...Preoperative fasting: Is it based on evidence? The rule ‘Nil by Mouth’ from midnight is used traditionally to ensure that the stomach is empty prior to induction of anaesthesia. It is clearly stated that during induction of anaesthesia, the protective laryngeal reflex is diminished, which maximises the risk of pulmonary aspiration. Even in the early days of the anaesthetic era, most people understood that prior to surgery, no intake of solid food was to be consumed. (Ljunggvist&Soreide, 2003) Ljungvvist&Soreide (2003) explains that surgical authorities recommended that patients have fluids containing carbohydrates, for example, beef tea, during the preoperative period. In spite of this, later studies revealed anaesthetic related aspiration. This resulted in progressively firmer rules for preoperative fasting, in which case patients were informed not to consume solids and liquids prior to sugery- ‘Nil by Mouth’ from midnight. (Ljunggvist&Soreide, 2003) Over the past two decades, authors have questioned the need for such intense fasting regimes. Following this, studies have been completed, which showed that guidelines which are less intense can be used to benefit the patient. (Ljunggvist&Soreide, 2003)Ljunggvist&soreide (2003) explain that following the studies, healthy adults who are undergoing surgery, can consume clear fluids up to two hours prior to surgery. However, this does not apply to people who have got gastrointestinal deficiencies or diabetes. This...
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...Salt', and 'No Trans fat'. A wholewheat flour based noodle variation marketed by the name "Vegetable Atta Noodles" has been introduced in India (Atta flour is used in preparing most forms of wheat based breads in India) and caters to health conscious buyers wary of the refined flour used in the regular Maggi noodles. This move helps the brand in India as suburban mothers, who feed the noodles to children as an afterschool snack, are the primary customers of the brand. Recently, a line of rice noodles and whole wheat with pulses, carrots, beans, and onions has also been introduced in India. "Maggi" has become a well-known brand for instant noodles in India and Malaysia such as curry and chicken flavoured noodle soup. Nestlé India Ltd (NIL) offered a variety of culinary products such as instant noodles, soups, sauces and ketchups, cooking aids (seasonings), etc., under the Maggi brand. of these, instant noodles had been NIL's main product category in the culinary segment since the launch of Maggi 2 Minute Noodles (Maggi noodles) in 1982. Over the years, Maggi noodles became a...
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...traditional rites, though It was a struggle to have the head gear of the grooms mother in place because it kept going off at intervals owing to the size of her head.After the traditional rites (payment of dowry) the bride was unveiled as the tradition demands, prayers were said by the oldest man in the bride’s family and it was all merriment and dance. The grand reception was held in a hall(Orchid Hotel) in Asaba and I had the opportunity to witness an opulent and electrifying decoration by one of the best Event Planners from Abuja Nigeria(Red Diamond Events) There was so much class and elegance, the hall was a masterpiece and I felt and imagined it was my big day. Guests were treated to several variety of meals, spanning from Traditional mouth watering soups to Western cuisines. There was a standby live band, the groom had to learn a few steps on the dance floor to the admiration of guests and family. Interestingly, I got to understand the bride had been alternating his meals with our local dish, preparing him for his big day,...
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...contaminants are meats, milk, vegetables, fish, rice, potatoes, pasta, and cheese. You pay careful attention to food preparation and cooking guidelines to prevent contaminations. CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI Even with low numbers, it causes infection, with an incubation period of one to seven days. The symptoms are: abdominal cramps, nausea, diarrhea, headache that varying in severity. The possible contaminants are raw milk, eggs, poultry, raw beef, cake icing, and water. You must use pasteurize milk; cook foods properly; and prevent cross-contamination. CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM The illness is toxin produced by the pathogen, the incubation period goes from 12 to 36 hours. The symptoms are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, headache, dry mouth, double vision, muscle paralysis, respiratory failure. You will find possible contamination in low-acid canned foods, meats, sausage, or fish. The steps to prevent contamination are to properly follow the recommended procedures to can foods and to cook foods properly...
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...second responder. | 30 – 60 seconds | PTS (39 sec)BARCG- Guideline 11.2 Protocols for advanced Life support. (59 secs) | Defibrillator pad were not attached properly.Rhythm was not assessed after the shock. | 60 – 90seconds | PTS (64 sec)PTS (80 sec) | Guardel airway was inserted with nil airway assessment. Pillow was also not removed for enhancing airway.Nil jaw thrust for airway. | 90 – 120 seconds | PTS (119 sec)PNTS – DM (119 sec) | Hands were off the chest and not ready for compression during doctors assessment. Delay compression. | 120 – 150 seconds | PNTS- SA (135 sec)PNTS – TM (149 sec) | Nurse with her arm crossed not taking any initiative of taking any roles.Task evident, no one initiated the scribe role until the doctor appointed one. All incoming nurses showed no initiative in taking any roles. | 150 – 180 seconds | PTS (158 sec)PTS (176 sec) PNTS DM, Comm, TM | Poor documentation, no record of first, second shock and rounds of compression due to delay start of scribing.Nurse’s compression begins to become inadequate in quality.Fail to swap with another nurse on compressions as she has been on it for more than 5 minutes. | 180 – 210 seconds | PNTS – Commm (206 sec) | Nil vital signs taken such as blood pressure, HR, SP02. Scribe nurse did not ask for regular vital signs after each set of 2 min...
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...ort TABLE OF CONTENTS |SR.NO. | | TOPIC |PG. NO. | |1. | |Introduction to FMCG Industry |1 | |2. | |Introduction of Nestle Company |5 | |3. | |Introduction to Maggi Noodles |7 | |4. | |Product Mix, Brands and Product Offering |9 | | |4.1 |Product Mix of Nestle |9 | | |4.2 |Brands of Nestle |12 | | |4.3 |Product Offering by Maggi |14 | |5. | |Market Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning |16 | | |5.1 |Bases for Segmenting Consumer Markets |17 | | |5.2 |Target segment...
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...Brief Introduction of Nestlé: Nestlé was founded in 1866 by Henri Nestlé and is today the world's biggest food and beverage company. Nestlé has employed around 2,50,000 people from more than 70 countries and has factories or operations in almost every country in the world. The history of Nestlé began in Switzerland in 1867 when Henri Nestlé, the pharmacist, launched his product Farine Lactée Nestlé, a nutritious gruel for children. Henri used his surname, which means ’little nest’, in both the company name and the logotype. The nest, which symbolizes security, family and nourishment, still plays a central role in Nestlé’s profile. Since it began over 130 years ago, Nestlé’s success with product innovations and business acquisitions has turned it into the largest Food Company in the world. As the years have passed, the Nestlé family has grown to include chocolates, soups, coffee, cereals, frozen products, prepared dishes and cooking aids, yoghurts, mineral water and other food products. Beginning in the 70s, Nestlé has continued to expand its product portfolio to include pet foods, pharmaceutical products and cosmetics too. Today, Nestlé markets a great number of products, all with one thing in common: the high quality for which Nestlé has become renowned throughout the world. The Company's strategy is guided by several fundamental principles. Nestlé's existing products grow through innovation and renovation while maintaining a balance in geographic activities and product...
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...framework to conduct this assignment. My reasoning for choosing Gibb’s can be explained by [anon] (2006) ‘Gibb’s reflective cycle is fairly straight forward and encourages a clear description of the situation, analysis of feelings, evaluation of the experience, and analysis to make sense of the experience’. The assignment will also be organised into sections based on the reflective cycle. Pseudonyms will be used to maintain anonymity and confidentiality in accordance with clause five of the NMC (2004). The critical incident which I have chosen is an inappropriate assessment and application of mouth care in a pre-operative patient. ‘Oral assessment is required in planning effective care, and that the incidence of oral complications was reduced by the frequency of care’ Ginsberg (1961) cited by Mallett, J and Dougherty, L (2000 p361). I have chosen this as I found that mouth care is a valuable skill to perform on a NBM patient, and the appropriate assessment will reduce a patient’s discomfort. The managerial concepts I have chosen will appropriately explain my reasoning for implementation of this into practice. A full account of my critical incident can be found in appendix 2. Naylor (2004) cited by Mullins, L (2005) states...
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...The right menu: For me doing the Menus should not be classed as a chore but part of the patients care that should be carried out with time and understanding. The right choice of food: Patients are giving choices of food to suits their needs and preferences. Religion, allergies and special dietary needs relating to illness or condition should be considered. Provide assistance: For patients who have got difficulty eating and drinking and I make sure they not rushed with their meals. I also believe that families and carers should be encouraged to visit and offer support at mealtimes. Red trays: This is to identify people at risk for malnutrition, the right assistance is provided and food and fluids chart are completed. MUST screening: Responsible for weighing and completing MUST chart and action plan accordingly. Documentation: I ensure that all the information is recorded as per the trust guidance to facilitate communication between health professionals. If it is not written it did not happen Handover: To ensure continuity and the right action is taken. For example: dietician referrals. The importance of nutrition in older adult: As an older person continue to age, nutritional habits become important and vital to their overall health. Ageing is frequently associated with decrease in taste and smell, poor dental health and decrease in physical activities which all affect nutrient intake. Nutrition as Benchmark: The essence of care (2010) Benchmark for food...
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...Commercial Murrel Culture Problem / Need Freshwater aquaculture can play a pivotal role in improving the state’s economy and solving the nutritional problems besides acting as a tool for rural development. It offers tremendous potentialities for providing employment opportunities to the vast rural poor and unemployed youths. Among freshwater fish species, murrels (snakeheads) and catfishes secure the top rank economically. Murrels have long been commercially cultured in Thailand, Taiwan and Philippines. But fish farmers in India are not much familiar with murrel culture due to want of breeding, feeding and culture techniques. Therefore it is imperative to make murrel culture popular among fish farmers and unemployed youths for income generation. • Conservation of the threatened species is ensured through artificial propagation Conditions for Feasibility Project area of at least 50 square meter (10m x 5m) is essential for murrel culture.Water supply from nearby bore well or any other source must be available.Bio wastes like chicken intestine or fish waste must be available. Technology Package r Brood fish nutrition Approach / Strategy Murrel culture is about four decades old and in our country with the first demonstration in Madras at Sunkesula fishfarm (now in AP) by the State Fisheries Department. Further attempts made by the State Fisheries Departments of Hyderabad and Bombay and CIFRI Bhadra Centre (Karnataka) have not produced tangible results. Moreover fish...
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...This task will be looking at Pancreatitis. It will look at the different kinds of pancreatitis, the possible causes and also some of the treatments available for pancreatitis sufferers. The pancreas is an organ which is part of the digestive system. It is a leaf shape and is located behind the stomach and is level with the breastbone. The two main functions of the pancreas are to secrete strong digestive enzymes into the small intestine to help the digestion of carbohydrates and also release hormones (insulin and glucagon) into the bloodstream (www.webmd.boots.com). There are two different kinds of pancreatitis, these being acute (sudden and severe) and chronic (on-going). When referring to pancreatitis as chronic or acute, it is mainly referring to how long a person has suffered with the illness rather than the seriousness. Acute is where the pancreas becomes inflamed and is normally a short term illness, whereas chronic is where the pancreas becomes permanently damaged and affects the individual for life or long term. If a person has chronic pancreatitis it is possible to still have flare ups of acute pancreatitis at the same time, (www.bupa.co.uk). Pancreatitis occurs when digestive enzymes that are produced in the pancreas become activated while still inside the pancreas, therefore causing damage to the pancreas. When normal digestion takes place, the inactivated pancreatic enzymes travel through the ducts in the pancreas and move on to the small intestine...
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...Kenya Emanuel Professor David Gould ENG 262 28 April 2010 Reversal and recognition of “A doll House” by Henrik Ibsen Inventory Recogniton- Ms. Linde says, “I don’t know if I did or not. Many times I’ve asked myself if I had the right. Pg. 1595 Act III Reversal- Krogstad says to Ms. Linde, “When I lost you, it was as if the earth crumbled under my feet. Look at me now –a shipwrecked man clinging to a bit of wreckage” Pg. 1595 Act III Reversal-Ms. Linde, “But now I am completely alone in the world, my life is terribly empty and I feel so abandoned. There isn’t the slightest pleasure in working only for yourself. Nils, give me someone and something to work for” Pg. 1595 Act III Reversal-Nora said, “Don’t look at me like that, Torvald” Recognition- “Why shouldn’t I look at my dearest treasure? All the beauty that is mine, all my very own” pg. 1599 Act III Recognition- Krogstad, “Thank you, Kristine! Now I can find a way to clear myself in the eyes of the world. Ah, but I forgot” pg. 1596, Act III Recogniton- Helmer, “You know I’m not. What’s this? Someone been at the lock” “Yes, it’s been tampered with. What does that mean? I never would have thought the maid—Look, here’s a broken hairpin. It’s one of yours, Nora.” pg. 1601, Act III Recognition- Nora, “Then it must have been the children” pg. 1601, Act III Reversal- Nora,“The letter! No! Torvald, no!” pg. 1601, Act III Recognition- Helmer,“There’s a black cross over the name. Look. What a morbid thing to do! It looks...
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...Secondary peritonitis occurs when there is a rupture or perforation of an abdominal organ, releasing gut constituents such as bacteria, enzymes and bile into the peritoneal cavity. Peritonitis is commonly caused by a ruptured appendix (Edwards, 2005). Following the diagnosis of appendicitis, it is routine for the child to be kept nil by mouth to reduce the likelihood of aspiration for anticipated upcoming anaesthesia. Surgery is usually performed to remove the appendix, either via laparoscopic means or via a laparotomy. Initial management of peritoneal involvement can be done during surgery with the draining of fluid from the peritoneal cavity (Farrell, 2011) Perioperative antibiotic therapy and parental fluids are administered to help treat the peritoneal infection and hence reduce the likelihood of systemic involvement and sepsis. Parental fluids can be ceased when the child can tolerate food and fluids by mouth. (Edwards, 2008)(Edwards, Lewis's Medical-Surgical Nursing,...
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...Assignment A: Design Adwords Campaign with top keywords shortlisted by using Google Keyword Tool and Google Trends. Define the KPIs for the shortlisted keywords. (Max 50 keywords – across categories) Objective of Adword Campaign: Whenever we design an adword campaign we have to get the goal as what are objectives we want to attain. With the use of adwords our major task would be to increase: * Sales * Brand Awareness * Increase site visit Adword Campaign: The Campaign is ran for a month for selected cites where helmet wearing is compulsory while driving 2- Wheeler. These would be Tier 1 cities. As of the 2011 census, there are 8 tier 1 cities in India – Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Mumbai and Pune and 8% of Indian population reside in tier 1 cities. We will try to makes these people aware of the brand and encourage online sales. There will be a campaign that one focus just on the helmets and the Accessories. Build awareness amongst people who may not have heard of your brand before or whose perception we want to influence. Targeting to influe the decision of people who are researching Helmets but haven’t yet made a purchasing decision. We will use the Bid Strategy which defaults to manual CPC with enhanced CPC enabled but offers the option to switch to auto-bidding, CPM, Conversion Optimizer or Flexible bid strategy settings and Dynamic Ad Settings for dynamic availability of ads . The Different ad groups...
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...Plot Having stolen some compromising documents from a powerful and successful entrepreneur/gangster at a party, a man known as Fred (Lambert) escapes from the police and takes refuge in the underground world of the Paris Métro. There he integrates with the dwellers and befriends several colourful characters, some of which are living under the subway to avoid police arrest like him. While the gangster's henchmen look for his trail, Fred develops a romance with the gangster's young trophy wife Héléna (Adjani),who had invited Fred to the spoiled party, and is bored with her gilded-caged life. Fred forms a pop band with some of his friends, like "The Drummer" (Reno) and Enrico The Bass Player (Serra), who compose the songs. While he is working on his project, Héléna's powerful husband pressures the police to find Fred. One of Fred's sidekicks, The Rollerskater, who had been targeted by the police from a long time, is captured by Commissioner Gesberg (Galabru). Another one, The Florist, robs a train carrying money alongside Fred, and then escapes. At a performance in the subway with the newly formed band -which was possible because Fred paid off the actual performers of an announced concert, with money from the train robbery, and put his band in their place- Fred is searched by the police and a henchman of Héléna's husband. The henchman shoots Fred just when Héléna was about to reach and warn him of the approaching danger. The film ends with Héléna kneeling beside Fred, who is...
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