...INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN, CURRICULUM DESIGN, & PROGRAM EVALUATION ADDIE model: ADDIE is an effective tool used by instructors to design and develop instruction material. It is very famous tool adapted by many instructors because of its flexibility as it can be modified as and whenever required by the instructor. This model was developed in 1970 for U.S army for educational technology by Florida State University’s Center. It’s a systematic model for instruction comprising of five phases: 1) Analysis 2) Design 3) Development 4) Implementation 5) Evaluation Phases of ADDIE: 1) Analysis: During the analysis phase, the learner’s goals, objectives and learning problems are identified by the instructor. The learning environment, modes of imparting the knowledge and any other constrain are also observed by the instructor. 2) Design: This is the next sequential stage in the ADDIE model where a blue print or prototype of the learning material is made catering to the needs of the learner. A detailed systematic design is created for the user here. 3) Development: Actual creation of the learning material It could be an integration of various tools and technologies. Developing the procedure for the maximum learning outcome is focused on this phase. 4) Implementation: The designed plan is put into action in this phase for the learner by imparting knowledge through the planned tools and activities. 5) Evaluation: This phase is a tool to find out the effectiveness of the learning program...
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...Exploring Six Sigma Ricardo Vergara Training Management 3340 April 29, 2012 Abstract This paper explores Six Sigma, the business initiative that was developed by Motorola in the early 1990s. This program has had very good success with some very large corporations such as Allied Signal and General Electric. This paper will explore the methodology of each of the five phases in the Six Sigma model. The five phases are Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control (DMAIC) Phases. The Six Sigma model will then be evaluated based on the researched information. Further, a recommendation will be made concerning whether an organization should implement Six Sigma based on the evaluation. Establishing a Six Sigma Program Introduction: In a world class business environment, employees will be stimulated to strive toward a goal of total quality and continuous process improvement. The benefit of achieving this goal is to become more competitive in the marketplace by reaching business excellence in meeting and exceeding the demands of the customers. The improvements in productivity and the reductions in cost will make stretching towards this goal a feasible business mission (Constanza, 1996, p. 251-252). Operations managers...
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...range of artefacts, particularly models, of the software engineering process such as programming, testing etc. The tools are essential in supporting with the bookkeeping associated with the change management and configuration management that goes with each iteration. RUP is broken into two dimension, Time and Static Structure of the Process. There are four phases with the time dimension, Inception, Elaboration, Construction and Transition. Each phase can only be concluded when the key goals have been...
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...The PRECEDE-PROCEED model is a medical model that moves away from the typical issue of disease treatment and focuses on health promotion. Developed by Lawrence W. Green, this model has been applied in many Western countries in the improvement of health. PRECEDE (Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation) is the part of the model that helps in the development of various public health initiatives and programs. PROCEED (Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development), on the other hand, serves as a guide to the effective implementation of the various programs that are created using PRECEDE. With regards to using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model in designing an educational program aimed at promoting health for families with school-aged children, the nine phases of the model will be used to produce outstanding results. The first phase is the social assessment phase, where the current social habits and practices of families with school-aged children is evaluated. This assessment helps determine what the existing health practices are, the current quality of life, and the health needs of these families. The second phase involves the epidemiological assessment. According to Webster’s Dictionary, epidemiology is “that branch of medicine which studies the incidence and distribution of disease in a population, and uses such information to find the causes, modes of transmission, and methods for control...
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...Health Care Utilization Paper Option B Svetlana Leyzerov HCS/235 May 25, 2015 Hanna Matatyaho Health Care Utilization Paper Option B The Behavioral Model of Health Services utilization was developed by Ron Andersen in 1968, and subsequently refined with his colleagues over the years. It is the most widely adopted conceptual framework for studying the use of health services, especially with regard to determining whether or not access to and consumption of health services is fair. The model underwent three revisions, or phases, the first of which was the initial Behavioral Model. Developed in the 1960s, this phase was focused on individual use of the health care services. Phase two was in 1970s, where Anderson collaborated with other colleagues in order to recognize the importance of national health policy, the resources in the health care system, and changes in those over time. A third phase, in 1990s, acknowledged changes in the environment as part of understanding the use of health care services. Although the Behavioral Model of Health Services Use was revised, the core factors that it was built on stayed the same. It is based on a function of predisposing, enabling, and need for health care. The predisposing factors are stronger in tendency for some individuals than in others. It is further subdivided into demographic factors including age, gender, and ethnicity; social factors- education, occupation, and residence mobility; health beliefs-attitude toward the...
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...Kemp, Dick and Carey design models for Instructional Design for instructional design are very important because they can provide a procedural way of establishing or implementing the instructional design process for a particular initiative of education. There exists several instructional design models which illustrates the ID process meant for dissimilar settings and situations .The aim of these instructional design models is to give training and educational organizational design process, guidelines for management and collaboration of teamwork options with designers, clients and technicians. A model in general can be described as a pattern or example that prescribes relationships in a normative sense. A model can also serve as a communication and visual tool to assist in conceptualizing complicated instructional design process or schematics as well as how the various elements and stages relate to each other. It should be noted that the application of the model relies on the instructional scenario, problem or task. To make sure that there is a procedural way of establishing the instructional design process for a particular educational initiative, instructional design should be used. This is because they serve as important tools of learning and they make the work of teachers easier. According to Carey and Carey (2001), ...instructional design can be defined as the systematic method for analyzing, designing, developing, evaluating and managing the instructional process efficiently;...
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...Plant February 23, 2015 Change within the healthcare industry is occurring at an exponential rate. Although change is not new to healthcare, the underlying reasons for change are diverse compared to other industries. Consumer perception that healthcare is a right has inspired regulatory changes that affect both access and quality of care, adding to the already escalating costs. The entry of investor-owned companies into the acute-care markets in the late 1960s has created a challenging and changing healthcare environment, which threatens the survival of those unable to adjust to the trends of the industry (Johnson, 2009). Other factors contributing to unpredictable changes in the healthcare industry include the exclusive expertise of the providers, the physician/hospital relationship and related referral patterns, the absence of a traditional competitive market, and the fragmentation of the industry. The concept of change is far too broad to justify any one definition. Extenuating circumstances and unpredictable shifts within the healthcare industry require a strategic management model that addresses both change and changing. Visionary leaders must be alert to external change and have the organization prepared to respond by changing internally. Consequently, everyone in the organization plays a role in change management. Among the many definitions of change reported in the literature, transitional and transformational changes provide the most practical distinction...
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...Contents 1.0 Planning Phase 1 1.1Baseline Project Plan 1 1.1.1 Introduction 1 1.1.2 Current system of the company 2 1.1.3 Problem statement 2 1.1.4 Project objectives 3 1.1.5 Scope of Project: 3 1.1.6 Methodology 4 1.0 Planning Phase 1.1Baseline Project Plan 1.1.1 Introduction Northern Health Clinic (NHC) was established by partnership of Dr. Edry Yussof and Dr. Wilson Chen. The clinic is located at Jitra, Kedah near of new shopping mall of Jitra Town which is strategic location because easy to customer to find it. NHC have less worker but have a lot of patients. Most of the patients that come to NHC provide insurance coverage employee wellness and health maintenance. NHC also accepts 34 different insurance policies. The office manager, Anita Raj is supervises six office staff worker. Each of worker were given one or more primary responsibilities. In the other hand, all members of the staff help whenever necessary besides of their regular responsibilities in preparation of patient statements at the end of each month. Because of this situation Anita Raj have requested to hire an office clerk to reduce the workload of current staff. Through a meeting handle by the associates, they have agreed to hire another office worker. Then, Dr. Edry suggested to use computerizing NHC’s patient system to handle all the process related to patients. Dr. Edry as the director of the project decided to hire a system analyst to study the current office systems and recommend...
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...1 Analysis of Three Instructional Design Models 2 Abstract Instructional design models provide for a systematic approach of implementing the instructional design process for a specific educational initiative (Morrison, Ross, & Kemp, 2004). This paper will briefly describe the purpose and what instructional models are followed by process of three selected models: (a) the Dick and Carey systems approach; (b) Morrison, Ross and Kemp model (also known as the Kemp model); and (c) the Three-Phase design (3PD) model. The process description for each model will serve as the foundation and supporting points required for comparing and contrasting process of the models. 1 Dick and Carey, Kemp, and Three-Phase Design models for Instructional Design Instructional design (ID) models can provide a systematic approach of implementing the instructional design process for specific educational initiatives (Morrison, Ross, & Kemp, 2004). Gustafson & Branch (1997) states that there is a wide variety of instructional design models describing the ID process created for different situations and settings (as cited in Gustafson & Branch, 2002b; Ryder, 2006). The purpose of the instructional design models offer both educational and training organizations design steps, management guidelines and teamwork collaboration options with designers, technicians and clients (Gustafson & Branch, 2002a). Specifically by definition, a model can be defined as “a way of doing something; an explicit representation...
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...Introduction Organizations always face the challenges of dynamic business environment. In 21st century, the environment has become more dynamic and unpredictable. The changing business environment requires strategic thinking in companies to develop good corporate strategies. Only when developing effective strategies, corporate can remain the competitive position. By creating strategy, organization can remain the competitive advantage which other companies are unable to implement. Corporate strategy is not only for large firms but also for small business. However, there is a quotation suggests that “Strategic management is nothing more than a set a o myths, parables and homilies that give senior management a feeling of comfort that they can control the destinies of their organizations. It has neither theoretical substance nor empirical content and is delusional in its intention. The future is not only unpredictable it is also unknowable”. This assignment shall argue the citation by considering different factors. First, the assignment will identify the meaning of strategy and it does matter. And then the essays will have brief discussion of industry matter for the performance of an organization. Finally, the assignment will draw conclusion through the relevance of strategy in management practices. 1. What is strategy and does it matter? There are many ways to define strategy by various researchers. Henry Minzberg (1971) defines “Strategies are both plans for the future...
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...SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT: 1. Introduction Computers are becoming a key element in our daily lives. Slowly and surely they are taking over many of the functions that effect our lives critically. They are now controlling all forms of monetary transactions, manufacturing, transportation, communication, defence systems, process control systems, and so on. In the near future, they will be found in our homes, controlling all forms of appliances. Left to themselves, they are harmless pieces of hardware. Load the right kind of software, they can take you to the moon, both literally and figuratively. It is the software that gives life to them.When they are going to play such a crucial role, one small flaw either in the hardware or the software can lead to catastrophic consequences. The sad part is, while there are well defined processes based on theoretical foundations to ensure the reliability of the hardware, same thing can not be said about software. There is no theory for software devlopment as yet. But at the same time, it is mandatory that software always behaves in a predictable manner, even in unforeseen circumstances. Hence there is a need to control its development through a well defined and systematic process. The old fashioned 'code & test' approach will not do any more. It may be good enough for 'toy' problems, but in real life, software is expected to solve enormously complex problems. Some of the aspects of real life software projects are: Team effort: Any large...
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...1. Define the production process (called Operations Assessment in Stage 2 of Stagegate model for product design) Determine how completed the input materials should be. These are make-or-buy decisions. Set production process objectives: − Capacity (or production speed), flexibility − Type of process (job shop, batch, assembly, continuous) − Cost (fixed, variable), process quality capability − Technology/extent of automation, production start date Determine the nature of process in general. 2. Production process development (in Stage 3 of Stage-gate model) 2.1 Conceptualize the design This answers the question: How do you get from inputs (materials) to output? That is, what is the sequence of major operations (activities) needed? * Develop a few alternative process concepts (sketches). Two approaches can be used: − Incremental: do one step at a time from start to end. − Hierarchical (top down): break the whole job into two operations, then divide each into sub-operations, etc., until the desired level of detail is reached. * Usually a process flow diagram is used to show the operations and the movement of materials through the operations. * Evaluate each alternative process concept. 2.2 Make an embodiment of the design * Choose one process concept and complete the design. * Build a prototype process (can use computer modelling) and test it. − Determine the resources (machines, equipment, and labour) needed, in general. − Estimate the costs...
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... Major changes were made in architecture, while scientists were slowly beginning to create different cures for infectious diseases. Rival styles were created and architects were well known as artists. With discovering new medical advances, science was like a trip into the future. Sculpting and carving was well used for the beautification process, which revolutionized the eighteen-hundreds. The growth of microbiology and biochemistry had been linked to ways of finding new methods of killing deadly bacteria. ARCHITECTURE: A. Nineteenth Century: The Victorian Period lasted for approximately sixty-nine years. The love of this rare form of architecture quickly spread across England. Many revived styles of the past were used, but so were new methods and materials. This idea of basing entire buildings on ancient models revived Greek and Gothic styles. B. Changes in Patronage: There were changes in patronage for the middle class that included the spread of new wealth. To celebrate this and show the world what they could do, the middle class built abundantly; and thus antiquarianism was born. C. Beautification: Many buildings were made to appear less unorthodox than they really were by facades and embellishments. Some ideas that made the eighteenth century so unique were their classical front pieces, and Georgian pediments. This was not only to show beauty but also grace and their monumental significance. GOTHIC REVIVAL PHASES: A. Romantic: In this phase of revival...
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...growing up, they begin to change throughout each different chapter of their lives. This is known as developmental psychology. Some developmental phases would be, prenatal development, development during infancy and childhood and adolescent development. During these phases, something that becomes more pronounced is a person's personality. Personality is known as a unique and relatively consistent pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving. When researchers began to study personality they came up with different perspectives or personality theories, which are attempts to describe and explain the way people feel, think and behave. These perspectives are better known as psychoanalytic, humanistic, social-cognitive and trait perspective. First of all, personality grows while humans begin to grow. Through life experiences and phases the individual is molded. The first phase of life would be the prenatal, which is when a baby is being created inside the womb. This phase is divided into three stages: germinal, the first two weeks, embryonic, begins on week three until week eight and lastly, fetal, which is from week nine until birth. After this phase comes development during infancy and childhood. By this time a baby gains certain reflexes that are triggered, like, for example, when a baby is hungry. Also during this time, the child is developing physically and intellectually allowing the child to walk and talk. Another phase is adolescence. The adolescence phase is right between when someone...
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...IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 7, Issue 5, September 2010 ISSN (Online): 1694-0814 www.IJCSI.org 94 A Comparison Between Five Models Of Software Engineering Nabil Mohammed Ali Munassar1 and A. Govardhan2 1 Ph.D Student of Computer Science & Engineering Jawahrlal Nehru Technological University Kuktapally, Hyderabad- 500 085, Andhra Pradesh, India Professor of Computer Science & Engineering Principal JNTUH of Engineering College, Jagityal, Karimnagar (Dt), A.P., India 2 Abstract This research deals with a vital and important issue in computer world. It is concerned with the software management processes that examine the area of software development through the development models, which are known as software development life cycle. It represents five of the development models namely, waterfall, Iteration, V-shaped, spiral and Extreme programming. These models have advantages and disadvantages as well. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to represent different models of software development and make a comparison between them to show the features and defects of each model. Keywords: Software Management Processes, Software Development, Development Models, Software Development Life Cycle, Comparison between five models of Software Engineering. increased recently which results in the difficulty of enumerating such companies. During the previous four decades, software has been developed from a tool used for analyzing information...
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