...Geography Tebbets 11-14-12 Bibliography Gambo, Hauwa. ” We won’t negotiate under Boko Haram’s conditions –Presidency”, November 5, 2012 8:33 am, http://www.ynaija.com/we-wont-negotiate-under-boko-harams-conditions-presidency/ Euronews, “Nigeria: Boko Haram call for peace with conditions”, council on foreign relations, 04/11 11:03 CET, http://www.euronews.com/2012/11/04/nigeria-boko-haram-call-for-peace-with-conditions/ Campbell , John. ” Boko Haram Offers Cease Fire Opportunity?” November 2, 2012 http://blogs.cfr.org/campbell/2012/11/02/boko-haram-offers-cease-fire-opportunity/ This day live(No author). “FG/Boko Haram: A New Peace Deal?” Nov, 11, 12 http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/fg-boko-haram-a-new-peace-deal-/130283/ Walker, Andrew. “What Is Boko Haram?” May 2012, United States Institute of Peace, http://www.usip.org/publications/what-boko-haram ATTAH , GODWIN. GAMBRELL , JON. “7 killed, 100 wounded in Nigeria church bombing“ Seattle Times, Sunday, October 28, 2012 at 5:28 AM , http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2019543375_apafnigeriaviolence.html Wikipedia, ” Religion in Nigeria”, 20 September 2012 at 01:10, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Nigeria Smock , David. Hayward , Susan. Huda, Qamar-ul. ” Religion and Peacebuilding” 2012 http://www.buildingpeace.org/think-global-conflict/issues/religion-and-peacebuilding Agande, Ben. Binniyat, Luka. Ovuakporie, Emma. And Akinboade, Laide. “Nigeria: Suicide Bomber Hits...
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...TOPIC 1 INTRODUCTION This work equips Geography teachers with appropriate techniques of teaching Geography in secondary Schools and other institutions. It deals with methods and approaches used in teaching Geography. Be aware that each area of specialization has its own techniques though some are similar. Classes of Geographers – we have two classes of Geographers (a) Geographers with content - those who have learned Geography content from lower levels to the highest levels (primary to university). Some of them are reputable Geographers in teaching. (b) Geographers with content and methodology – Those that have learned Geography content right from primary to the University/Diploma level in some cases they have been classmates in group (a). They have an element of teaching methods for Geographers. In case two, content is integrated with methodology. NB – A teacher’s teaching methods will motivate or demotivate/discourage students from enrolling in Geography. Nature and Content of Geography Definition of Geography Geo – Greek word meaning the earth, graphia – meaning to write/describe Literally means – descriping of the earth/writing about the earth. Thus, there is no total consensus on the definition of Geography. Geography has diverse content leading to conflicting definitions, concepts and aims. Geography is a science of place/space (spatial characteristics). Geography as a science deals with description and explanation of the spatial distribution of...
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...GEO 210 – CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY – 40H “People & the Land: Introduction to Cultural Geography” TNCC – FALL 2012 Instructor: Larry Snider – Phone: (757) 850-4912 E-mail: sniderl@tncc.edu (school); Skimmerva@aol.com (home) Office Hours: 4:30-5:30 p.m. M (Rm 947 Templin Hall), 6-7 p.m. T (Rm 131A Diggs Hall), 5:00-5:30 p.m. W (Rm 947 Templin Hall) and by appointment INTRODUCTION COURSE DESCRIPTION: (from VCCS Master Course file): Focuses on the relationship between culture and geography. Presents a survey of modern demographics, landscape modification, material and non-material culture, language, race and ethnicity, religion, politics, and economic activities. Introduces the student to types and uses of maps. COURSE CONTENT: Cultural geography entails the study of spatial variations among cultural groups and the spatial functioning of society. The course provides an introduction to the manner in which humans have modified the world, emphasizing patterns of migration, livelihoods of man, and environments in which these modifications have taken place and continue to occur. It focuses on describing and analyzing the ways population, religion, language, ethnicity and race, political factors, economy, agriculture, industry, the urban setting, and other cultural phenomena vary or remain constant from one place to another. The framework of geographic location of significant countries, regions, and physical features is also addressed in order to provide the necessary...
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...Nigeria Geographical, Political, and Economic Overview Lyla Snider HUMN 305 - U4WW (WI12) Professor Brian Kasvosve March 11, 2012 Geography and Background The Federal Republic of Nigeria, commonly referred to in short as “Nigeria” is located in Western Africa. It is bordered by Chad, Cameroon, Niger, and Benin. It is also a coast line to the Gulf of Guinea located in the Atlantic Ocean. Nigeria gets its name from the Niger River which flows through the western side of the country and proves as a valuable resource. Nigeria is considered to be Africa’s most populous countries and also one of the most diverse, consisting of approximately 250 ethnic groups. The countries religious views are shared mainly between Muslim and Christian beliefs. The official language of Nigeria is English, however, many different dialects spoken including Hausa, Yoruba, and Fulani (Rosenburg, 2005). Now that you have an understanding some of the demographics of Nigeria, let’s explore a little history. In the late 1800’s Nigeria and British were heavily involved with trade. By 1914, Nigeria was officially united. The growth of education and economic development grew vastly. The drive towards “nationalism” and demands for independence moved Nigeria toward self-government and by 1922 the British introduced direct election into the legislative council By1959, the North had gained self-governing status. These political restructuring, ultimately led to Nigeria gaining full independence on October 1...
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...International Investment Report - British Petroleum in Nigeria Group D June 6, 2015 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Country Evaluation 6 Industry Overview 9 Regulatory structure 9 Competition – Major and minor competitors 12 Local financing options for the expansion 12 Overall attractiveness of the industry 13 Entry Strategy 13 Recommendations 17 References 20 Introduction Nigeria in West Africa is about twice the size of California in the US but is the largest country in Africa. Just over 160 million people live in this country with approximately 800,000 of them living in the capital city of Abuja which is located in the very center of Nigeria. (Nigeria) Nigeria has two distinct reputations. One as a corrupt and violent country that is not highly recommended for tourist type visitations (although it does have incredibly interesting historical sights) and the other for being the country visited mostly for unbelievably lucrative business transactions involving oil and gas. The Nigerian people live mostly in poverty in a country where oil and gas exports total billions in revenue. This is due to the fact that the Nigerian government has total control over their property rights. In addition corruption within that government runs rampant. According to an article by Michael Burleigh 70% of Nigerians live below poverty level struggling to survive. (Burleigh) What is even more interesting in a country rich in oil and gas is that the poverty...
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...PURPOSE The unit will deploy to Nigeria within 72 hours, requiring all soldiers to become familiar with the geography, culture, history, economy, governance, infrastructure, and other organizations operating in the region. All leaders should ensure that they are fully briefed in the above mentioned areas so that they may pass this information along to their soldiers. Understanding the culture of a region in the key to developing a strategy that will enable US forces to conduct operations in that region without unnecessary civilian casualties and without fomenting unnecessary hostility amongst the populace. MESSAGE Nigeria is located in the coast of western Africa, bordering Benin and Cameroon, and is about twice the size of the state of California. The only major river in the country is the Niger, which enters in the northwest and flows through tropical rainforests and swamps out to the Gulf of Guinea. The major geographical issue affecting the country is the loss of arable land due to soil degradation, rapid deforestation, and oil spills. In addition, the country is going through a period of rapid urbanization. A US force operating in the region will encounter environments ranging from open desert to tropical rainforests, and will be forced to operate in urban environments. Due to rapid desertification and air pollution, forces operating in the area will be forced to contend with high temperatures and a lack of potable water sources. Nigeria has the following natural resources:...
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...Geography Nigeria is located on the Gulf of Guinea in West Africa and is roughly twice the size of California. Its neighboring nations are Benin, Niger, Cameroon, and Chad. Nigeria is found in the tropics and has two different seasons, the Dry season and Rainy season. The major rivers passing through Nigeria are the Niger, the third largest river in Africa and the Benue, which flows into the Niger River. The Niger Delta sometimes called the Oil Rivers, due to the past production of palm oil. South Africa is the southern tip of Africa, which includes two islands of the southeast tip of Cape Town, Prince Edward and Marion. South Africa is roughly twice the size of Texas. It borders Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia. There are two major rivers in South Africa, the Limpopo, a stretch of which is shared with Zimbabwe, and the Orange which flows into the Vaal. The Orange River flows from east to west across the central landscape, emptying into the Atlantic Ocean at the Namibian border (Safrica.info). South Africa is different from Nigeria in that it actually has another country within its borders, Lesotho. It is in the Drakensberg Mountains where South Africa obtains water from the snowcapped peaks of the landlocked nation. Also, South Africa has three capitals, while Nigeria has one, Abuja. Bloemfontein is the capital of the judiciary, Cape Town is the legislative capital, and Pretoria is the administrative capital, as well as the formal capital of the...
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...Adapting to drought in the Sahel: lessons for climate change Michael Mortimore∗ The Sahel’s experience of adapting to changes in rainfall on a scale at least comparable to that of climate change scenarios, between the 1960s and the 1990s, suggests that lessons can be learnt that may have a wider utility for policy in the future. The Sahel is a major global agroecological region and its success in adaptation will influence the achievement of the global Millennium Development Goals. From simple typologies of adaptation strategies, our understanding of adaptive capacity has evolved over time (with accumulating observations) into a contextual model which places drought management at the center of a development process. Climate change impacts in future are very uncertain. Policies and interventions should therefore aim to build on the platform of past achievements and existing local knowledge to enable flexibility and diversity and the protection of assets of small-scale farmers and herders . 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. WIREs Clim Change 2010 1 134–143 ‘Africa is the most vulnerable region to climate change, due to the extreme poverty of many Africans, frequent natural disasters such as droughts and floods, and agricultural systems heavily dependent on rainfall’.1 ‘the continent’s low adaptive capacity serves as a major constraint to her ability to adapt’ (Ref 2. p. 6). ‘It is uncertain how rainfall in the Sahel, the Guinean coast and the southern Sahara will evolve in this century’...
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...the brand of CSR, corporations are not to neglect the environment that would tarnish their image. Royal Dutch Shell Plc is ranked seventh among the top global oil producing companies for year 2012 by Forbes (Christopher Helman 2012). Despite its prominent reputation and its claimed aim of achieving the worldwide energy demand in a responsible manner, it does negate the fact their business operations have impacted the environment of Nigeria. The pressing argument that will be discussed in this paper would be the interminable oil spills due to the defective facilities and insufficient checks of equipments which are identified as the one of the main sources of the environmental contamination by Shell in the Niger Delta, how these irresponsible activities have implicated the environment which leads to unfavourable circumstances for society and stakeholders such as institutional investors, and the efforts made by Shell to counteract the situation. Background of Oil Spills in Niger Delta Before Shell tapped on the Delta, the eastern area of Nigeria was resource wealthy. However what thought to be a profitable activity for the corporations as well as Nigerian people too turned out to be a severe environmental threat and has been evolving for a few decades since 1956. Shell did acknowledge that their operations have caused oil spills, but did not agree on the extent of it. Analysts have recorded that in the year 1995 to 2006, Shell has committed an average three hundred spills...
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...Requirements for the award of the Degree: Masters of International Relations and Strategic Studies. (MISS) AUGUST 2012 PROPOSAL This work, adopting a multidisciplinary approach, seeks to analyse aspects of Nigeria’s diplomacy, specifically the effect of the leader’s personality on the conduct of Nigeria’s external relations. To effectively do this, the work shall comparatively assess Nigeria’s diplomacy under Presidents Obasanjo and Yar'Adua from 1999-2010. Seeking to see the effect their personality type had on the manner, trends and approach to Nigeria’s diplomacy during the period. On record President Obasanjo undertook a shuttle diplomatic effort across the globe especially between 1999 and 2002, this is said to have reintegrated Nigeria into the comity of Nations, where she was previously a pariah. How did his personality affect these efforts? Was his personality added value or reduced value? At the point of his death President Yar’Adua was ECOWAS chairman, previously in 2009 he attended the G20 meeting in Germany, visited President George Bush at the start of his term and other diplomatic engagements. How did his personality affect all these? On the whole how did the respective personality of both leaders affect Nigeria’s Diplomacy within the period under review? And what does the country now enjoy as a legacy of their efforts, specifically the nature of their individual personae and leadership style and what lessons could the country learn from all these. Indeed we...
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...Chapter 1 - Geography Matters: Definitions: * Human geography the study of the spatial organization of human activity and of people’s relationships with their environments * Cartography: the body of practical and theoretical knowledge about making distinctive visual representations of Earth’s surface in the form of maps * Map projection: a systematic rendering on a flat surface of the geographic coordinates of the features found on Earth’s surface * Ethnocentrism: the attitude that a persona’s own race and culture are superior to those of others * Imperialism: the extension of the power of a nation through direct/indirect control of the economic and political life of other territories * Masculinism: the assumption that the world is and should be shaped mainly by men for men * environmental determinism: a doctrine holding that human activities are controlled by the environment * globalization: the increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental political and cultural change * ecumene: the total habitable area of a country. Sine it depends on the prevailing technology, the available ecumene varies over time. Canada’s ecumene is so much less than its total area. * Geodemographic research: investigation using census data and commercial data (i.e. sales data and property records) about populations of small districts to create profiles of those populations for market research ...
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...INTRODUCTION The term education has got a lot of definitions. Different scholars in the world give different definitions in trying to capture the subject matter. Some scholars like Snelson (1974:1) define education as a condition of human survival. It is the means where by one generation transmits the wisdom, knowledge and experience which prepares the next generation for life’s duties and pleasure. Although this definition may not cater or address all the issues raised in education, it helps us to have a wide knowledge about all aspects of education. This also helps us to act with more insight and more intelligence in molding the youths in an acceptable manner. As human beings, the kind of personality one becomes will depend very much on the home he/she is born into, on his parents, on his village in which they are brought up. It can also be based on his or her school and on the tribe or nation to which they belongs. The kind of personality will not only depend on the things mentioned but also on beliefs and ideas that he will encounter throughout his life. The importance of any form of education lies in the fact that it is at the centre of development of a given society. As such, a well-developed educational system will undoubtedly lead to the production of trained and skilled manpower that are indispensable in bringing about social change. Most societies throughout history provided some kinds of education for the young so that they can live and succeed in a changing society...
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...Economic Benefits from Air Transport in Nigeria Nigeria country report Acknowledgements Oxford Economics gratefully acknowledge the help that we received from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) in preparation of this report. Through a survey conducted by IATA many organisations across the aviation industry supplied us with data that has formed an integral part of our analysis. In addition, the Airports Council International (ACI) very kindly provided us data on the economic activities at airports. We would like to thank all these organisations for their generosity in supplying this data, without which this report could not have been written. A note on the data reported in the report Unless otherwise stated, the numbers reported in this report relate to the calendar year 2010. Oxford Economics 2012 v1.1 2 Nigeria country report Contents Facts & figures.......................................................................................... 4 1 1.1 1.2 Consumer benefits for passengers and shippers ......................... 7 Consumer benefits ..................................................................................... 7 Estimated consumer benefits ..................................................................... 8 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 Enabling long-term economic growth............................................ 9 Connectivity and the cost of air transport services .................................... 9 How aviation...
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...Corruption in Nigeria: Theoretical Perspectives and Some Explanations Ilufoye Sarafa Ogundiya Department of Political Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto,Sokoto State, Private Mail Bag 2346, Post Code 840001, Nigeria Mobile Phone: +234 8036059225, +234 8053426560; E-mail: oisarafa@yahoo.com KEYWORDS Ethnicity. Prebendalism. Patrimonialism. Clientelism. Democratic Instability. Corruption ABSTRACT Corruption has been the bane of legitimacy, democratic stability and socio-economic and political development in Nigeria. Indeed, any attempt to understand the tragedy of development and the challenges to democracy in Nigeria must come to grips with the problem of corruption and stupendous wastage of scarce resources. All attempts by successive regimes to nip the problem in the bud have failed. With the benefit of hindsight, virtually all the Nigerian leaders who have come in as physicians have left office as patients. What factors precipitate political corruption and why has corruption become endemic and intractable in Nigeria? The paper interrogates corruption in Nigeria through the prisms of Clientelism, Prebendalism, Patrimonialism, Neopatrimonialism, Soft State thesis and the theory of Two Publics. The article contends that these theories for a very long time have not only provided credible theoretical frameworks for the understanding of the development tragedy in Africa in general but also of the pandemic and seemingly insoluble problem of political corruption in Nigeria in particular...
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...in its armed forces to take charge of Nigerien forces and bolster security force numbers. Then, admitting grants and loans for American industries to develop inside of Niger, bringing in American managers and trainers to utilize a Nigerien workforce to mine raw materials, thus creating jobs, skills, and financial stability for the country. Simultaneously bringing in special skills workers such as engineers, doctors, and the like to aid in reworking Niger’s infrastructure from the most basic crisis on up. All funded by Niger’s own natural resources. To better understand if such an agreement between the U.S. and Niger would even be a viable option; there are a few variables to consider about the country of Niger that include: Niger’s geography, history and politics, military, transport and economy, demographics and religion. Niger is a landlocked nation in West Africa and located along the border between the Sahara and Sub-Saharan regions. Niger’s area is 1,267,000 square kilometers of which 300 square kilometers is water. In comparison, this would make it slightly less than twice the size of Texas and the world’s twenty-second largest country. Niger borders seven countries and has a total perimeter of 5,697 kilometers. The lowest point is the Niger River, with an elevation of 200 meters. The highest point is Mont Idoukal-n-Taghes in the Air Mountains at 2,022 meters. Niger’s subtropical climate is mainly very...
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