders sold the company to Viacom for $175 million, maintaining their operational autonomy while providing them greater budgets for product development and licensing music for their games. Harmonix’s success, however, did not come overnight. The company was originally founded by Alex Rigopulos and Eran Egozy in 1995, focused around some demo software they had created in grad school and a company vision of providing a way for people without much musical training or talent to experience the joy of playing and creating music. The founders believed that if people had the opportunity to create their own music, they would jump...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION Customer loyalty is both an attitudinal and behavioral tendency to favor one brand over all others, whether due to satisfaction with the product or service, its convenience or performance, or simply familiarity and comfort with the brand. Customer loyalty encourages consumers to shop more consistently, spend a greater share of wallet, and feel positive about a shopping experience, helping attract consumers to familiar brands in the face of a competitive environment. Types of Loyalty To understand customer loyalty one must recognize there are different types and degrees of loyalty. There is monogamous loyalty and there is polygamous. There are also behavioral and attitudinal aspects. A look at these concepts will clarify what “customer loyalty” really is, and this is important because having a solid understanding of the concept is critical if one hopes to design a reward program where loyalty enhancement is the primary objective. Monogamous vs. Polygamous Loyalty We live in a world of polygamous, not monogamous loyalty. For example, a person might shop at Safeway, Thrifty Foods and Save-on-Foods and unfailingly shop at all three. The person is then loyal to them, but not to others, and yet 100% loyal to none. In their book Loyalty Myths, Keiningham et al. (2005) suggest that “loyalty can in part be thought of as the probability a customer will purchase a brand on any particular purchase occasion. For example, a customer...
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...5………………………………………………………………….…..26 Cooperate Governance……………………………………………………………27 BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………..………………………….….30 C C hapter hapter 1 1 Introduction “Everything you need is already inside. Just do it” * Bill Bowerman (Fabrega, n.d.) “NIKE”, one of the most synonymous names with the sporting world, was initially established as Blue Ribbon Shoes in 1964. The brand was started by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight at the University of Oregon; where the former was the latter’s track and field coach. (10 things you did not know about Nike, 2011) During Phil Knight’s time at Stanford University, he wrote a paper on ending German dominance...
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...Since its founding, the website Amazon.com has attracted criticism and controversy from multiple sources, where the ethics of certain business practices and policies have been drawn into question. Amazon has faced numerous allegations of anti-competitive or monopolistic behavior, both in and out of court. This includes documented instances of price differentiation, enforcement of controversial patents against competitors, attempts to prevent discounted direct selling by publishers, and a declared intention to cease working with third-party print on demand services in favour of its own. Questions have been raised concerning the company's legal compliance. In 2002, Amazon faced a challenge to the legitimacy of their Canadian operations, although that case was subsequently dropped. A 2009 ruling in Japan found that the company, which had tried to avoid paying corporate tax in the country, was in fact liable to pay. Controversy over taxation has arisen on multiple occasions: It was reported in 2012 that Amazon is under investigation in the UK, while in the US the company has attracted criticism for only collecting sales tax from customers in five states. Compounding these problems, there have been reports of poor treatment of workers, with allegations of summary dismissals for health problems and anti-unionization tactics including mass layoffs. Some controversies have centered around content. The bookstore has carried titles such as The Pedophile's Guide to Love and Pleasure and...
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...THE PLAYER Good game design is player-centric. That means that above all else, the player and her desires are truly considered. Rather than demanding that she do something via the rules, the gameplay itself should inherently motivate the player in the direction the designer wants her to go. Telling players they must travel around the board or advance to the next level is one thing. If they don’t have a reason and a desire to do it, then it becomes torture. In creating a game, designers take a step back and think from the player’s viewpoint: What’s this game about? How do I play? How do I win? Why do I want to play? What things do I need to do? MEANINGFUL DECISIONS Distilled down to its essence, game design is about creating opportunities for players to make meaningful decisions that affect the outcome of the game. Consider a game like a boxing match. So many decisions lead up to the ultimate victory. How long will I train? Will I block or will I swing? What is my opponent going to do? Where is his weakness? Jab left or right? Even those few, brief questions don’t come close to the myriad decisions a fighter must make as he progresses through a match. Games invite players into similar mental spaces. Games like Tetris and Chess keep our minds busy by forcing us to consider which one of several possible moves we want to take next. In taking these paths, we know that we may be prolonging or completely screwing up our entire game. The Sims games and those in...
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...aborting the decline in the inflation-generated risk premiums.* Greenspan has admitted that such remarks were not really intended to be understood. Asked to give an example by commenting on the weather, Greenspan replied, I would generally expect that today in Washington, D.C., the probability of changes in the weather is highly uncertain. But we are monitoring the data in such a manner that we will be able to update people on changes that are important.* Page 70 2/9/2016 12:17 PM This tells us nothing about the weather, of course, and was not intended to. Many times, though, we run across similarly complicated examples of speech or writing that do seem to be intended to inform us. For example, Allan Bloom, the famous American educator who authored The Closing of the American Mind, which was read (or at least purchased) by millions, wrote in that book: If openness means to “go with the flow,” it is...
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...CHARLES DUHIGG Random House e N e w Yo r k Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd iii 10/17/11 12:01 PM This is a work of nonfiction. Nonetheless, some names and personal characteristics of individuals or events have been changed in order to disguise identities. Any resulting resemblance to persons living or dead is entirely coincidental and unintentional. Copyright © 2012 by Charles Duhigg All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Random House, an imprint of The Random House Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York. RANDOM HOUSE and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4000-6928-6 eBook ISBN 978-0-679-60385-6 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Illustrations by Anton Ioukhnovets www.atrandom.com 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 First Edition Book design by Liz Cosgrove Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd iv 10/17/11 12:01 PM To Oliver, John Harry, John and Doris, and, everlastingly, to Liz Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd v 10/17/11 12:01 PM Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd vi 10/17/11 12:01 PM CONTENTS PROLOGUE The Habit Cure GGG xi PA R T O N E The Habits of Individuals 1. THE HABIT LOOP How Habits Work 3 31 60 2. THE CRAVING BRAIN How to Create New Habits 3. THE GOLDEN RULE OF HABIT CHANGE Why Transformation Occurs GGG PA R T T W O The Habits of Successful Organizations 4. KEYSTONE HABITS, OR THE BALLAD OF PAUL O’NEILL Which Habits...
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...CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER OUTLINE What Is Managerial Ethics? Criteria for Ethical Decision Making Utilitarian Approach Individualism Approach Moral Rights Approach Justice Approach Factors Affecting Ethical Choices The Manager The Organization What Is Social Responsibility? Organizational Stakeholders The Ethic of Sustainability and the Natural Environment Evaluating Corporate Social Performance Economic Responsibilities Legal Responsibilities Ethical Responsibilities Discretionary Responsibilities Managing Company Ethics and Social Responsibility Ethical Individuals Ethical Leadership Organizational Structures and Systems Ethical Challenges in Turbulent Times Economic Performance Social Entrepreneurship Managerial Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter, you should be able to do the following: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Define ethics and explain how ethical behavior relates to behavior governed by law and free choice. Explain the utilitarian, individualism, moral rights, and justice approaches for evaluating ethical behavior. Describe how individual and organizational factors shape ethical decision making. Define corporate social responsibility and how to evaluate it along economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary criteria. Describe four organizational approaches to environmental responsibility, and explain the philosophy of sustainability. Discuss how ethical organizations are created through ethical leadership and organizational...
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...List of decades. From left, clockwise: U.S. President Richard Nixon doing the V for Victory sign after his resignation from office after the Watergate scandal in 1974; Refugees aboard a US naval boat after the Fall of Saigon, leading to the end of the Vietnam War in 1975; The 1973 oil crisis put the nation of America in gridlock and caused economic damage throughout the developed world; Both the leaders of Israel and Egypt shake hands after the signing of the Camp David Accords in 1978; The 1970 Bhola cyclone kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan (which would become independent as Bangladesh in 1971) in November 1970; The Iranian Revolution of 1979 ousted Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi who was later replaced by an Islamic theocracy led by Ayatollah Khomeini; The popularity of the disco music genre peaked during the middle to late 1970s. Millennium: | 2nd millennium | Centuries: | 19th century – 20th century – 21st century | Decades: | 1940s 1950s 1960s – 1970s – 1980s 1990s 2000s | Years: | 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 | Categories: | Births – Deaths – ArchitectureEstablishments – Disestablishments | The 1970s, pronounced "the Nineteen Seventies", refers to a decade within the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1970, and ended on December 31, 1979. In the 21st century historians have increasingly portrayed the decade as a "pivot of change" in world history focusing especially on the...
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