...E-‐cigarettes: miracle or menace? Networks, Organizations and Society Introduction The electronic cigarette or ‘e-‐cigarette’ is a rechargeable battery-‐powered device designed to resemble a conventional tobacco cigarette. The e-‐cigarette does not contain tar and the nicotine cartridges seem to be a much safer alternative to traditional cigarettes, which contain a much higher number of notoriously harmful chemicals. Nonetheless, nicotine is addictive and is classified as a poison (Cancer Research UK, 2013). The issue has attracted heated debate, but the question remains: “Should e-‐ cigarettes be classed as general consumer products, tobacco products, medicines or drug-‐delivery devices?” 2 In attempting to answer the above question, this paper discusses the evolution of e-‐ cigarettes through the lenses of technological...
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...tobacco industry. The threat of potential new entrants, the bargaining power of suppliers, the bargaining power of buyers, the threat of substitutes, and the extent of competitive rivalry will all be addressed in this analysis. 1. New Entrants The barriers to entry in the tobacco industry are initially low and it is easy for small local and regional companies to enter into the market, but the barriers to enter the market nationally are very high. The economies at scale in manufacturing, distribution costs, and marketing at the national level make it very difficult for start-up companies to enter into the national market. There are substantial costs in raising the capital needed to build manufacturing facilities that can mass-produce tobacco products at the national level. Also, the costs of packaging goods such as cigarettes, at a mass level can generate high costs. Brand identity can also pose a barrier to entry for new entrants. Advertising restrictions imposed on electronic media by the U.S. government make it hard for any new entrant to gain brand awareness and also make it difficult for current top players in the market to increase their brand awareness. While many companies once relied on brand incentives in order to increase customer loyalty, they agreed to no longer use these incentives in the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) in 1998. Also with many already established brands such as Altria’s Marlboro Cigarettes brand already have a huge stake in the...
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...A RESEARCH REPORT ON “SHISHA CULTURE: WHY IS INCREASING IN YOUTH OF PAKISTAN?” Prepared for Karachi University Business School Prepared By Um-e-Amama Areeb Gul khan ENROLEMENT NO: BAC/UCGI/3418/2007 BS VIII University of Karachi A RESEARCH REPORT ON “SHISHA CULTURE: WHY IS INCREASING IN YOUTH OF PAKISTAN?” Prepared By Um-e-Amama Areeb Gul khan ENR NO: BAC/UCGI/3418/2007 BS VIII University of Karachi PREFACE It is mandatory for every student of bachelors of business administration from University College affiliated to KARACHI UNIVERSITY, to make a Research Report. My experience during the research period has been very exciting and knowledgeable. Now I have a broader idea about the subject and my vision has expanded which will be helpful for me in my professional and personal life. In this report I describe the history and hazards of smoking shisha culture and why it increase in youth of Pakistan. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to say Alhamdulillah, for giving me the strength and health to do this report work until it done not forgotten to my family for providing everything, such as money, to buy anything that are related to this research report and their advise, which is the most needed for this research report. Internets, books, computers and all that as my sources to complete research report. They also supported me and encouraged me to complete...
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...A RESEARCH REPORT ON “SHISHA CULTURE: WHY IS INCREASING IN YOUTH OF PAKISTAN?” Prepared for Karachi University Business School Prepared By Um-e-Amama Areeb Gul khan ENROLEMENT NO: BAC/UCGI/3418/2007 BS VIII University College Affiliated with University of Karachi A RESEARCH REPORT ON “SHISHA CULTURE: WHY IS INCREASING IN YOUTH OF PAKISTAN?” Prepared By Um-e-Amama Areeb Gul khan ENR NO: BAC/UCGI/3418/2007 BS VIII University College Affiliated with University of Karachi PREFACE It is mandatory for every student of bachelors of business administration from University College affiliated to KARACHI UNIVERSITY, to make a Research Report. My experience during the research period has been very exciting and knowledgeable. Now I have a broader idea about the subject and my vision has expanded which will be helpful for me in my professional and personal life. In this report I describe the history and hazards of smoking shisha culture and why it increase in youth of Pakistan. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to say Alhamdulillah, for giving me the strength and health to do this report work until it done not forgotten to my family for providing everything, such as money, to buy anything that are related to this research report and their advise, which is the most needed for this research report. Internets, books, computers and all that as my sources to complete...
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...A STUDY ON MARKETING STRATEGY IN THE CONTEXT OF ABUL KHAIR TOBACCO COMPANY LTD. Submitted to Mohammad Nazmul Huq Assistant Professor Department of Business Administration (Marketing) Submitted by Md. Anowar Hossain ID: B.B.A - 027 07143 Department of Business Administration Stamford University Bangladesh This is to certify that Anowar Hossain, ID NO. -BBA-02707143, student of Stamford University Bangladesh of BBA Program has completed the Internship report titled “MARKETING STRATEGY IN THE CONTEXT OF ABUL KHAIR TOBACCO COMPANY LTD.” I wish him every success in life. ________________________ Mohammad Nazmul Huq Assistant professor Department of Business Administration Stamford University Bangladesh LETTER OF TRANSMISSION 28th January, 2010 Md. Nazmul Huq Assistant Professor Department of Business Administration Stamford University Bangladesh Sub: Submission of BBA Internship Report. Sir With due respect and honor, I have much pleasure to present the report of the internship program on “A STUDY ON MARKETING STRATEGY IN THE CONTEXT OF ABUL KHAIR TOBACCO COMPANY LTD”. The report deals with working environment of a field level distributor and selling strategy. I am submitting this report as a part of my internship program in Abul Khiar Tobacco Company Ltd. This report is going to provide...
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...A STUDY ON MARKETING STRATEGY IN THE CONTEXT OF ABUL KHAIR TOBACCO COMPANY LTD. Submitted to Mohammad Nazmul Huq Assistant Professor Department of Business Administration (Marketing) Submitted by Md. Anowar Hossain ID: B.B.A - 027 07143 Department of Business Administration Stamford University Bangladesh This is to certify that Anowar Hossain, ID NO. -BBA-02707143, student of Stamford University Bangladesh of BBA Program has completed the Internship report titled “MARKETING STRATEGY IN THE CONTEXT OF ABUL KHAIR TOBACCO COMPANY LTD.” I wish him every success in life. ________________________ Mohammad Nazmul Huq Assistant professor Department of Business Administration Stamford University Bangladesh LETTER OF TRANSMISSION 28th January, 2010 Md. Nazmul Huq Assistant Professor Department of Business Administration Stamford University Bangladesh Sub: Submission of BBA Internship Report. Sir With due respect and honor, I have much pleasure to present the report of the internship program on “A STUDY ON MARKETING STRATEGY IN THE CONTEXT OF ABUL KHAIR TOBACCO COMPANY LTD”. The report deals with working environment of a field level distributor and selling strategy. I am submitting this report as a part of my internship program in Abul Khiar Tobacco Company Ltd. This report is going to provide...
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...water” which currently other countries face. (min1500words) 1.0 Introduction The use of cigarette for cigarette has been practiced for centuries. The cigarette plant has been grown in America since the 17th century and cigarette has been used in various forms since. The form of cigarette cigarette by rolling the leaves in fine paper was frequently done by hand for those who practiced it, which limited the habit of cigarette. In 1865, a man named Washington Duke from North Carolina began to roll cigarettes and sell them to others for profit. In 1883, James Bonsack invented a machine that could roll cigarettes and produce thousands per day. Bonsack began a business called the American Cigarette Company, which was the first company to produce cigarettes on a large scale. The mechanized production of cigarettes widely increased the popularity of cigarette, and made cigarettes much more accessible to those who wanted to smoke. Premade cigarettes were available for those who did not wish to roll their own cigarette and cigarettes became available in quantities by the pack. In the late 19th century cigarettes were being sold in packs and marketed throughout the United States. Cigarettes were packaged into containers of ten that were marked with the name of the company that manufactured them and various logos or designs. The packs of ten cigarettes sold for five cents each. Cigarette packages were made of paper with a small card inserted to reinforce the package. These cards...
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...Smoke-Free Ontario Strategy Evaluation Report Ontario Tobacco Research Unit November 2012 Smoke-Free Ontario Strategy Evaluation Report Suggested Citation: Ontario Tobacco Research Unit. Smoke-Free Ontario Strategy Evaluation Report. Toronto: Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Special Report, November 2012. Ontario Tobacco Research Unit ii Smoke-Free Ontario Strategy Evaluation Report Acknowledgements Many people were involved in the preparation of this report. Key authors are Robert Schwartz, Shawn O’Connor, Alexey Babayan, Maritt Kirst, and Jolene Dubray. Marilyn Pope, David Ip, Pamela Kaufman, and Marian Smith provided editorial comments on an earlier draft and Sonja Johnston provided production assistance. The interpretation and opinions expressed in this report are the responsibility of the Principal Investigators of the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit (OTRU): Susan Bondy, University of Toronto K. Stephen Brown, University of Waterloo Joanna Cohen, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, University of Toronto Roberta Ferrence, University of Toronto, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health John M. Garcia, University of Waterloo Paul McDonald, University of Waterloo Robert Schwartz, University of Toronto, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Peter Selby, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto Ontario Tobacco Research Unit iii Smoke-Free Ontario Strategy Evaluation Report Table of Contents Acknowledgements...
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...The Lauder GLobaL business insiGhT reporT 2014 rebalancing the Global economy Lauder-Report-2014.indd 1 12/18/13 12:07 PM Introduction The Lauder GLobaL business insiGhT reporT 2014 rebalancing the Global economy In this special report, students from the Joseph H. Lauder Institute of Management & International Studies examine current trends and recent developments shaping today’s global marketplace. The articles cover a wide variety of topics ranging from technology, innovation and brand building to infrastructure, entrepreneurship and social impact. A section on consumer markets looks at the popularity of e-cigarettes in France and elsewhere, efforts by Japanese firms to expand their businesses into Asia, new trends in French gastronomy, changes in Japan’s traditional food-consumption habits, and how a sector of the Chinese population is spreading, and spending, its newfound wealth. The report offers an analysis linking market-driven strategies with social impact in Peru and Colombia, as well as an article describing South Carolina’s embrace of innovative research. Other articles look at the Russian government’s attempt to reboot the city of Skolkovo as an innovation hub, the mixed success of innovation efforts in China, and the growing threat of cybercrime to businesses across the world. The challenges of infrastructure and planning are addressed in analyses of transportation in areas of Latin America, deficiencies in Brazil’s infrastructure, and real estate’s...
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...Anthropology Lecture 1 introduction Common Misconceptions with Drugs . The effect of a drug is caused solely by its pharmacological properties and effects. . Some drugs are instantly addictive . The gateway/ stepping stone theory - the use of 1 drug leads to the use of other more dangerous drugs What are drugs ? Krivanek's definition : Drugs are substances that are introduced into the body knowingly but not as food. Therefore illicit drugs, legal recreational drugs and legal but regulated pharmaceutical drugs that aren't recreational at all. - Whether if a drug is considered bad and is prohibited depends on the culture of the society in a particular period. What is culture ? The definition of culture = Through Roger keesing and Andrew Strathern's definition it is a system of shared ideas, rules and meanings that underlie and are expressed in the ways that human live. - This includes : law, beliefs, political economy, media and popular culture - this perceives ideas about what is normal and abnormal to society. " Culture is always changing and contested, not unified" Enthography as a method for studying drug use It is a process of observing, recoding and describing other peoples way of life through intimate participation the community being studied". - Participation observation, involving yourself in the life of the community , taking up the life of the other person, observing their actions, asking questions and learning what questions...
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...but find many uses in other industries as well. CHEMISTRY: BUILDING BLOCKS OF MODERN CIVILIZATION Understand the significance of chemistry throughout man’s history. NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY: TOWARDS A SAFE ENERGY SOURCE Is nuclear technology a boon or bane of science? Read on. T S ib er s, De ar BB su bs cr ng ga zin e is ma ki Ba to Ba la ni ma e ma ga zin e. to yo ur fa vo rit lled so me ch an ge s a new section ca c g the changes is Amon s wi th sc ie nt ifi .” It de al “P se ud os ci en ce pt io ns th at an d mi sc on ce ve no tio ns , my th s, e. Al so , we ha pu la r at on e tim we re po ” se ct io n to “C yb er wo rld ex pa nd ed ou r ac tiv ity se ct io n. e a we b- lin ke d in cl ud wi ll th es e ch an ge s We ho pe th at re nc e stu di es mo ur sc ie he lp ma ke yo jo y! re fu n! En re le va nt an d mo Th e Ed ito r MEDICINE’S POTENT MIXTURES AND SOLUTIONS Chemistry plays a major role in our existence through important medical applications. R E G U L A R F E AT U R E S 3 Science & Technology News 5 Filipino Scientists and Inventors BOARD OF ADVISERS Violeta Arciaga, Jaime F. Bucoy Jose C. Calderon, Victoria V. Cervantes, Juanita M. Cruz, Belen P. Dayauon Medical Facts and Fallacies 9 Livelihood Technology / I’d Like to Know 10 Cyber World CONSULTANT Merle C. Tan, Ph.D. DIWA OFFICERS EDITORIAL BOARD Saturnino G. Belen Jr. President 16 Investigatory Projects Lourdes F. Lozano Executive...
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...CR TOPIC-WISE EXERCISES (700-800 LEVEL) 1 The 700-800 Club Critical Reasoning Critical Reasoning Topic 1: CONCLUSION 1. • • • • • 2. In the United States, about $5,200 per person per year is spent on health care, while in Britain the amount is about half that. A recent study indicated that middle-aged white Americans have a significantly higher rate of diabetes and heart disease than do middle-aged white Britons. Even after eliminating from the study the lifestyle differences of diet, exercise, smoking, and drinking, the data showed that the Americans have poorer health than their British counterparts. The statements above, if true, best support which of the following assertions? Health care spending in the United States should be reduced by 50%. More expensive health care causes a higher incidence of certain diseases. The money spent on health care in the United States is not being used effectively. The average health care spending for middle-aged white Americans is probably less than the average health care spending for Americans in general. Something other than diet, exercise, smoking, and drinking must account for the difference in health for the two groups in the study. Spokesperson: In the 2006 election of the city mayor, 55% of the voters were female. All the voters were between ages 18 and 70 and 2/3 of them supported the incumbent mayor. The incumbent mayor won the election with a substantially greater number of votes than any other...
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...Jefferson (letter to Tom Logan, 1816) J 1 ustice John Paul Stevens of the U.S. Supreme Court cited the third president of the United States in his strong dissent to the majority’s 2010 decision allowing corporations unlimited spending on behalf of political candidates.1 Quoting the court’s earlier McConnell decision, Stevens wrote, “We have repeatedly sustained legislation aimed at ‘the corrosive and distorting effects of immense aggregations of wealth that are accumulated with Jefferson’s animus may seem curious in light of the history of British corporations that financed the settling of the first North American colonies and, as discussed in this chapter, are often credited with providing the model for representative government adopted by the framers of the U.S. Constitution (Tuitt 2006). 280 Corporations in the Modern Era——281 the help of the corporate form.’” The court’s decision, Justice Stevens continued, “will undoubtedly cripple the ability of ordinary citizens, Congress and the States to adopt even limited measures to protect against corporate domination of the electoral process.” The essence of Justice Steven’s dissent in the Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission is that corporations are legally devised entities that organize activities and are given special legal protections similar to those afforded individuals. Their rights and obligations are a matter for the state to decide. Justice Stevens emphasized how the First Amendment’s guarantee...
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...A State Intervention Approach to International Trade and the Right to Health in the Crude Oil and Natural Gas Sector of Nigeria Table of Contents A State Intervention Approach to International Trade and the Right to Health in the Crude Oil and Natural Gas Sector of Nigeria 1 Chapter 1 General Introduction 6 1.1. Background 6 1.1.1. Definitions 14 1.1.2. Trade Liberalization 14 1.1.3. International Trade Law 15 1.1.4. Right to Health 16 1.1.5. Human Right Laws 17 1.2. Research Questions 18 1.3. Justification of the Research 21 1.4. Research Objectives 30 1.5. Research Methodology 31 1.6. Research Structure 37 Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework and Literature Review 40 2.1. Introduction 40 2.2. International Trade Rules and Protection of People’s Right to Health 41 2.2.1. Sources of International Trade Rules 41 2.2.2. Trade Liberalization and the Protection of the Right to Health 44 2.3. Scope of the Right to Health 54 2.4. Brief Overview of State Intervention Theory 59 2.5. States Duty towards the Fulfilment of the Right to Health 65 2.6. Legislative and Institutional Regulations Protecting the Right to Health in Nigeria 73 2.6.1. The International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 1966 76 2.6.2. The African Charter on Human and People’s Rights (ACHPR) 78 2.6.3. The International Health Regulations, 2005 81 2.6.4. The Nigerian Constitution 82 2.7. Conclusion 83 Chapter...
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...STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT UNIT- I STRATEGY AND PROCESS 9 Conceptual framework for strategic management, the Concept of Strategy and the Strategy Formation Process – Stakeholders in business – Vision, Mission and Purpose – Business definition, Objectives and Goals - Corporate Governance and Social responsibility-case study. Concept, Meaning, Definition: Strategy is the determination of the long-term goals and objectives of an enterprise and the adoption of the courses of action and the allocation of resources necessary for carrying out these goals. Strategy is management’s game plan for strengthening the organization’s position, pleasing customers, and achieving performance targets. Types of strategy Strategy can be formulated on three different levels: • corporate level • business unit level • functional or departmental level. [pic] Corporate Level Strategy Corporate level strategy fundamentally is concerned with the selection of businesses in which the company should compete and with the development and coordination of that portfolio of businesses. Corporate level strategy is concerned with: • Reach - defining the issues that are corporate responsibilities; these might include identifying the overall goals of the corporation, the types of businesses in which the corporation should be involved, and the way in which businesses will be integrated and managed...
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